英語四六級閱讀作文練習題

四級閱讀（第一套）

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliar

surroundingisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effext.Ifapersonstaysin

thesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiand

hercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.

Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumans

evolved.Thepuzzlewasthatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformance

mightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedon

birdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothat

theycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators（捕食者）.Thisledher

towonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteam

studied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentofthe

university'sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthe

departmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlooked

attheactivitypftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptless

wellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslong

tofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants5brains

behavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,the

lefthemispheres（半球）oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirright

hemispheresdid.

Curiousidthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocess

informationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasakire-ranthe

experimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimed

beeps(蜂鳴聲)ofthesametoneandiiTegularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthe

night.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardina

strangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefrom

sleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.

46.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?

A)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople.C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.

B)Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.D)Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.

47.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?

A)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.

B)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.

C)Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins.

D)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds'anddolphins'sleepingpatterns.

48.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?

A)Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.

B)Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.

C)Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants5brains.

D)Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.

49.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?

A)Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.

B)Sherecordedparticipants,adaptationtochangedenvironment.

C)Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.

D)Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.

50.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?

A)Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.

B)Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.

C)Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.

D)Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

It'stimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandleconflictatwork.Beingoverworkedor

over-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.

Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareergoals.

Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofee)exhausted?Nearlytwiceas

manywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling"verytired^^or“exhausted”,

accordingtoarecentstudy.

Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomenhave

children.It'salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersand

home.Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying

“no."Womenwanttobeabletodoitall—volunteerforschoolpartiesorcook

deliciousmeals一andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.^^

Womenstruggletosay"no”intheworkplacefbrsimilarreasons,includingthe

desiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.Unfortunately,thisinabilitytosay"no”maybe

hurtingwomen'shealthaswellastheircareer.

Attheworkplace,menuseconflictasawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomen

oftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon'twanttobe

viewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.Forexample,there'saproblemthatneeds

tobeaddressedimmediately,resultinginadisputeoverwhoshouldbetheonetofix

it.Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputefromtheperspectiveofwhatbenefitsthem

most,whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheperspectiveofwhat's

theeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvetheproblem一evenifthatmeansdoingthe

boringworkthemselves.

Thisdifferenceinhandlingconflictcouldbethedecidingfactoronwhogets

promotedtoaleadershippositionandwhodoesnot.Leadershavetobeableto

delegateandmanageresourceswisely—includingstaffexpertise.Shoulderingmore

oftheworkloadmaynotearnyouthatpromotion.Instead,itmayhighlightyou

inabilitytodelegateeffectively.

51.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithwomen?

A)Theyareoftenunclearaboutthecareergoalstoreach.

B)Theyareusuallymorecommittedathomethanonthejob.

C)Theytendtobeover-optimisticabouthowfartheycouldgo.

D)Theytendtopushthemselvesbeyondthelimitsoftheirability.

52.Whydoworkingwomenofchild-bearingagetendtofeeldrainedofenergy?

A)Theystruggletosatisfythedemandsofbothworkandhome.

B)Theyaretoodevotedtoworkandunabletorelaxasaresult.

C)Theydotheirbesttocooperatewiththeirworkmates.

D)Theyareobligedtotakeuptoomanyresponsibilities.

53.Whatmayhinderthefutureprospectsofcareerwomen?

A)Theirunwillingnesstosay“no”.

B)Theirdesiretobeconsideredpowerful.

C)Anunderestimateoftheirownability.

D)Alackofcouragetofacechallenges.

54.Menandwomendifferintheirapproachtoresolvingworkplaceconflictsin

that

A)womentendtobeeasilysatisfied

B)menaregenerallymorepersuasive

C)mentendtoputtheirpersonalinterestsfirst

D)womenaremuchmorereadytocompromise

55.Whatisimportanttoagoodleader?

A)Adominantpersonality.C)Thecouragetoadmitfailure.

B)Theabilitytodelegate.D)Astrongsenseofresponsibility.

