Module9Unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)

教材語(yǔ)境

I'm

preparing

a

report

called

"The

world's

population"（過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾a

report）.

我正在準(zhǔn)備一篇題為"世界人口"的報(bào)告。（教材P72）&1&

prepare/pr??pe?/

v.

準(zhǔn)備；預(yù)備&2&

&3&

此處作及物動(dòng)詞

，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。其名詞形式為preparation。常見(jiàn)用法：prepare

sth.

準(zhǔn)備某物prepare

to

do

sth.

準(zhǔn)備做某事prepare...for...

為……準(zhǔn)備……prepare

for

sth.

為某事/物做準(zhǔn)備They

begin

to

prepare

yangge

even

a

month

before

the

Chinese

New

Year.

他們甚至在新年前一個(gè)月就開(kāi)始準(zhǔn)備秧歌表演。（選自長(zhǎng)沙中考）My

mother

prepared

to

make

dumplings

for

dinner.

我母親準(zhǔn)備包晚飯要吃的餃子。He

didn't

like

having

to

stay

up

to

prepare

things

for

the

next

day.

他不喜歡被迫熬夜準(zhǔn)備第二天的東西。（選自包頭中考）Prepare

for

the

worst,

hope

for

the

best,

and

be

unsurprised

by

everything

in

between.

做好最壞的打算，期望最好的結(jié)果，不要對(duì)介于兩者之間的一切感到驚訝。（選自山西中考）典例1

(貴港中考)—What

is

Tom

doing?—He

is

___

the

English

speech

in

the

hall.BA.paying

for

B.preparing

for

C.caring

for

D.looking

for【解析】句意：——湯姆在干什么？——他正在大廳里準(zhǔn)備英語(yǔ)演講。pay

for"為……付款"；prepare

for"為……做準(zhǔn)備"；care

for"照料，照顧"；look

for"尋找"。由空后的"the

English

speech"可知，B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。&4&

report/r??p??t/

n.

報(bào)告；匯報(bào)&5&

此處作名詞，常用短語(yǔ):make/give

a

report"作報(bào)告"。（2）作動(dòng)詞，意為"報(bào)告；報(bào)道"。常用句式：It's

reported

that..."據(jù)報(bào)道……"。reporter作名詞，意為"記者，通訊員"。We

want

to

report

the

news

as

soon

as

possible.我們想要盡快報(bào)道這則新聞。It's

reported

that

many

people

die

of

traffic

accidents

each

year.據(jù)報(bào)道，每年有很多人死于交通事故。My

aunt

is

a

reporter

from

China

Daily.

我姑姑是《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》的一名記者。教材語(yǔ)境

It

said

the

world's

population

was

about

billion

in

2020.

視頻上說(shuō)，2020年世界人口約為78億。（教材P72）&7&

billion/?b?lj?n/

num.

十億&8&

表示具體的數(shù)字時(shí),用"基數(shù)詞+billion"表示概數(shù)時(shí),用billions

of（數(shù)十億的）There

are

more

than

seven

billion

people

living

on

this

planet.

有超過(guò)

70

億人生活在這個(gè)星球上。（選自天門中考）The

plan

will

save

billions

of

dollars

on

fuels

each

year.這個(gè)計(jì)劃將在每年的燃料開(kāi)支上省下數(shù)十億美元。教材語(yǔ)境

①The

largest

increase

in

population

will

take

place

in

India，Nigeria

and

Pakistan.

最大的人口增長(zhǎng)將發(fā)生在印度、尼日利亞和巴基斯坦。（教材P72）②When

populations

increase

too

fast，

it

can

cause

problems，such

as

too

much

traffic

and

noise.

當(dāng)人口增長(zhǎng)過(guò)快時(shí)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致諸如交通擁堵和噪聲過(guò)大等問(wèn)題。（教材P72）&11&

（1）①中的increase作名詞，其發(fā)音為/???kri?s/。常用短語(yǔ)：have

a（n）...

increase

in

"在……方面增長(zhǎng)……"。Because

of

the

great

increase

in

rainfall,

rivers

are

full

of

water.

由于降雨量大增，河里滿是水。（選自衡陽(yáng)中考）Many

cities

have

a

dramatic

increase

in

the

population

aged

over

65.

許多城市65歲以上的人口急劇增加。&9&

increase

/???kri?s/

n.

