備考2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提能第一部分過透教材Unit3SeaExploration新人教版選擇性必修第四冊

Unit3SeaExploration一、閱讀理解AOneoftheocean’snoisiestcreaturesissmallerthanyou’dexpect—snappingshrimp（鼓蝦）.Theycreateawidespreadbackgroundnoiseintheunderwaterenvironment，whichhelpsthemcommunicate，defendterritoriesandhuntforfood.Whenenoughshrimpsnap（發(fā)出噼啪聲）atonce，thenoisecandominatethesoundscapeofcoastalwaters.AranMooney，abiologistatWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution，suggestedthatwithincreasedoceantemperatures，snappingshrimpwillsnapmoreoftenandlouderthanbefore.Thiscouldraisethebackgroundnoiseoftheglobalocean."Theymakeasoundbyclosingaclawsofast.Thismakesabubble（泡泡）andwhenthatbubbleexplodes，itmakesthatsnappingsound，"saidMooney.Mooneydetectedastrongrelationshipbetweenwarmerwatersanddeafening，morefrequentsnappingshrimpsoundsbyexperimentingwiththeshrimpintanksinthelabandbylisteningtotheshrimpintheoceanatvariouswatertemperatures."Asthetemperaturerises，thesnaprateincreases，"hesaid.Thismakessensebecauseshrimpareessentiallycold-bloodedanimals，meaningtheirbodytemperatureandactivitylevelsarelargelycontrolledbytheirlivingenvironment."Wecanactuallyshowinthefieldthatnotonlydosnapratesincrease，butthesoundlevelsincreaseaswell，"hesaid.Howtheloudersnappingshrimpwouldbotherorbenefitthesurroundingsremainedtobeseen."Weknowthatfishusesoundtocommunicate，"Mooneysaid."Iftheenvironmentgetsnoisy，ithasthepotentialtoinfluencethatcommunication.That’ssomethingwehavetofollowupon."Thereisalsothepossibilitythatthechangeofsnappingshrimpdisturbsinstrumentshumansusetodetectmines，whichcouldhaveimplicationsfornationaldefense.本文是說明文。鼓蝦是一種體型很小卻能發(fā)出很大聲音的海洋生物，隨著氣候變暖及海水升溫，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音也日益增大，這可能會(huì)影響其他海洋生物和人類。1.Whatcanweknowaboutthesnappingshrimp’ssound？A.Ithasmultipleuses.B.Itisvitaltotheecosystem.C.Itishardtobedetected.D.Itaimstoprotecttheshrimp.解析A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"Theycreateawidespreadbackgroundnoise...whichhelpsthemcommunicate，defendterritoriesandhuntforfood"可知，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音有助于它們交流、保衛(wèi)領(lǐng)土和尋找食物，即其聲音有多種作用，故本題選A。2.HowdoesMooneyreachtheconclusion？A.Byobservingsnappingshrimpinthefield.B.Byrecordingsnapratesinthelab.C.Byanalyzingthewayshrimpmakenoise.D.Bycomparingshrimp’ssoundindifferentplaces.解析D推理判斷題。由第三段的"Mooneydetectedastrongrelationshipbetweenwarmerwaters...tanksinthelabandbylisteningtotheshrimpintheoceanatvariouswatertemperatures"可知，Mooney通過實(shí)驗(yàn)室的水箱用鼓蝦做實(shí)驗(yàn)，并聽海洋中各種水溫里的鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音，發(fā)現(xiàn)了溫暖的水域與震耳欲聾、更頻繁的鼓蝦聲之間的密切關(guān)系，即他通過對(duì)比不同地點(diǎn)鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音得出了結(jié)論，所以本題選D。3.WhatmightMooneyresearchnext？A.Applicationsofshrimp’ssound.B.Impactsofthenoiseonothercreatures.C.Meansofcommunicationamongfish.D.Methodsofpreventingshrimp’ssnapping.解析B推理判斷題。最后一段提到吵鬧的鼓蝦會(huì)如何干擾或有益于周圍環(huán)境還有待觀察。如果環(huán)境變得嘈雜，它有可能影響魚類之間的交流，Mooney認(rèn)為這是他們必須跟進(jìn)的研究。還有一種可能性是，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音變大會(huì)干擾人類用來探測水雷的儀器。由此可推斷，Mooney接下來可能會(huì)研究鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音對(duì)其他生物的影響，故本題選B。4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext？A.UnderwaterWorldIsNoLongerQuietB.SmallAnimalsMakeaBigDifferenceC.WarmingOceansAreGettingLouderD.SnappingShrimp’sNoiseSpeaksMuch解析C標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了隨著氣候變暖及海水溫度升高，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音也日益增大，發(fā)出聲音的頻率也增加，這可能會(huì)影響其他海洋生物和人類。