考研英語試題及答案

SectionIStructureandIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostchoiceinthebracketsonleft.(10Iwascaught rainSectionIStructureandIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostchoiceinthebracketsonleft.(10Iwascaught rainANSWER: stands theirnext-TheyhavealwaysbeenonHello!Isthat21035?putme theneversmilelookWhydoyoulookso [A]Eggs,thoughnourishing,have offatlargealargethehigh[D]ahighalways hisclassmatesina[D]backsMostofthepeoplewho Eggs,thoughnourishing,have offatlargealargethehigh[D]ahighalways hisclassmatesina[D]backsMostofthepeoplewho armsrace.[D]havelivedTherearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobeup[D]putIsittruethatthoseoldhousesarebeingpulledprovide[D]tomakeroom10.Beinginnogreathurry, wewentthelongthelong,wetooktheroutewithscenery10.Beinginnogreathurry, wewentthelongthelong,wetooktheroutewithsceneryroutewasourpreferencescenicourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicSectionIIReadingEachthreepassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Forthebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)TextChinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethemechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,”whichcouldcarrymanup,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaengineerpilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwithafanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.11.Peopleexpectthat theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicoptershelicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberpeoplefromplacetoplace[C]theimaginationsfiredbywouldbecomearealityinairlinersarenowRussian theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicoptershelicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberpeoplefromplacetoplace[C]theimaginationsfiredbywouldbecomearealityinairlinersarenowRussianfulfilledbyairlinersofHelicoptersworkwiththeaidof acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandarotatingdeviceonerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateacharotatingfanunderneathforWhatissaidaboutthedevelopmentoftheHelicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansinceChinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinHelicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlySomepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaveragehastheuseofhelicoptershavebeenwidelyusedforvarioustakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.usedforrescuework.nowusedexclusivelyforcommercialUnderwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyoverseaspassengertransportation.extremelyhighaltitudeflights.high-speedtransportation.urgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsTextInancientGreeceTextInancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,buteventsincludedboy’sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.Theycontinuedforsuchalongtimethatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcourtierspaytheirownathletes’TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMountOlympusbythesun’srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntilconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.InancientGreece,theOlympicGames weremerelynationalathleticwereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolourhadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageouswereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolourhadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageouswereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignIntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames allowedtotakepartinGamesallmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics hasnotdefinitelybeennumberofforeignwhosehonortheGameswerevariedaccordingtowasdecidedbyZeus,wasconsideredModernathletes’resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunnersbecause theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingthetheyaremuchnotrecordedinthedetailssuchasthetheyaremuchNowadays,theathletes’arepaidfor theprizemoneyofoutoutofbythefundsraisedbythecompetingathletesbyTextsciencethemeaningoftheword“explain”sufferscivilization’severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,andgravitation;theireffectscanmeasuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreknowntomeasuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureoftheelectrificationofamber,ahardyellowish-browngum.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really”are.“Electricity,”BertrandRussellsays,“isnotathing,likeSt.Paul’sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthereistotell.”Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.Aristotle,forexample,whosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprinciplethateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat’swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesupbecausethat’swhereitbelongs.ThegoalAristoteliansciencewasbornwhenGalileooriginatedthewastoexplainwhythingshappen.Modernsciencebegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformstheofscientificaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentsis explainwhythingshappenexplainhowthingshappendescribeself-evidentprinciplessupportAristotelianthespeculationsoftheforcesofelectricity,magnetism,andAristotle’snaturalscienceGalileo’sdiscoveriesBertrandRussell’snotionaboutelectricityis disapprovedofbymostmoderninagreementwithAristotle’stheoryofself-evidentthingsdirectedtoward“why”thingsThepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea therearemysteriousforcesintheuniversemandirectedtoward“why”thingsThepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea therearemysteriousforcesintheuniversemancannotdiscoverwhatforces“really”arethereareself-evidentprincipleswecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheyModernsciencecameintobeing whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstwhenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingswhenAristotelianscientisttriedtoexplainwhythingsofreasoningSectionStructureandyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad,it sixANSWER: WhenIsawJane,Istoppedandsmiled,butshe Itwasagoodgame,andattheendthe Germany2.Georgetook ofthefineweathertoItwasagoodgame,andattheendthe