2017年12月四級閱讀(第二套)

PassageOne

Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.It

wouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.”

Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalage

aretwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchas

heartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenas

somethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamin

deficiency.

BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.

Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.

“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制藥的)industrysothattheycanbegin

treatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,“hesaid.

“Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan'tcontrol,he

said."INacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawhere

theycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingfor

granted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”

Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingand

changethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandthatagingiscurable/9

“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage/9headded.6tTheonlyway

tocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicine

forage-relatedconditions.^^

LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,said

theideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,which

someresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.

"There5remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Butthey

continuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease/9Hayflicksaid."Evenif

thosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuch

beyond92years.”

46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?

A)Itshouldcausenotalarmwhatsoever.

B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.

C)Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.

D)Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.

47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?

A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated.C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.

B)Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.D)ItisaniiTeversiblebiologicalprocess.

48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof"describingagingasadisease”?

A)Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.

B)Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.

C)Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.

D)Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.

49.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?

A)Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.

B)Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.

C)Theycancontributetopeople'shealthonlytoalimitedextent.

D)Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeople'sagingprocess.

50.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?

A)Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.

B)Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.

C)Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.

D)Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfas

likelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,comparedwiththeirmale

counterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.

Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscore

higherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring(指導),andhavebetteroddsofbeing

hired.Studiesshowthey'realsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM

(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)fields.Andnewresearch

revealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.

“Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudentFveeverhad,“saysKuheliDutt,asocial

scientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversity'sLamontcampus."Compare

thoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter:"Thecandidatewasproductive,or

intelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthat9sclearlysolidpraise/butnothing

thatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.^^

Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationfor

postdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.Theywerealleditedforgenderandother

identifyinginformation,soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithout

knowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalf

aslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.That

includeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,men

andwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.

Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsofthe

applicantsusingthedatainthefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomenin

geoscienceareatapotentialdisadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheircareers

startingwiththoselessthanout-standinglettersofrecommendation.

“We'renottryingtoassignblameorcriticizeanyoneorcallanyoneconsciously

sexist.Rather,thepointistousetheresultsofthisstudytoopenupmeaningful

dialoguesonimplicitgenderbias,beitatadepartmentalleveloraninstitutionallevel

orevenadisciplinelevel."Whichmayleadtosomerecommendationsfortheletter

writersthemselves.

51.Whatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences?

A)Therearemanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.

B)Chancesforwomentogetthepositionsarescarce.

C)Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersof

recommendation.

D)Maleapplicantshavemoreinterestinthesepositionsthantheirfemale

counterparts.

52.Whatdostudiesaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearchshow?

A)Womenengagedinpostdoctoralworkarequicklycatchingup.

B)Fewerwomenareapplyingforpostdoctoralpositionsduetogenderbias.

C)MenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.

D)WomenwhoarekeenlyinterestedinSTEMfieldsareoftenexceptional.

53.Whatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendationlettersforwomenapplicants?

A)Theyarehardlyeversupportedbyconcreteexamples.

B)Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.

C)Theyprovideobjectiveinformationwithoutexaggeration.

D)Theyareoftenfilledwithpraiseforexceptionalapplicants.

54.WhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersof

recommendation?

A)Theyaskedunbiasedscholarstoevaluatethem.

B)Theyinvitedwomenprofessionalstoeditthem.

C)Theyassignedthemrandomlytoreviewers.

D)Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.

55.WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudy?

A)Raiserecommendationwriters9awarenessofgenderbiasintheirletters.

B)Openupfreshavenuesforwomenpost-doctorstojoininreaserachwork.

C)AlertwomenresearcherstoalltypesofgenderbiasintheSTEMdisciplines.

D)Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomen'sstatusinacademiccircles.

2017年12月英語四級閱讀(第三套)

46-50BBACD

46.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcitiesinsub-SaharanAfrica?