C項(xiàng)"變暖的海洋變得更吵鬧"形象貼切地總結(jié)了文章內(nèi)容，做本文的標(biāo)題最佳。B[2023河南名校聯(lián)考]Scientistshavediscoveredwhattheybelieveistheworld’slargestplant，anunderwaterfieldofseagrassthatstretchesfor112milesoffthewestcoastofAustralia.Thishugemeadow（草地）hasspreadwidelyallthroughSharkBay.Theseagrassplantisbelievedtobearound4，500yearsold.Manyplantscreatenewplantsbygrowingflowersandspreadingseeds.TheDNAoftheplantsthatgrowfromtheseseedsisslightlydifferentfromtheDNAoftheplantsthattheseedscamefrom.BycomparingtheDNAfromtheirsamples，thescientistshopedtogetanideaofhowmanydifferentseagrassplantstherewereinthemeadow.Whattheylearnedshockedthem—allofthegrasssampleshadalmostexactlythesameDNA.Thatmeantthattheywerealljustoneplant，onebigseagrassplantspreadingoutover77squaremiles.Thismakesitthelargestknownplantintheworldbyfar.SohowhastheSharkBayseagrassgrownsolarge？Insteadofspreadingwithflowersandseeds，itspreadsbycloning（克?。﹊tself.Asitsrootsspreadoutundertheseafloor，newplantsshootupfromthoseroots.TheseagrassinSharkBayisalsounusualinanotherway.It’sa"polyploid".Usually，anorganism（有機(jī)體）hastwoparents，andgetshalfofitsDNAfromeach.ButpolyploidorganismshavealloftheDNAfrombothparents，meaningtheyhavetwiceasmuchDNA.ThescientiststhinktheextraDNAmaymakeiteasierfortheseagrasstosurviveindifficultconditions.TheSharkBayseagrassgenerallygrowsandspreadsabout14inchesayear.BecauseofthehistoryofSharkBayandtherateofgrowth，thescientistsbelievethattheplantisabout4，500yearsold.本文是一篇說明文。科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們認(rèn)為世界上最大的植物：澳大利亞西海岸綿延1.12英里的一片水下海草田。這片巨大的草地遍布鯊魚灣。這種海草被認(rèn)為大約有4500年的歷史。1.WhydidthescientistscomparetheDNAoftheseaplants？A.Tofindwaystoprotectseaplants.B.Todiscoverthediversityofseaplants.C.Toidentifytheoldestplantsinthesea.D.Toexploretheunknownoceanresources.解析B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句"BycomparingtheDNAfromtheirsamples，thescientistshopedtogetanideaofhowmanydifferentseagrassplantstherewereinthemeadow"可知，科學(xué)家比較海洋植物的DNA是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋植物的多樣性，故選B。2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheseagrassinSharkBay？A.ItsDNAcannotbecloned.B.Itbloomsandbearsmanyseeds.C.Itsrootsareaconnectedwhole.D.Itisthefastestgrowinggrassintheworld.解析C推理判斷題。由第四段最后一句"Asitsrootsspreadoutundertheseafloor，newplantsshootupfromthoseroots"可推知，鯊魚灣的海草的根是一個(gè)相連的整體，故選C。3.Whatisoneoftheadvantagesofpolyploidorganisms？A.Gainingtheabilitytogrowbigger.B.Gettingpartsoftheparents’DNA.C.Havinganadvantageoveranyotherseaplant.D.Beingmoreadaptabletotoughconditions.解析D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段最后一句"ThescientiststhinktheextraDNAmaymakeiteasierfortheseagrasstosurviveindifficultconditions"可知，多倍體生物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一是更能適應(yīng)惡劣的環(huán)境，故選D。4.Whatisthemainideaofthistext？A.Geneticchangesinseagrass.B.Theecologicalstatusoftheseafloor.C.Scientistsfoundworld’slargestplant.D.Newunderwatergrassisdiscovered.解析C主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，第一段第一句"Scientistshavediscoveredwhattheybelieveistheworld’slargestplant，anunderwaterfieldofseagrassthatstretchesfor1.12milesoffthewestcoastofAustralia"為文章的主題句，下面內(nèi)容是圍繞該句展開的，由此可知，C項(xiàng)切題。二、完形填空Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottlenosedolphins.Thedolphinspushschoolsoffishinthe1oftheshoreandthenjumpoutofthewater，2tothefishermentorapidlycastouttheirnets.Thefishermenmakealargecatch，and3，thedolphinslookaroundforthefishthathavemissedthefishingnets—aquickandeasymeal！