山東省泰安新泰市某校2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末仿真模擬英語試題

新泰中學(xué)2021級(jí)高三上學(xué)期期末仿真模擬測(cè)試英語試題第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADaveWilliamsonShortStoryCompetitionByManitobaWriters’GuildTheManitobaWriters’GuildwasstartedinAugust1981atAubigny,Manitoba,asagrassrootsorganizationforandofManitobawriters.OurannualDaveWilliamsonShortStoryCompetitionsopentowritersacrossManitoba.Weactivelyencouragesubmissionsfromthosewhoare18+yearsofage.PrizesTopprize:$1,000CAD9runners-up:$500CAD9honorablementions:PublicationAllworksfrom10prizewinnersand9honorablementionwinnerswillbepublishedinane-bookcollectionbytheManitobaWriters’Guild.Proceedsfromthesaleofthee-bookwillbeusedtosupportfutureManitobaWriters’Guildwritingcompetitions.Winnerswillbeannouncedviae-mailafewweeksafterthecontestdeadline.EntryEntryisfreeofchargetoallwriters.However,writerslookingtoimprovetheirwritingmaychoosetopurchaseanassessedentry($10CAD).Withthisoption,youwillreceiveaGoogledocumentwithcommentsandsuggestionsonhowtoimproveyourwritingonasentencelevel,aswellasapersonale-mailguidingyouingrowingasawriter.RulesFollowalltherulescarefullytoavoidbeingdisqualified◆Writebetween2,500and5,000wordsandsubmitonlyyouroriginal,unpublishedwork.◆Yoursubmissionwillincludeacoveringletterthatcontainsyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.◆Weareacceptingonlye-mailsubmissionsforthiscontest.Pleasemakesurethefileissentasa.pdf,.doc/.docxor.txtdocument.◆ThedeadlinetosubmityourwritingisDecember19,2023.更多低價(jià)優(yōu)質(zhì)資源可家衛(wèi)星MXSJ6631.Whoisthecompetitionorganizedfor?A.Universitystudents. B.LocalwritersinManitoba.C.Middleschoolstudents. D.WritingenthusiastsinCanada.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthehonorablementionwinners?A.Theycanreceiveacashprize. B.Theyaregivenguidanceonwriting.C.Theycanhavetheirentriespublished. D.Theyarefreetodownloade-books.3.Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A.Postingyourwritingbyexpressdelivery. B.SendingyourentryonDecember18,2023.C.Typingoutastoryof4,500words. D.E-mailingyourentryasa.pdfdocument.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了DaveWilliamson短篇小說大賽的相關(guān)情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“OurannualDaveWilliamsonShortStoryCompetitionsopentowritersacrossManitoba.Weactivelyencouragesubmissionsfromthosewhoare18+yearsofage.(我們的年度戴夫·威廉姆森短篇小說比賽對(duì)Manitoba的作家開放。我們積極鼓勵(lì)那些年滿18歲的人提交作品。)”可知，比賽是為Manitoba的當(dāng)?shù)刈骷医M織的。故選B。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prizes部分“Allworksfrom10prizewinnersand9honorablementionwinnerswillbepublishedinane-bookcollectionbytheManitobaWriters’Guild.(Manitoba作家協(xié)會(huì)將出版10位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)吆?位榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)獲得者的所有作品的電子書集。)”可知，榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)獲得者的參賽作品可以被發(fā)表。故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rules部分“Weareacceptingonlye-mailsubmissionsforthiscontest.(我們只接受此競(jìng)賽的電子郵件提交。)”可知，用快遞寄你的文章會(huì)導(dǎo)致取消資格。故選A。