B)Theyaregrowingfastwithoutbecomingricher

定位：第一段第二句及第四句。第二句What'sindisputableisthatit9sgrowingvery

quickly對應growingfast,第四句sub-SaharanAfricaarenotgettingrichertheway

citiesintherestoftheworldhave.

47.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouturbanisationinotherpartsoftheworld?

B)Itstartedwhenpeople'sincomewasrelativelyhigh.

定位：第二段第二句：MostofAfricaisurbanizingatalowerlevelofincomethan

otherregionsoftheworlddid.下文又提到因為收入低，所以缺少投資的錢。

48.Whyissub-SaharanAfricaunappealingtoinvestors?

A)Itlacksadequatetransportfacilities.

定位：第二段最后——句：...theonlylightrailmetrosystem...keepinvestorsaway.

49.InwhatwaydoesauthorsayAfricancitiesaredifferent?

C)Theyhavedevelopedattheexpenseofnature.

定位：第三段第一句和第四句

50.WhatmightbeasolutiontotheproblemsfacingAfricancities?

D)Amoreresponsiblegovernment

定位：末段第五句。

51-55BCADD

51.ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadto

have___.

B)anambitiontogetahead

第一段中:

Forthepastseveraldecades,itseemsthere'sbeenageneralconsensusonhowtoget

aheadinAmerica:Getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuyyourown

home.

52.WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmerican

dream?

C)Americans5ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewdecades.

第二段中:

Overwhelmingly,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandream一and

whatittakestoachieveit——looksquitedifferentthanitdidinthelate20thcentury.

53.WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachieving

success?

A)Itstillremainsopentodebate.

第四段中:

Inthepastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimisticaboutthepowerof

educationtoleadtosuccess...theyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievable

goal...donotneedafour-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.

54.Howdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationthesedays?

D)Ithelpsbroadentheirminds.

第六段：

Whilesome...seecollegeasawaytogainnewperspectiveandlifeexperiences.

55.WhatisonefactoressentialtosuccessinAmerica,accordingtoWillFendley?

D)Aclearaimandhighmotivation.

第七段中：

Sixty-year-oldWillFendley...thinks"personaldrive^^isfarmoreimportantthanjust

goingtocollege.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffective

high-schooleducation...

2017年12月|四級寫作

寫作第一套：親子關系

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowto

besthandletherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.Youshouldwriteatleast

120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

參考范文：

Howtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren?

Nowadays,awide-spreadphenomenonoccurfrequentlythatparentsmakealotof

decisionsfortheirchildren,evenformostcriticalissuesoftheirlife,suchas

education,workorevenmarriage.Thoughmanyparentsregardtheirchildrenasthe

appleoftheireye,theyhavenoenoughknowledgehowtobesthandlethe

relationshipwiththeirchildren.

Wemayfindseveralreasonstoexplainthisphenomenonabove.Firstofall,parents,

withtheirformerlifeexperience,alwaysthinkthattheyareabletomakeabetter

decisionthanteenagersdo.Next,theypaytoomuchattentiontotheironlychildinthe

familywithoutcaringfortheirchildren'sfeeling.What'smore,theyasserttheonly

waytorealizetheirunfulfilleddreamsislettingtheirchildrendothingsthattheywant

themto.

Howtosolvesuchseriousproblems?Tobeginwith,parentsshouldadaptsome

strategicchangesinchildreneducation.Theyshouldconsciouslydeveloptheir

children'scapabilitiestothinkontheirown.Inaddition,childrenshouldcopewith

thedifficultiestheyencounterindependentlyandmayalsosearchforparents'

necessaryguideonlyatcriticalmoments.

Positiveparent-childbondsfosterautonomy,curiosity,self-esteemandbetter

decision-makingskills.Solefstakeactionstoimproveparent-childrelationship

beforeit'stoolate.

寫作第二套：師生關系

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowto

besthandletherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.Youshouldwriteatleast

120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

參考范文:

WithbothparentshavingadailyjobinmostChinesefamiliesinrecentyears,

teachersandstudentsareevenbecomingthemainpartsinteachingactivities.Henceit

isneversonecessarytobesthandletherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.

