2017年-2023年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀真題長(zhǎng)難句解析(425-426)講義- 高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

長(zhǎng)難句翻譯TheSwedeswerethefirsttorecognizethatpublicofficialslikecivilservants,policeofficers,healthinspectorsortax-collectorscanmakemistakesoractover-zealouslyinthebeliefthattheyareservingthepublic.Todaythetaskofreproducingpicturesisincomparablymoresimpleandreliable,withrepro-graphictechniquesthatallowtheproductionofhigh-qualityprintsmadeexactlytotheoriginalscale,withfaithfulcolourvalues,andevenwithduplicationofthesurfacereliefofthepainting.長(zhǎng)難句翻譯解析TheSwedeswerethefirsttorecognizethatpublicofficialslikecivilservants,policeofficers,healthinspectorsortax-collectorscanmakemistakesoractover-zealouslyinthebeliefthattheyareservingthepublic.【語(yǔ)法詳析】本句的主干為TheSwedeswerethefirsttorecognize…。1.thatpublicofficials…canmakemistakes…作recognize的賓語(yǔ)從句；2.thattheyareservingthepublic作belief的同位語(yǔ)從句?！驹~匯精講】Swede/swi?d/n.瑞典人【名】Sweden瑞典inspector/?n?spek.t?r/n.檢查員，督察【動(dòng)】inspect(in內(nèi)+spect=看進(jìn)去=視察)Themillwasfinallyshutdownbystatesafetyinspectors.工廠終于遭國(guó)家安全檢查員關(guān)閉over-zealously/???.v??zel.?sli/adv.過(guò)于熱心地【形】zealous熱情的，狂熱的Shewasazealousworkerforcharitablebodies...她對(duì)慈善事業(yè)充滿熱忱。AnofficialfromtheDepartmentofHealthwillbeinspectingtherestaurantthisafternoon.今天下午衛(wèi)生部的一名官員要來(lái)視察這家餐館。Hehadtobeprotectedfromoverzealousfans.他不得不被保護(hù)起來(lái)，與過(guò)分熱心的崇拜者保持距離。【參考譯文】瑞典人首先認(rèn)識(shí)到像文職人員、警察、衛(wèi)生稽查員或稅務(wù)官這樣的公務(wù)員，會(huì)出錯(cuò)或者過(guò)分作為還自認(rèn)為在為公眾服務(wù)。Todaythetaskofreproducingpicturesisincomparablymoresimpleandreliable,withrepro-graphictechniquesthatallowtheproductionofhigh-qualityprintsmadeexactlytotheoriginalscale,withfaithfulcolourvalues,andevenwithduplicationofthesurfacereliefofthepainting.1）結(jié)構(gòu)分析層次一：主句：thetask........reliable狀語(yǔ)：withreprographic......painting【with介詞短語(yǔ)做原因狀語(yǔ),表示整個(gè)主句的原因】層次二：主句內(nèi)部：主體：thetaskismoresimpleandrelaible修飾①：ofthereproducingpictures（介詞短語(yǔ)修飾task，表示task的內(nèi)容）修飾②：incomparably（副詞修飾moresimpleandreliable，表示程度）狀語(yǔ)內(nèi)部：主體：with......，with........,andwith.....painting（3個(gè)with短語(yǔ)并列）with①：1）that....scale（that引導(dǎo)的定從，修飾technique）2）ofhigh－qualityprints....scale（介詞短語(yǔ)修飾production）3）madeto......scale（done做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾prints）with③：1）ofthesurfacereliefofthepainting（介詞短語(yǔ)修飾duplication）2）ofthepainting（介詞短語(yǔ)修飾relief）結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)：主句【嵌套介短定語(yǔ)】+3個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)并列【嵌套定從+介短定狀】2）譯文分析：紅體字代表主句主干，綠體字代表狀語(yǔ)主干，括號(hào)代表修飾（如今，）（復(fù)制畫作這個(gè)）任務(wù)變得空前的簡(jiǎn)單可靠，這歸功于三點(diǎn)：①?gòu)?fù)印技術(shù)能使高質(zhì)量印刷品高度還原原作大?、诟叨冗€原顏色值③甚至能夠復(fù)制表面浮雕注意：with①和③部分雖然從語(yǔ)法角度來(lái)看，重點(diǎn)分別在technique和duplication上,但是從語(yǔ)義角度來(lái)看，重點(diǎn)想強(qiáng)調(diào)技術(shù)帶來(lái)的結(jié)果（也就是：幾個(gè)高度還原原作的方面），所以才將三個(gè)還原點(diǎn)作為主體信息用綠體字標(biāo)注了出來(lái)。3）重點(diǎn)詞匯：reproduce=reprographic=duplicate:復(fù)制Itisillegaltoreproducetheseworksheetswithoutpermissionfromthepublisher.未經(jīng)出版者許可翻印這些習(xí)題是違法的。incomparably:不可比擬的，無(wú)敵的Yourvoiceisincomparablymoreattractivethanhers.你的嗓子遠(yuǎn)比她的更有魅力.totheoriginalscale:按照原來(lái)的大小Transformingbacktotheoriginalscalegivesajointdistributionwithdependence,wheretheinitialmarginaldistributionsarepreserved.