BAnine-year-oldboyhassetanew5kmparkrunworldrecordforhisagegroup.LouisRobinett,amemberofthePooleRunnersjuniorathleticsclub,shaved13secondsoffthepreviousworldrecord,whichwassetinCaliforniain2017,afterhecrossedthelinein17minutesand40seconds.Louis,whobroketherecordatthePooleparkruninDorsetonSaturday,said,“I’montopoftheworldrightnow.It’sahugedealtobreakaworldrecord.Icouldn’thavedoneitwithoutthesupportofmyfamilyandtheteamatPooleRunners.”LouiswasaccompaniedontheparkrunbyDionGarner,amemberofhisathleticsclub,asallunder-11sinthe5kmeventmustrunwithinarm’slengthofanadult.GarnersaidofLouis’sachievement,“Hisnaturaltalent,combinedwithhisdedicationandspirit,ismind-blowing.Helovesthesportsandhasreallypracticedalot.”AspokesmanforPooleRunnerssaid,“Withhisnewworldrecord,Louishasraisedthebarforyoungathleteseverywhere.Thisisn’tjustawinforLouis,it’sanewbenchmark(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))foryouthsports,inspiringchildrenallovertheworldtoaimhigher.”Parkrunwasstartedby13friendsasaweeklyeventinBushyPark,southwestLondon,in2004.By2015morethan80,000peopleweregatheringinparksaroundtheworldeachSaturdaytoparticipateinaparkrun.Onlythreeyearslateraboutaquarterofamillionpeopleweretakingpartinparkrunseachweek,in1,500eventsacross20countries.Incomparison,48,000runnerstookpartintheLondonMarathonthisyear.4.Whatistheprevious5kmparkrunworldrecord?A.17minutesand27seconds. B.17minutesand23seconds.C.17minutesand40seconds. D.17minutesand53seconds.5.HowdidLouisfeelafterbreakingtheworldrecord?A.Surprisedandthankful. B.Modestandsatisfied.C.Gratefulanddelighted. D.Thrilledandshocked.6.WhatdidGarnerthinkofLouis’sachievement?A.Effortspaidoff. B.Strengthwasatthepeak.C.Determinationwasthekey. D.Mindchangedthebehavior.7.WhatcanweknowfromParagraph4?A.Parkrunisancientbutincreasinglypopular. B.Standardsareneededtomakeparkrunformal.C.Parkrunoriginatesfromaweeklyinitiative. D.Overtwentycountriescompetetohostaparkrun.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要說明了一名9歲的男孩在他的年齡組中創(chuàng)造了一項(xiàng)新的5公里公園跑世界紀(jì)錄。描述了他打破紀(jì)錄之后的感受以及這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“LouisRobinett,amemberofthePooleRunnersjuniorathleticsclub,shaved13secondsoffthepreviousworldrecord,whichwassetinCaliforniain2017,afterhecrossedthelinein17minutesand40seconds.(普爾跑者青少年田徑俱樂部的成員路易斯·羅比內(nèi)特以17分40秒的成績(jī)沖過終點(diǎn)線，將2017年在加州創(chuàng)下的世界紀(jì)錄縮短了13秒)”可知，之前的5公里公園跑世界紀(jì)錄是17分40秒+13秒=17分53秒。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Louis,whobroketherecordatthePooleparkruninDorsetonSaturday,said,“I’montopoftheworldrightnow.It’sahugedealtobreakaworldrecord.Icouldn’thavedoneitwithoutthesupportofmyfamilyandtheteamatPooleRunners.”(周六，路易斯在多塞特郡的普爾公園賽跑中打破了紀(jì)錄，他說：“我現(xiàn)在站在世界之巔。打破世界紀(jì)錄是件大事。如果沒有我的家人和普爾跑步隊(duì)的支持，我不可能做到這一點(diǎn)。”)”可推知，路易斯打破世界紀(jì)錄后感覺感激和自豪。故選C。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“GarnersaidofLouis’sachievement,“Hisnaturaltalent,combinedwithhisdedicationandspirit,ismind-blowing.Helovesthesportsandhasreallypracticedalot.”(加納談到路易斯的成就時(shí)說：“他的天賦，加上他的奉獻(xiàn)精神和精神，令人興奮。他熱愛這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，并且練習(xí)了很多?！?”可知，加納認(rèn)為路易斯的成就是努力得到了回報(bào)。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Parkrunwasstartedby13friendsasaweeklyeventinBushyPark,southwestLondon,in2004.