Tobeginwith,teachersneedtobeawarethattheyarethebasistomaketheteaching

processfunctionwell.Aseducators,theyshouldundertaketheimportant

responsibilitytoeducatestudentsfromdifferentbackgroundsandwithdifferent

academiclevels.Onlybybeingpatientandthoughtfulcantheycultivatethefuture

hopeofourcountryandcontinuethedevelopmentofhumansociety.Furthermore,

studentsontheotherhandarethemainpartoflearning.Itiscriticalforthemto

respecttheirteachers,whichisbecominglesspopularnowadays,astheycanlearnthe

coreoftextbooksandlifefromsomeoneonlyiftheytrusthim.

Inall,theharmoniousrelationshipbetweenteachersandstudentswillgaingoodresult

anditwillbringunaccountablefunctiontoeducationcareer.

寫作第三套：醫(yī)患關系

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowto

besthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast

120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

參考范文：

Howtohandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients?

Inrecentyears,therelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatientshasbecomeincreasingly

tenseandcomplicated.Thedisputeshaveintensifieddaybyday.Thereisalackof

necessaiyunderstandingandtrustbetweendoctorsandpatients.Thenormalhealth

careactivitiesaredeeplyaffected.Therelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatientshas

becomeanunprecedentedcommonconcernofthewholesocietyatthisstage.

Howtobesthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients?Firstlyofall,

doctorsshouldhavemedicalethicsandhumanities,whichrequireextremeenthusiasm

forpatientsandtheirtechnicalexcellence.Secondly,doctorsandpatientsshould

communicatewitheachother.Furthermore,patientsshouldknowmoreknowledgeof

medicine.Besides,thegovernmentshouldprovidemorelegalprotectiontohelp

balancethedoctor-patientrelationship.

Althoughwehavealongwaytogo,wehavereasonstobelievethatthedoctor-patient

relationshipinChinaisgraduallyimproving.

2017年12月六級閱讀(第一套)

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youmayhaveheardthatcoca-colaoncecontainedaningredientcapableofsparkingparticular

devors:cocaine,thecocainthenamereferredtotheextractsofcocaleafthatthedrink'soriginator

chemistjohnpemberton,mixedwithhissugarysyrup(it),atthetimecocaleafextractmixedwith

winewasacommontonic(iljo),andpemberton'ssweetbrewwasawaytogetaroundlocallaws

prohibitingthesaleofalcohol,buttheotherhalfofthenamepresentsanotheringredient,less

infamous(名聲不好的,perhaps,butalsostrangelypottent:thekolanut.

Inwestafrica,peoplehavelongchewedkolanutsasstimulants,becausetheycontainthatalso

occursnaturallyintea,coffe,andchocolate.Theyalsohaveheartstimulants.

Historianpaullovejoyrelatesthatthecultivationofkolanutsinwestafricaishundredsofyears

old.theleafy,spreadingtreeswereplantedongraaspartoftraditionalrituals,eventhoughthe

nuts,whichneedtostaymoist,canbesomewhatdelicatetotransport,traderscarriedthem

hundredsofmilesthroughouttheforestsandgrasslands.

Europeansdidnotknowofthemuntilthe1500swhenPortugueseshipsarrivedonthecoastof

whatisnowsierraleone.andwhilethePortuguesetookpartinthetrade,ferryingnutsdownthe

coastalongwithothergoodsby1620,whenenglishexplorerrichardjobsonmadehiswayupthe

Gambia,thenutswe

hiseyes.

Bythelate19thcentury,kolanutswerebeingshippedbythetonnetoeuropeandtheusMany

madetheirwayintomedicines,intendedasakindofenergyboost,onesuchpopularmedicinal

drinkwasvinmaafrenchproductconsistingofcocaextractmixedwithredwine,itascreatedby

afrenchchemist,angelomariani,in1863.sowhenpembertoncreatedhisdrink,itrepresentedan

ongoingtrend,whencocaineeventuallyfellfromgraceasabeverageingredient.kola-ectractcolas

becamepopular.