Thisdolphin-human4isespeciallyunique，becauseitis5tobothhumansanddolphins.Accordingtoastudy6withunderwatersoundrecordings，dolphinsoccupiedwiththisrelationshipwithhumansare13％morelikelyto7inthewild.Thisisbecausetheystayneartheshoresoftheoceanandarelesslikelytobe8whenfishingnetsarethrownintotheopenocean.InLaguna，fishingwithfellowdolphinshasbecomea（n）9inmanyfamilies，thoughthedolphinsarenot10trainedforthispurpose.Fromtheir11，fishermenpassontheirknowledgetotheirchildren，teachingthemto12withtheirpartnersthroughclickingnoisesandhowtodistinguishdolphinbehaviors.Interestingly，thisisnotthefirsttimehumansandotherspeciesofanimalshave13tohuntforfoodtogether.InAfrica，thehoneyguides，asmallbirdspeciesthat14onbeeswax，uselargenoisesandcallstocommunicate，leadinghumanstotreeswherebees’nestsare15.Researchershopethatfuturegenerationswillbeabletocarryonthisspecialtradition.本文主要介紹了巴西Laguna的漁民和海豚合作捕魚的共生現(xiàn)象。1.A.form B.centerC.direction D.position解析C海豚把成群的魚向海岸的方向（direction）驅(qū)趕，然后跳出水面，示意漁民們快速撒下他們的網(wǎng)，故選C。2.A.reporting B.promisingC.answering D.signaling解析D參見上題解析。signal示意，發(fā)出信號(hào)。3.A.inreturn B.inbalanceC.inbrief D.inadvance解析A漁民們捕獲了大量的魚，作為回報(bào)（inreturn），海豚四處尋找漏網(wǎng)的魚——一頓容易且快捷的飯。4.A.interaction B.interruptionC.instruction D.education解析A由第一段"Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottlenosedolphins"以及第二段的具體描述可知，此處指的是海豚和人類的互助合作關(guān)系，故選A。5.A.restricted B.beneficialC.dangerous D.challenging解析B這種海豚和人類的互助合作是獨(dú)一無二的，因?yàn)檫@是對(duì)人類和海豚都有益的（beneficial）事情，故選B。restricted受限制的，dangerous危險(xiǎn)的，challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的。6.A.designed B.conductedC.prepared D.observed解析B根據(jù)一項(xiàng)用水下錄音進(jìn)行（conducted）的研究，忙于與人類互助的海豚在野外活下來的可能性增加了百分之十三，故選B。design設(shè)計(jì)，prepare準(zhǔn)備，observe觀察。7.A.survive B.developC.suffer D.exist解析A參見上題解析。survive幸存。8.A.doubted B.controlledC.harmed D.shocked解析C這是因?yàn)樗鼈兇诤０陡浇?dāng)漁網(wǎng)被扔進(jìn)海洋里時(shí)被傷害（harmed）到的可能性更小，故選C。9.A.fashion B.traditionC.information D.impression解析B由第一段"Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottlenosedolphins"以及文章最后一句"Researchershopethatfuturegenerationswillbeabletocarryonthisspecialtradition"可知，這已經(jīng)成了很多家庭的傳統(tǒng)，故選B。10.A.cautiously B.carefullyC.thoughtfully D.intentionally解析D在Laguna，與海豚共同捕魚已經(jīng)成了很多家庭的傳統(tǒng)，雖然這些海豚并不是為了這個(gè)目的而刻意（intentionally）訓(xùn)練的，故選D。cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地，carefully認(rèn)真地，thoughtfully考慮周全地。11.A.movement B.scheduleC.experience D.imagination解析C根據(jù)他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)（experience），漁民們把他們的知識(shí)傳遞給他們的孩子，教他們通過滴答聲與他們的搭檔交流并教他們?nèi)绾螀^(qū)分海豚的行為，故選C。movement運(yùn)動(dòng)，schedule時(shí)間表，imagination想象。12.A.connect B.contactC.communicate D.mix解析C參見上題解析。13.A.approached B.competedC.separated D.cooperated解析D有趣的是，這并非人類與動(dòng)物首次合作捕食，故選D。approach靠近，compete比賽，separate隔開。14.A.feed B.workC.operate D.look解析A在非洲，響蜜鳥，一種以蜂蠟為食的小鳥，用大量的噪音和叫聲來與人交流，帶著人們找到有隱藏蜂巢的樹。feed表示"以……為食"，符合語境。15.A.exposed B.hiddenC.broken D.furnished解析B參見上題解析。hide隱藏。三、語法填空[2023浙江溫州三模]InspiredbytheworkofWilliamBeebe，Dr.SylviaEarlebeganherworkasanoceanographeratanearlyagewhenshe1（knock）offherfeetbyawave.Shewasfascinatedbytheoceananditscreatures.Althoughshestruggled2（balance）herstudiesandfamily，EarleearnedherPhDfromDukeUniversity，becomingwell-knowninthemarinesciencecommunity.Earlyinhercareerandwhileshewasfour3（month）pregnant，Earletraveled30.5mbelowthesurfaceinasubmersible.Herexperienceof4（live）inanunderwatermarinehabitatearnedhercelebritystatusinthescientificcommunity.Withtheexperience，Earledevelopedaninterest5deep-seaexploration，andin1979shebroke6recordfordeep-seadiv