(2004年，13個(gè)朋友在倫敦西南部的布什公園發(fā)起了每周一次的Parkrun活動(dòng))”可知，“Parkrun”起源于一個(gè)每周的活動(dòng)。故選C。COnekeyelementofhumanlanguageissemantics(語義).Scientistshadlongthoughtthatunlikeourwords,animalvocalizations(發(fā)聲)wereinvoluntary,renectingtheemotionalstateoftheanimalwithoutconveyinganyotherinformation.Butoverthelastfourdecades,numerousstudieshaveshownthatvariousanimalshavedistinctcallswithspecificmeanings.Manybirdspeciesusedifferentalarmcalls.Japanesetits,whichnestintreeholes,haveonecallthatcausestheirbabybirdstogetdowntoavoidbeingpulledoutofthenestbycrows,andanothercallfortreesnakesthatsendsthemjumpingoutofthenestentirely.Siberianjaysvarytheircallsdependingonwhetheranenemyisseenlookingforfoodoractivelyattacking—andeachcallgetsadifferentresponsefromothernearbybirds.Tworecentstudiessuggestthattheorderofsomebirds’vocalizationsmayimpacttheirmeaning.Thoughtheideaisstillcontroversial,thiscouldrepresentabasicformoftherulesgoverningtheorderandcombinationofwordsandelementsinhumanlanguageknownassyntax(句法),asillustratedbytheclassic“dogbitesman”vs.“manbitesdog”example.Evenifsomebirdssharebasicaspectsofhumanlanguage,westillknowverylittleaboutwhat’sactuallygoingonintheirminds.Mostanimalcommunicationresearchhasfocusedondescribingsignalsandbehavior,whichonthesurfacecanlookalotlikehumanbehavior.Determiningiftheunderlyingcognitive(認(rèn)知的)processesdrivingthebehaviorarealsosimilarismuchmorechallenging,asattheheartofthisquestionisintentionality:Areanimalsmerelyreactingtotheirenvironment,ordotheyintendtoconveyinformationtooneanother?8.Whatwasscientists’long-heldbeliefaboutanimalvocalizations?A.Theyconveyednoemotion. B.Theyweresemanticallyrelated.C.Theyvariedgreatlywithspecies. D.Theyexpressednointendedmeaning.9.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?A.Bylistingdata. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byprovidingdefinition. D.Bymakingcomparisons.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”this”inparagraph3referto?A.Whatbirds’vocalizationsmean. B.Howrulesgovernhumanlanguage.C.Whatthetworecentstudiesindicate. D.Howbird’svocalizationsarecombined.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?ASharedaspectsofhumanandbirds’languages.B.Focusofmostanimalcommunicationresearch.C.Underlying,cognitiveprocessesofbirds’vocalizations.D.Insufficientknowledgeaboutbirds’communicationintentionality.【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在過去的四十年里，大量的研究表明，各種動(dòng)物都有不同的叫聲，具有特定的含義，其中人們對(duì)鳥類的叫聲傾注了大量關(guān)注和研究。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Scientistshadlongthoughtthatunlikeourwords,animalvocalizations(發(fā)聲)wereinvoluntary,renectingtheemotionalstateoftheanimalwithoutconveyinganyotherinformation.(長(zhǎng)期以來，科學(xué)家們一直認(rèn)為，與我們的語言不同，動(dòng)物的發(fā)聲是不由自主的，它再現(xiàn)了動(dòng)物的情緒狀態(tài)，而不傳達(dá)任何其他信息。)”可知，科學(xué)家們長(zhǎng)期以來對(duì)動(dòng)物發(fā)聲的看法是它們沒有表達(dá)任何有意的意思。故選D。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Manybirdspeciesusedifferentalarmcalls.(許多鳥類使用不同警報(bào)信號(hào)。)”，第二句“Japanesetits,whichnestintreeholes,haveonecallthatcausestheirbabybirdstogetdowntoavoidbeingpulledoutofthenestbycrows,andanothercallfortreesnakesthatsendsthemjumpingoutofthenestentirely.(在樹洞筑巢的日本山雀，有一種叫聲能讓它們的幼鳥下來，以免被烏鴉拉出巢外，另一種叫聲能讓它們完全跳出巢外。)”