Thefirstyearitwasavailable,coca-colaaveragednineservingsadayacrossalltheatlantais

whereitwassold.asitgrewmorepopular,thecompanysoldrightstobottlethesoda,soitcould

traveleasily.todayabout1.9billioncokesarepurchaseddailyit'sbecomesoiconicthatattempts

tochangeitstastein1985-sweeteningitinamoveprojectedtoboostsalesproveddisastrous,

withwidespreadangerfromconsumers.Mcoca-colaclassicHreturnedtostoreshelvesjustthree

monthsafterthe"newcoke"wasreleased.

Thesedays,thecoca-colarecipeisacloselyguardedsecret,butit'ssaidtonolongercontainkola

nutextract,relyinginsteadonartificialimitationstoachievetheflavour.

46.whatdowelearnaboutchemistjohnpemberton?

a)Heusedastrangelypotentingredientinafoodsupplement

b)hecreatedadrinkcontainingalcoholwithoutbreakinglaw

c)hebecamenotoriousbecauseofthecocadrinkhedeveloped

d)heriskedbreakinglocallawtomakeadrinkwithcocaleaves

47.whatdoesthepassagesayaboutkolanuts?

a)theircommercialvaluewasfirstdiscoveredbyPortuguesesettler

b)theycontainsomekindofenergyboostnotfoundinanyotherfood

c)manywereshippedtoeuropeinthelate19thcenturyformedicinalus

d)theywerestrangetotheeuropeanswhenfirstimportedfromwestafrica

48.howcomekola-extractcolasbecamepopular?

a)cocainehadbecomenotorious

c)weresetuptosellthem

b)alcoholicdrinkswereprohibited

d)rightsweresoldtobottlethesoda

49.whatisknownaboutthetasteofcoca-cola?

a)itwassodesignedastocreateaddictioninconsumers

b)itstillreliesontraditionalkolanutextract

c)ithasbecomemorepopularamongtheold.

d)ithasremainedvirtuallyunchangedsinceitscreation

50.whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

a)theevolutionofcoca-cola

c)themedicinalvalueofcoca-cola.

b)thesuccessstoryofcoca-cola

d)thebusinessstrategyofcoca-cola.

Passagetwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage

Twentyyearsago,theurbanlandinstitutedefinedthetwotypesofcitiesthatdominatedtheus

landscape:smallercitiesthatoperatedaroundstandard9-5businesshoursandlargemetropolitan

areasthatranall24hoursoftheday.analyzingandcomparingcitiesusingthelensofthisbasic

dividegivesinterestingcontexttohowinvestmentcapitalflowsandhousingpriceshave

Inrecentyears,manymid-sizedcitieshavebeguntoadoptamiddle-of-the-roadapproach

incorporatingtheexcitementandopportunityoflargecitieswithsmallcities*quietafter

midnight.thesel8-hourcitiesarebeginningtomakewavesinrealestaterankingsandattractmore

reaestateinvestment,whatisunderlyingthisnewmovementinrealestate,andwhydothesecities

havesomuchappeal

18-hourcitiescombinethebestof24-hourand9-5cities,whichcontributestodowntown

revitalization,fordecades,manydowntowncoresinsmalltomid-sizedcitieswereabandoned

afterworkhoursbyworkerswholivedinthesuburbs,movementoutofcitycenterswas

widespreadanddowntowntenantswerepredominantlymadeupoftheworkingpoor,this

generatedlittle

ommercefordowntownbusinessesintheevenings,whichmadebusinessandgeneratingtax

renenueformunicipalupkeepdifficult.withtheriseofanewconceptinurbanplanningthataims

andmoreconverincreasingpopularityforurbanareastrealestatepushesinmajorcitieslik