增大；增長(zhǎng)

/?n?kri?s/

v.增大；增長(zhǎng)&10&

（2）②中的increase作動(dòng)詞，其發(fā)音為/?n?kri?s/。常見(jiàn)用法：increase

by+倍數(shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)

增加了……倍/百分之……increase

to+具體數(shù)字

增加到……語(yǔ)境串記The

steel

production

increased

to

200

million

tons.

It

meant

that

the

production

increased

by

about

25%.鋼鐵產(chǎn)量增加到了兩億噸。這意味著產(chǎn)量增加了約25%。典例2

(南充中考)The

number

of

Asian

elephants

in

China

has

___

from

170

in

the

1970s

to

about

300

nowadays.DA.raised

B.reduced

C.fell

D.increased【解析】句意：中國(guó)亞洲象的數(shù)量已從20世紀(jì)70年代的170頭增長(zhǎng)到了目前的約300頭。raise"舉起，抬起"；reduce"減少"；fall"（數(shù)量）減少，下降"；increase

"增大；增長(zhǎng)"。由語(yǔ)境可知此處應(yīng)用increased，選D。&12&

cause/k??z/

v.

造成；引起&13&

&14&

常用結(jié)構(gòu)：Rethinking

about

your

hurt

gives

power

to

the

person

who

causes

you

pain.

反復(fù)想你所受到的傷害會(huì)給讓你痛苦的人力量。（選自十堰中考）The

heat

from

the

oven

has

caused

chemical

changes

to

take

place.

烤箱的加熱導(dǎo)致了化學(xué)變化的發(fā)生。（選自南通中考）&15&

作可數(shù)名詞，意為"原因，起因"。Smoking

is

one

of

the

causes

of

heart

disease.

吸煙是心臟病的誘因之一。語(yǔ)境串記The

stone

caused

the

accident

and

it

was

the

only

cause.

這塊石頭引起了這次事故，并且它是唯一的原因。&16&

problem/?pr?bl?m/

n.

麻煩；問(wèn)題&17&

為可數(shù)名詞，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：have

no

problem

（in）

doing

sth.

"做某事沒(méi)有問(wèn)題"。I

have

no

problem

in

finishing

my

homework.我完成家庭作業(yè)沒(méi)問(wèn)題。problem指客觀存在或遇到的疑難問(wèn)題；也指可通過(guò)思考或運(yùn)算得出正確答案的問(wèn)題；常與cause、solve、work

on、work

out

等連用。question指作為疑問(wèn)提出的問(wèn)題,常與ask、answer等連用。The

students

are

working

on

a

physics

problem.學(xué)生們正在解一道物理（難）題。

May

I

ask

you

aquestion?

我可以問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？&18&

problem與question&20&

作可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞均可，指多種嘈雜聲時(shí)作可數(shù)名詞。常用短語(yǔ)：make

a

noise制造噪聲make

much/a

lot

of

noise制造很大的噪聲&19&

noise/n??z/

n.

噪聲；雜音Try

not

to

make

a

noise

when

you

go

upstairs

for

the

baby

is

sleeping.上樓時(shí)盡量不要弄出聲，孩子在睡覺(jué)呢。The

train

made

a

lot

of

noise

as

it

came

to

a

stop

at

the

station.

火車在車站停下來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)出了很大的噪聲。（選自綏化中考）noise指人聽(tīng)到的不悅耳、不和諧的嘈雜聲。voice通常指人的嗓音，如說(shuō)話聲或歌唱聲。sound泛指聽(tīng)到的任何聲音或響聲。&21&

noise,

voice

與

sound語(yǔ)境串記There

was

too

much

noise

outside

the

classroom.

The

physics

teacher

had

to

raise

his

voice:

"Light

travels

much

faster

than

sound."教室外面噪聲很大，物理老師不得不提高嗓音："光比聲音傳播得快得多。"教材語(yǔ)境

Hang

on

a

minute!

I'll

make

some

notes!

稍等！我來(lái)做些筆記?。ń滩腜72）&22&

hang

on

稍等&23&

&24&

常用于口語(yǔ)中，意為"稍等"，在電話用語(yǔ)中表示"別掛電話，等一下"。同義短語(yǔ)為hold

on。Hang

on!

I'll

be

back

in

a

minute.

稍等！我馬上就回來(lái)。Hang

on

—

I'll

just

see

if

he's

here.等一下——我這就看看他在不在這兒。典例3

—Let's

set

out!—___！Lucy

is

still

on

the

way.AA.Hang

o