和第三句“Siberianjaysvarytheircallsdependingonwhetheranenemyisseenlookingforfoodoractivelyattacking—andeachcallgetsadifferentresponsefromothernearbybirds.(西伯利亞松鴉根據(jù)敵人是在尋找食物還是在主動(dòng)攻擊而改變它們的叫聲，而每一種叫聲都會(huì)從附近的其他鳥類那里得到不同的回應(yīng)。)”可知，第二段是通過舉例來論證觀點(diǎn)。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Tworecentstudiessuggestthattheorderofsomebirds’vocalizationsmayimpacttheirmeaning.(最近的兩項(xiàng)研究表明，一些鳥類發(fā)聲的順序可能會(huì)影響它們的意義。)”和第二句中的“couldrepresentabasicformoftherulesgoverningtheorderandcombinationofwordsandelementsinhumanlanguageknownassyntax(句法),asillustratedbytheclassic“dogbitesman”vs.“manbitesdog”example(可能代表了一種基本形式的規(guī)則，即控制人類語言中單詞和元素的順序和組合，即語法，如經(jīng)典的“狗咬人”和“人咬狗”的例子所示)”可知，this指代的是鳥的叫聲的組合方式。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Evenifsomebirdssharebasicaspectsofhumanlanguage,westillknowverylittleaboutwhat’sactuallygoingonintheirminds.(即使一些鳥類分享人類語言的基本方面，我們?nèi)匀粚?duì)它們的思想知之甚少。)”和最后一句“Determiningiftheunderlyingcognitive(認(rèn)知的)processesdrivingthebehaviorarealsosimilarismuchmorechallenging,asattheheartofthisquestionisintentionality:Areanimalsmerelyreactingtotheirenvironment,ordotheyintendtoconveyinformationtooneanother?(確定驅(qū)動(dòng)行為的潛在認(rèn)知過程是否相似則更具挑戰(zhàn)性，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)問題的核心是意向性；動(dòng)物僅僅是對(duì)環(huán)境做出反應(yīng)，還是它們有意向彼此傳遞信息？)”可知，最后一段主要是講對(duì)鳥類的交流意向認(rèn)識(shí)的不足。故選D。DImagineaniPadthat’smorethanjustaniPad—withasurfacethatcanchangeshapes,potentiallyallowingyoutodraw3Ddesignsandevenholdyourpartner’shandfromanoceanaway.That’sthevisionofateamofengineersfromtheUniversityofColorado

Boulder.Inanewstudy,they’vecreatedaone-of-a-kindshape-shiftingdisplaythatfitsonacardtable.Thedeviceismadefroma10-by-10grid(網(wǎng)格)ofsoftrobotic“muscles”thatcansenseoutsidepressureandpopuptocreatepatterns.Itmayalsodeliversomethingevenrarer:thesenseoftouchinadigitalage.Thegroup’sinnovationbuildsoffaclassofsoftrobotspioneeredbyateamledbyChristophKeplinger,formerlyanassistantprofessorofmechanicalengineeringatCUBoulder.Theoriginalmodelisn’treadyforthemarketyet,buttheresearchersenvisionthat,oneday,similartechnologiescouldleadtosensoryglovesforvirtualgamingorasmartconveyorbeltthatcansortdifferentitemslikeselectingapplesfrombananas.Theprojecthasitsoriginsinthesearchforadifferentkindoftechnology:artificialorgans.In2017,researchersledbyMarkRentschler,professorofmechanicalengineeringandbiomedicalengineering,weredevelopingwhattheycalledsTISSUE—softorgansthatbehaveandfeellikerealhumanbodypartsbutaremadeentirelyoutofsilicone-likematerials.“Youcouldusetheseartificialorganstohelpdevelopmedicaldevicesorsurgicalrobotictoolsformuchlesscostthanusingrealanimaltissue,”saidRentschler,aco-authorofthenewstudy.Indevelopingthattechnology,however,theteamlandedontheideaofatabletopdisplay.

Ifyoupassanelectriccurrentthroughtheactuators(執(zhí)行器),thesurfacewillchangeshapeandjumpup.

Theactuatorsalsoincludesoft,magneticsensorsthatcandetectthepressurewhenyoupushthem,whichallowsforsomefunactivities.Otherresearchteamshavedevelopedsimilarsmarttablets,buttheCUBoulderdisplayissofter,takesupalotlessroomandismuchshifter:eachofitsroboticmusclescanactivateasmuchas50timespersecond.