轉(zhuǎn)換回原始尺度得到一個(gè)具有相關(guān)性的聯(lián)合分布，其中保留了初始邊際分布。faithful:忠于的相信的（這里指代“高度還原原作”）OlderAmericansareamongthiscountry'smostfaithfulvoters.較年長(zhǎng)的美國(guó)人是這個(gè)國(guó)家最忠實(shí)的選民群體之一。colourvalues:顏色值【注意value一詞多義（值；（色彩）明暗度）】surfacereliefofpainting:畫作的浮雕high－qualify:高質(zhì)量的Passers-byintheareahavebeentreatedtosomehigh-qualitybusking.路過(guò)這一帶的行人聽(tīng)到過(guò)水平很高的街頭演唱。prints:印刷品Freshprintsofbothgirlswerefoundintheflat.在公寓里發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)女孩不久前留下的指紋。長(zhǎng)難句拓展OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit—andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.①小詞典joblessadj.無(wú)工作的；失業(yè)的n.失業(yè)者Theclosureleft500peoplejobless.這次倒閉使500人失業(yè)。jobcentren.（政府的）就業(yè)服務(wù)中心ItisachangeofcareerthatoffersawelcomeendtosigningonattheJobCentre;這種職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變讓他終于不用再去就業(yè)中心（JobCentre）報(bào)到了；CVn.個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷；簡(jiǎn)歷（全寫為curriculumvitae）ApplicantsareaskedtosendinaCVandacoveringletter.申請(qǐng)人需要提交一份簡(jiǎn)歷和附函。registerv.登記；注冊(cè)n.登記簿；登記TheshipwasregisteredinPanama.這艘船是在巴拿馬注冊(cè)的。beeligiblefor有資格做某事Workersshallnotbeeligibleforrepaymentofanydiscrepanciesduetothechangeofrates.改變退休費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后的差額部分一律不予補(bǔ)發(fā).benefitn.利益；福利費(fèi)（政府對(duì)失業(yè)者等提供的救濟(jì)金）v.對(duì)（某人）有用；使受益Itwasgoodtoseeherfinallyreapingthebenefits(=enjoyingtheresults)ofallherhardwork.看到她終于收獲辛勤勞動(dòng)的成果令人欣慰。fortnightlyadj./adv.兩星期一次的n.雙周刊Meetingstakeplaceatfortnightlyintervals.每?jī)芍荛_(kāi)一次會(huì)。②句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是Onlyif引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句+部分倒裝的主句。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)是thejobless，謂語(yǔ)是arrive,賓語(yǔ)是atthejobcentre。arrive,register和start是三個(gè)并列成分。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)是thejobless，謂語(yǔ)是arrive,賓語(yǔ)是atthejobcentre。arrive,register和start是三個(gè)并列成分。③語(yǔ)法拓展：Onlyif引導(dǎo)的倒裝句onlyif表示“只有...才..”。當(dāng)onlyif放在句首時(shí)，應(yīng)該用半倒裝句型。所謂半倒裝句型，就是將句子中的“助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”等提前。例句：Onlyifyoustudyhardcanyoupasstheexam.只有努力學(xué)習(xí)才能通過(guò)考試。OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.我只有找到了工作才有足夠的錢上學(xué)。④寫作拓展：本句中benefit是熟詞僻義，我們常見(jiàn)的含義是“好處；福利”，寫作中相似的表達(dá)：gainThisarrangementyieldsawonderfulgaintoincumbents.這種安排為在職人員提供了意外的得益.advantageHehasdiscoveredotheradvantagesaswell.他也發(fā)現(xiàn)了其他益處.welfareThispoliticiantriedtocheatthepeopleintothebeliefthathewouldworkforpublicwelfare.這個(gè)政客想哄騙人們相信他是會(huì)為大眾謀福利的.materialbenefitsBothfriendshipandmaterialbenefitsmaywellcometoyouatthistime.友誼和物質(zhì)利益可能會(huì)同時(shí)不請(qǐng)自來(lái)喲。boonThenewsoftwarewillproveaboontoInternetusers.這種新軟件將會(huì)對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶大有益處。RewardThecompanyisnowreapingtherewardsoftheirinvestments.公司正在收獲他們的投資回報(bào)。長(zhǎng)難句精講精練-長(zhǎng)難句分析如何學(xué)習(xí)長(zhǎng)難句？建議你按照下面的步驟進(jìn)行：1學(xué)習(xí)例句前的知識(shí)點(diǎn)2嘗試獨(dú)立分析例句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，并理解翻譯句子3看例句分析，找出自身問(wèn)題所在4復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)化，確保能獨(dú)立分析并理解句子，背誦生詞今日三句——五中基本句型之主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)1主謂2主謂賓3主謂補(bǔ)（或主系表）4主謂雙賓5主謂賓補(bǔ)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)，縮寫為S＋V＋O此類句子結(jié)構(gòu)常見(jiàn)的句式表達(dá)是“名詞＋動(dòng)詞＋名詞（n.