Thegroupisalsoworkingtodesignaglovethatallowsyouto“feel”objectsinvirtualreality.12.Whatisabigfeatureofthenewdisplay?ATheflexibilityofitsshape. B.Itsquickresponsetoinstructions.C.Itsgoodsenseoftheenvironment. D.Thegreatstrengthofitsroboticmuscles.13.Whatisapossibleapplicationofsimilartechnologies?A.Thesystemtopickhigh-qualityfruits. B.Roboticoperationinmedicalsurgeries.C.Touchsensoryfunctioninvirtualreality. D.Real-timemonitoringofenvironmentalconditions.14.Whyisthedevelopmentofartificialorgansmentioned?A.TointroducesTISSUEtothepublic. B.Tostresstheadvantageofsoftmaterials.C.Tohighlighttheirimpactonmedicalresearch. D.Toexplaintheinspirationforthenewdisplay.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shifter”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Clearer. B.Faster. C.Smoother. D.Lighter.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種可變形顯示器，該設(shè)備由一個(gè)10×10網(wǎng)格的柔軟機(jī)器人“肌肉”組成，可以感知外部壓力并彈出圖案。它還可能帶來更罕見的東西：數(shù)字時(shí)代的觸覺。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Inanewstudy,they’vecreatedaone-of-a-kindshape-shiftingdisplaythatfitsonacardtable.(在一項(xiàng)新的研究中，他們創(chuàng)造了一種獨(dú)一無二的可變形顯示器，可以放在牌桌上)”可知，新顯示屏的一大特點(diǎn)是形狀的靈活性。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theoriginalmodelisn’treadyforthemarketyet,buttheresearchersenvisionthat,oneday,similartechnologiescouldleadtosensoryglovesforvirtualgamingorasmartconveyorbeltthatcansortdifferentitemslikeselectingapplesfrombananas.(最初的模型還沒有準(zhǔn)備好上市，但研究人員設(shè)想，有一天，類似的技術(shù)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致虛擬游戲的感官手套或智能傳送帶，可以對(duì)不同的物品進(jìn)行分類，比如從香蕉中挑選蘋果)”可知，類似技術(shù)的可能應(yīng)用是虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)中的觸覺感知功能。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theprojecthasitsoriginsinthesearchforadifferentkindoftechnology:artificialorgans.In2017,researchersledbyMarkRentschler,professorofmechanicalengineeringandbiomedicalengineering,weredevelopingwhattheycalledsTISSUE—softorgansthatbehaveandfeellikerealhumanbodypartsbutaremadeentirelyoutofsilicone-likematerials.(該項(xiàng)目源于對(duì)另一種技術(shù)的探索：人造器官。2017年，由機(jī)械工程和生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程教授馬克·倫奇勒領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員正在開發(fā)他們所謂的stissue——軟器官，其行為和感覺都像真正的人體部位，但完全由類似硅的材料制成)”可知，提到了人造器官的發(fā)展是為了解釋新展示的靈感。故選D?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“eachofitsroboticmusclescanactivateasmuchas50timespersecond”可知，它的每個(gè)機(jī)器人肌肉每秒可以激活多達(dá)50次，可見更迅速、更快了。故劃線詞意思是“更快”。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Youcanbehurtbyotherpeopleinlife.Thatisafact.Andsomeofthosehurtscanevenleavescarsthataffecthowyouthink,actandrelatetoothers.___16___Withdrawintoashell,hideinacave,andisolate(孤立)yourselffromothers.Definitelynot.Youcanmakeadifferentchoicetomakepainfulcircumstancesdirectyoutoanewpath.Rememberyoucan’tpleaseeverysinglepersonespeciallyacriticalone.___17___Someareprayingforrain,whileothersareprayingforsunshine.Youshouldn’tbereplayinghurtfulstatementsmadetoyou.Additionally,it’sfoolishtoattemptwhatisimpossible.___18___Weliveinasocietywherewedon’tgetawholelotofapproval.Itisnotwiseofyoutodoallsortsofcrazythingstryingtowinasmilefromsomepeopletoocoldtoevergiveit.Sorefusetoplaythegame.Don’twasteanyenergytryingtoconvinceunpleasable,disapprovingpeoplethatyouareagreatperson.___19___Refusetofightback.Whenwearehurt,theinstantreactionistofightback.___20___Instead,youcanprayfortheotherperson.Itwillhelpbothofyou.Beanactor,notareactor.Itcannotbedeniedthatdealingwithotherpeopleeffectivelyisoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucanlearninlife.Afteryou’vemasteredthatyou’reabout95percentdowntheroadtofindinghappiness.A.Noonecandothat.B.Chooseemotionallyhealthyfriends.C.Also,thedeepestwoundsarecausedbyrejection.D.Realizethatyoudon’tneedothers’approvaltobehappy.E.Youshouldfirmlybelieveyouarehappyasyouchoosetobe.F.Thenhowdoyouhandlethepeoplewhosendyouintodepression?G.However,strikingbackonlylowersyoutotheopponent’slevelofimmaturity.【答案】16.F17.A18.D19.E20.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。生活中我們可能會(huì)被其他人傷害。其中一些傷害甚至?xí)粝聜蹋绊懳覀兊南敕?、行為和與他人的關(guān)系。本文提出了一些適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉砻鎸?duì)和處理可能會(huì)遇到或已經(jīng)遇到的傷害?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Youcanbehurtbyotherpeopleinlife.Thatisafact.Andsomeofthosehurtscanevenleavescarsthataffecthowyouthink,actandrelatetoothers.(生活中你可能會(huì)被其他人傷害。這是事實(shí)。其中一些傷害甚至?xí)粝聜蹋绊懩愕南敕?、行為和與他人的關(guān)系。)”可知我們?cè)谏钪锌赡軙?huì)受到其他人的傷害，結(jié)合下文“Withdrawintoashell,hideinacave,andisolate(孤立)yourselffromothers.Definitelynot.(躲進(jìn)一個(gè)殼里，躲進(jìn)一個(gè)洞里，把自己和別人隔離開來。絕對(duì)不要。)”可知此處列舉了一些應(yīng)對(duì)傷害的方法，并且否定了這些方法，由此可知，空處應(yīng)提問“那么你如何處理那些讓你陷入抑郁的人呢?”，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合文意，故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上一句“Rememberyoucan’tpleaseeverysinglepersonespeciallyacriticalone.(記住，你不可能取悅每一個(gè)人，尤其是那些挑剔的人。)”結(jié)合下一句“Someareprayingforrain,whileothersareprayingforsunshine.(一些人在祈求下雨，而另一些人在祈求陽光。)”可知取悅所有人是不可能的，所以A項(xiàng)“沒人能做到?！边m合放在本空，承上啟下，故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Weliveinasocietywherewedon’tgetawholelotofapproval.Itisnotwiseofyoutodoallsortsofcrazythingstryingtowinasmilefromsomepeopletoocoldtoevergiveit.(我們生活在一個(gè)沒有得到太多認(rèn)可的社會(huì)。你做各種瘋狂的事情去贏得那些冷漠的人的微笑是不明智的。)”可知此處表達(dá)我們不需要努力到去獲得所有人的認(rèn)可，D項(xiàng)“要知道，你并不需要?jiǎng)e人的認(rèn)可才能快樂?！狈衔囊猓蔬xD項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Don’twasteanyenergytryingtoconvinceunpleasable,disapprovingpeoplethatyouareagreatperson.(不要浪費(fèi)精力去說服那些不喜歡你、不贊成你的人，你是一個(gè)很棒的人。)”結(jié)合第三小題答案D選項(xiàng)即本段的主旨“要知道，你并不需要?jiǎng)e人的認(rèn)可才能快樂。”可知，我們可以自己選擇快樂的方式，成為快樂的人。所以E項(xiàng)“你應(yīng)該堅(jiān)定地相信，你是快樂的，因?yàn)槟氵x擇了快樂?！狈衔囊?，故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段第一句“Refusetofightback.(拒絕反擊。)”可知本段的主旨是建議我們不要反擊，結(jié)合下文“Instead,youcanprayfortheotherperson.Itwillhelpbothofyou.Beanactor,notareactor.(相反，你可以為對(duì)方祈禱。這對(duì)你們倆都有好處。做一個(gè)行動(dòng)者，而不是一個(gè)回應(yīng)者。)”可知，在我們的第一反應(yīng)想要回?fù)舻臅r(shí)候只會(huì)把我們變得和對(duì)手一樣不成熟，并沒有任何好處，所以G項(xiàng)“然而，反擊只會(huì)把你降低到對(duì)手的不成熟水平。”符合文意，內(nèi)容承上啟下并且符合本段的主旨，短語strikingback對(duì)應(yīng)主題句中的fightback，故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Inthesummerof2018,Idecidedtodoasoloexpedition(獨(dú)自探險(xiǎn))acrossAntarctica.Togetsome____21____,Ididatwo-weektrainingcourse.Ilearnedallthe____22____:howtocampinthesnow,howtopullasledandwhatclothingtowear.InOctober,IflewtoAntarcticafromPuntaArenas.I’dallowed70days,whichwouldmakeitthelongest____23____one-wayexpeditionacrossAntarcticaIonlytook____24____.Ididn’teventakeahairbrush.Thefirstfewdayswere____25____.Thewindswereabout60mph,andmysledweighed120kg.Evenifthevisibilityisgood,youcan’t____26____much—it’sawhitehorizon.Iwasonthemovefor13to15hoursaday.Then,Ifoundtheconditionstobemuchworse.Therewasmoresastrugi(雪脊)anditfeltcolder.Thelast40hourswerereallyhard.I____27____about14timeseverytwohours.Asaresult,Ifellbehind____28____.Intheend,I____29____922milesandfellmorethan100milesshortofmygoal.Towardstheendofmytrip,ahelicopterflewtopickmeup.The____30____IfeltwhenIsawthedotinthedistancewasunbelievable.Ittookmeawhiletobe____31____ofwhatI’dachieved,becauseIhadfailedtoreachmy____32____goal,butI’velearnedit’s____33____tomovethegoalposts.Idon’tagreewiththeideaofconquering(征服)somewhere.Youtreatplaceswith____34____andhopethey’llallowyou____35____passage.21.A.donation