＋v.＋n.）”，比如：Frogseatinsects.青蛙吃昆蟲(chóng)。其中Frogs是主語(yǔ)，eat是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，insects是賓語(yǔ)。例句：1.ThebiologistHughDinglehasidentifiedfivecharacteristicsthatapply,invaryingdegreesandcombinations,toallmigrations.2.Thisbeliefshouldtheninturnpromotesuccessfuloutcomesacrossdevelopment,includinghighschoolgraduation,thepursuitofhigherlearning,andtheacquisitionofhigh-prestigeoccupations.3.Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.句子分析：1.ThebiologistHughDinglehasidentifiedfivecharacteristicsthatapply,invaryingdegreesandcombinations,toallmigrations.第一步：句子結(jié)構(gòu)化ThebiologistHughDinglehasidentifiedfivecharacteristicsthatapply,invaryingdegreesandcombinations,toallmigrations.第二步：梳理各個(gè)核心成分中意群的意思和邏輯關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)化成“結(jié)構(gòu)化表達(dá)”結(jié)構(gòu)化表達(dá)是sb.hasidentifiedsth.，意思是“某人發(fā)現(xiàn)了某事”。that后是定語(yǔ)從句，我們繼續(xù)對(duì)其進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)化：thatapply,invaryingdegreesandcombinations,toallmigrations。結(jié)構(gòu)化表達(dá)是thatapplytoallmigrations，that指代前面的fivecharacteristics，譯為：適用于所有遷徙行為的五種特征。invaryingdegreesandcombinations是插入語(yǔ)，插在了apply和to的中間，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，譯為：在不同程度上并以不同的組合方式。第三步：理解全句含義參考譯文：生物學(xué)家休·丁格爾發(fā)現(xiàn)了五種特征，這五種特征在不同的程度上并以不同的組合方式，適用于所有的遷徙行為。2.Thisbeliefshouldtheninturnpromotesuccessfuloutcomesacrossdevelopment,includinghighschoolgraduation,thepursuitofhigherlearning,andtheacquisitionofhigh-prestigeoccupations.第一步：句子結(jié)構(gòu)化Thisbeliefshouldtheninturnpromotesuccessfuloutcomesacrossdevelopment,includinghighschoolgraduation,thepursuitofhigherlearning,andtheacquisitionofhigh-prestigeoccupations.第二步：梳理各個(gè)核心成分中意群的意思和邏輯關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)化成“結(jié)構(gòu)化表達(dá)”結(jié)構(gòu)化表達(dá)是AshouldpromoteB,includingC,DandE，譯為：A應(yīng)該能促進(jìn)B，B包括CDE。theninturn是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，譯為：然后，反過(guò)來(lái)。acrossdevelopment作狀語(yǔ)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，譯為：在發(fā)展過(guò)程中。includinghighschoolgraduation,thepursuitofhigherlearning,andtheacquisitionofhighprestigeoccupations是補(bǔ)充的三個(gè)例子，用來(lái)解釋前面的successfuloutcomes，譯為：成功的結(jié)果包括高畢業(yè)率、追求深入學(xué)習(xí)以及獲得有威望的工作。第三步：理解全句含義參考譯文：這種觀念應(yīng)該能在發(fā)展過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生好的結(jié)果，這些結(jié)果包括高畢業(yè)率、追求深入學(xué)習(xí)以及獲得有威望的工作。3.Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.第一步：句子結(jié)構(gòu)化Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.第二步：梳理各個(gè)核心成分中意群的意思和邏輯關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)化成“結(jié)構(gòu)化表達(dá)”結(jié)構(gòu)化表達(dá)是sth.mayhelpsth.，意思是“某事有助于某事”。主語(yǔ)部分是Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivity，譯為：保持一定程度的日常運(yùn)動(dòng)。saysCarlCotman是插入語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前面的觀點(diǎn)出自誰(shuí)。aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine也是插入語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明卡爾·科特曼的身份。第三步：理解全句含義參考譯文：加州大學(xué)歐文分校的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家卡爾·科特曼指出，保持一定程度的日常運(yùn)動(dòng)有助于促進(jìn)心理機(jī)能。今天長(zhǎng)難句詞匯講練學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)：inturn反而；轉(zhuǎn)而；反過(guò)來(lái)Pleasecomeupinturntocollectyourbooks.請(qǐng)依次過(guò)來(lái)取你們的書