B.experience C.attention D.rescue22.A.basics B.risks C.benefits D.aids23.A.cooperative B.romantic C.unsupported D.abnormal24.A.companions B.necessities C.cashes D.credits25.A.pleasant B.calm C.tough D.lucky26.A.talk B.hear C.feel D.see27.A.fellover B.droppedout C.lookedaway D.putup28.A.fundraising B.supply C.schedule D.homework29.A.measured B.designed C.searched D.covered30.A.burden B.relief C.pain D.anxiety31.A.proud B.skeptical C.shy D.ashamed32.A.insignificant B.unbearable C.disturbing D.initial33.A.regrettable B.unnecessary C.acceptable D.inappropriate34.A.respect B.courage C.carelessness D.coldness35.A.narrow B.safe C.limited D.challenging【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.C26.D27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.D33.C34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者2018年穿越南極洲的單人探險(xiǎn)，一路上遇到了很多困難，雖然最后沒有達(dá)到最初的目標(biāo)，但作者還是為自己感到驕傲。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了獲得一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我參加了一個(gè)為期兩周的培訓(xùn)課程。A.donation捐贈(zèng)；B.experience經(jīng)歷；C.attention注意力；D.rescue救援。根據(jù)后文“Ididatwo-weektrainingcourse”可知，參加培訓(xùn)課程是為了獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我學(xué)會(huì)了所有的基本知識(shí)：如何在雪地里露營(yíng)，如何拉雪橇以及穿什么衣服。A.basics基礎(chǔ)；B.risks風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；C.benefits利益；D.aids幫助。后文“howtocampinthesnow,howtopullasledandwhatclothingtowear”是作者學(xué)到的基本知識(shí)。故選A。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我安排了70天的時(shí)間，這將使它成為穿越南極洲最長(zhǎng)的無支持的單程探險(xiǎn)A.cooperative合作的；B.romantic浪漫的；C.unsupported無支持的；D.abnormal反常的。呼應(yīng)上文“doasoloexpedition”作者是獨(dú)自去的，所以無支持。故選C。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我只帶了必需品。A.companions同伴；B.necessities必需品；C.cashes現(xiàn)金；D.credits信用。根據(jù)后文“Ididn’teventakeahairbrush.(我甚至都沒帶梳子)”可知，作者只帶了必需品上路。故選B。25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最初的幾天很難熬。A.pleasant令人愉快的；B.calm平靜的；C.tough艱難的；D.lucky幸運(yùn)的。根據(jù)后文“Thewindswereabout60mph,andmysledweighed120kg.(風(fēng)速約為每小時(shí)60英里，我的雪橇重達(dá)120公斤)”可知，一開始很困難，風(fēng)速約為每小時(shí)60英里，雪橇重達(dá)120公斤。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：即使能見度很好，你也看不見很多東西——這是一片白色的地平線。A.talk談話；B.hear聽見；C.feel感覺；D.see看見。上文“Evenifthevisibilityisgood”提到了能見度，對(duì)應(yīng)的是看到東西，故選D。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我每?jī)蓚€(gè)小時(shí)摔倒14次。A.fellover摔倒；B.droppedout輟學(xué)；C.lookedaway轉(zhuǎn)移目光；D.putup放置。上文“Then,Ifoundtheconditionstobemuchworse.”提到了情況更糟糕了，結(jié)合上文提到風(fēng)速大，視野差，說明作者經(jīng)常摔倒，選項(xiàng)中fellover符合語境。故選A。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果，我落后于計(jì)劃。A.fundraising資金籌集；B.supply供給量；C.schedule計(jì)劃；D.homework家庭作業(yè)。根據(jù)后文“fellmorethan100milesshortofmygoal”可知，作者落后于計(jì)劃了。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，我走了922英里，離我的目標(biāo)還差100多英里。A.measured測(cè)量；B.designed設(shè)計(jì)；C.searched搜索；D.covered覆蓋，行走。根據(jù)后文“922miles”表示走了多少距離，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞cover。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我看到遠(yuǎn)處的那個(gè)點(diǎn)時(shí)，我感到難以置信的寬慰。A.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；B.relief安慰；C.pain痛苦；D.anxiety焦慮。根據(jù)后文“IfeltwhenIsawthedotinthedistancewasunbelievable”可知，作者到達(dá)了終點(diǎn)，所以是感到寬慰。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我花了一段時(shí)間才為我所取得的成就感到自豪，因?yàn)槲覜]有達(dá)到我最初的目標(biāo)，但我知道改變目標(biāo)是可以接受的。A.proud驕傲的；B.skeptical懷疑的；C.shy害羞的；D.ashamed羞愧的。根據(jù)后文“ofwhatI’dachieved”指為取得的成就感到自豪，應(yīng)用beproudof。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我花了一段時(shí)間才為我所取得的成就感到自豪，因?yàn)槲覜]有達(dá)到我最初的目標(biāo)，但我知道改變目標(biāo)是可以接受的。A.insignificant不重要的；B.unbearable難以忍受的；C.disturbing令人不安的；D.initial最初的。根據(jù)上文“becauseIhadfailedtoreachmy”以及后文提到了改變目標(biāo)可以接受，說明作者沒能達(dá)到最初的目標(biāo)。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我花了一段時(shí)間才為我所取得的成就感到自豪，因?yàn)槲覜]有達(dá)到我最初的目標(biāo)，但我知道改變目標(biāo)是可以接受的。A.regrettable后悔的；B.unnecessary不必要的；C.acceptable可接受的；D.inappropriate不合適的。上文“ Ittookmeawhiletobe

11ofwhatI’dachieved,becauseIhadfailedtoreachmy

12goal,butI’velearnedit’s”中but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明雖然沒有達(dá)到最初目標(biāo)，但指導(dǎo)改變目標(biāo)也是可以接受的。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你以尊重的態(tài)度對(duì)待每個(gè)地方，希望它們能讓你安全通行。A.respect尊重；B.courage勇氣；C.carelessness粗心；D.coldness寒冷。根據(jù)上文“Idon’tagreewiththeideaofconqueringsomewhere.(我不同意征服某個(gè)地方的想法)”可知，作者認(rèn)為要尊重對(duì)待每個(gè)地方。故選A。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：你以尊重的態(tài)度對(duì)待每個(gè)地方，希望它們能讓你安全通行。A.narrow狹窄的；B.safe安全的；C.limited有限的；D.challenging挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據(jù)上文“hopethey’llallowyou”指尊重每一個(gè)地方，他們才能讓你安全通行。故選B。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ChinahasscaleduppolicytoprotectandrestoretheenvironmentaroundtheYangtzeRiver,putting___36___placemeasurestotreatindustrialandagriculturalpollutantsandprotectgrasslandsandwetlands.Apolicydocumentjointly___37___(release)by17centralgovernmentdepartmentspromisestoprioritizeeffortswithmeasures___38___(comprehensive)exhibitingtheconservationoftheYangtzeRiverBasinarea.Thepolicydocumentfollowsa10-yearfishingbanintheYangtzeenactedbythegovernmentin2020inresponseto___39___(decline)biodiversity.DespiteimprovementstotheYangtze’swaterquality,theriseofnon-pointsourcepollution___40___(emerge)asamajorprobleminrecentyears.Thedocumentstressestheneedforasystemicapproach,___41___willrequiretheestablishmentoflong-termmechanismstopreventthereturnofpollutedwaterbodies.Thetreatmentofpollutionisanotherpriority,asthegovernmentlookstoinstalltightercontrolsoverpollutantsdischargedbychemicalfactoriesandpromote___42___(high)efficiencyintheuseoffertilizersandpesticides.___43___(restore)thediversityofaquaticlifeintheYangtze,thedocumentsaysthatthecountrywillestablishamonitoringsystemforendangeredanimalsandmake___44___actionplantosavethemandthatmorework____45____(do)toenhancetheconnectivityofrivers.【答案】36.in37.released38.comprehensively39.declining40.hasemerged41.which42.higher43.Torestore44.an45.willbedone【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國加大了保護(hù)和修復(fù)長(zhǎng)江流域環(huán)境的政策力度，采取措施治理工農(nóng)業(yè)污染物，保護(hù)草地和濕地。【36題詳解】考查介詞。句意：中國加大了保護(hù)和恢復(fù)長(zhǎng)江周邊環(huán)境的政策力度，采取了一系列措施來治理工農(nóng)業(yè)污染物，保護(hù)草原和濕地。分析句子可知，空格處構(gòu)成固定短語putsthinplace=putinplacesth表示“實(shí)施，實(shí)現(xiàn)，把……放到合適的位置”。故填in。【37題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：由17個(gè)中央政府部門聯(lián)合發(fā)布的一份政策文件承諾，將優(yōu)先采取措施，