Germany2.Georgetook ofthefineweathertodoaday’sworkinhisIsthereanyonewho theplansputforwardbytheAlltoo itwastimetogobacktoschoolafterthesummerInanaccidentwhentwocarsrunintoeachother,they noisewascausedbyaboy Hedrovefastandarrivedanhour ofin[D]inThisticketnoisewascausedbyaboy Hedrovefastandarrivedanhour ofin[D]inThisticket youtoafreemealinournewSectionIVClozelabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)Forinstance,theautomobiletunnelmight ANSWER:Chequeshave36replacedmoneyasameansofexchangefortheywidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisveryconvenientforbothbuyerandseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:theyarequitevaluelessinthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunscertain37whenheacceptsachequesandheis38hisrightsifonoccasion,herefusestodoPeopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheircertain37whenheacceptsachequesandheis38hisrightsifonoccasion,herefusestodoPeopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodiscalled39.Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmeheanextremelyunpleasantexperience.Hewenttoafamousjewelrywhichkeepsalarge40ofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownpearlnecklaces.Afterexaminingseveraltrays,hedecidedtobuyaTheassistantsaidthatthiswasquite41butthemomentmysignedhisname,hewasinvitedintothemanager’sThemanagerwasverypolite,butheexplainedthatsomeonewithexactlythesamenamehadpresentedthemwithaworthlessChequenotago.Myfriendgotveryangrywhenheheardthisandsaidhewouldanecklacesomewhereelse.Whenhegotuptogo,themanagerthatthepolicewouldarriveatanymomentandhehadbetterthewantedtogetintoserioustrouble.43,thepolicearrivedafterwards.Theyapologizedtomyfriendforthe44,butexplainedapersonwhohadusedthesamenameashiswasresponsibleforanumberofrecentrobberies.Thenthepoliceaskedmyfriendtocopyoutawhichhadbeenusedbythethiefinanumberofshops.Thenote45“Ihaveaguninmypocket.Asknoquestionsandgivemeallthemoneyinthesafe.”Fortunately,myfriend’shandwritingwasquiteunlikethethief’s.Hewasnotonlyallowedtogowithoutfurtherdelay,tothestringofpearlswith36.37.[A][B][D]in[D]in45.SectionVVerbFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident thiscollege.45.SectionVVerbFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident thiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beWithallfactors alltheothersinachievingthegoal.Theyhadbeenworkingroundtheclockforacoupleofdays (hope)togetthedesignoutbeforetheircompetitorsdid.There’sageneralunderstandingamongthemembersoftheBoardDirectorsthatchief(give)tothethatisexpectedtobringinhighestIfwedon’tstartoutnow,wemust(miss)theThistest pastfewweeks.Themembersofthedelegationwereglad originallyplanned.Withfullknowledgeofhispastexperience,weknewallalongthathe (Knownot)whatappropriatemeasurestobetakentocopewiththesituation,hewrotetohislawyerforadvice.It’snogood onlythingtodoistogoandseehim.55. concessionstohisunreasonabledemands.SectionVIError-detectionandEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedparts(wordsorphrases).Thesepartsarelabeled[A],55. concessionstohisunreasonabledemands.SectionVIError-detectionandEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedparts(wordsorphrases).Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingABhardlyCDANSWER:[C]Inhisresponsetotheadvertisement,Ed.repliedthathewasABforafull-timepositionnotapart-CDNoonewhohasAhasgreatworkinthelaboratorycandenythatBChadbeenoutlinedthelastmeetingwereacceptabletotheexecutiveBCDAirlinecompaniestodayrequirethatallluggage’sbeABCbeforepassengersareadmittedintothewaitingDAlthoughAlicehasbeentothemountainsmanytimesbefore,AstilllovesvisitingBCD OrganizationistoimprovethehealthyandlivingconditionsforBAsickandthepoorCDTheelementcarboniswidelyfoundinnatureinmanyformsBCAbothdiamondsaswellDWhilestillayoungAgrewolder,hewrotetoBpiano OrganizationistoimprovethehealthyandlivingconditionsforBAsickandthepoorCDTheelementcarboniswidelyfoundinnatureinmanyformsBCAbothdiamondsaswellDWhilestillayoungAgrewolder,hewrotetoBpianoandCofDthemostDespitethefactthatAassnow-coveredBiscolderthantheNorthDseason,butacertainorderandpatterncanbeCDSectionChinese-EnglishTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(15SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlythesentencesaretobetranslated.(20Havetherealwaysbeencities?(71)Lifewithoutlargeurbanareasdevelopment.Groupswithprimitiveeconomicsstillmanagewithoutthem.Thetrend,however,isforsuchgroupstodisappear,whilecitiesareincreasinglybecomingthedominantmodeofman’ssocialexistence.(72)Historically,citysentencesaretobetranslated.(20Havetherealwaysbeencities?(71)Lifewithoutlargeurbanareasdevelopment.Groupswithprimitiveeconomicsstillmanagewithoutthem.Thetrend,however,isforsuchgroupstodisappear,whilecitiesareincreasinglybecomingthedominantmodeofman’ssocialexistence.(72)Historically,citylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelementswhichformacivilization.Anyhighdegreeofhumanendeavorandachievementhasbeencloselylinkedtolifeinanurbanenvironment.(73)Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversities,hospitals,largebusinessesorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcitiestosupportthem.Tomostpeople,citieshavetraditionallybeentheareaswheretherewasaconcentrationofcultureaswellasofopportunity.(74)Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguntobecomeawarethatcitiesarealsoareaswherethereisaconcentrationofproblems.WhathashappenedtothemodernAmericancity?Actually,theproblemisnotsuchanewone.Longbeforethiscenturystarted,therehadbegunatrendtowardtheconcentrationofthepooroftheAmericansocietyintothecities.Eachgreatwaveofimmigrationfromabroadandfromtheruralareasmadetheproblemworse.Duringthiscentury,therehasalsobeenrichprefertoliveintheseareas.Withinthecities,sectionsmaybesharplydividedintohighandlowrentdistricts,the“rightsideoftown”andtheslums.Ofcourse,everyonewantstodosomethingaboutthisunhappysituation.Butthereisnoagreementastogoals.Neitheristhereanysystematicapproachorintegratedprogram.Opinionsareasdiverseasthepeoplewhogivethem.(75)ButonebasicdifferenceofopinionPerhapstransportationandthemeansofcommunicationhavereallymadeitpossiblefortheretobeanendtothebigcities.Ofcourse,therewill.(76)Andthereisalsotheobjectionthatthecityhasalwaysbeenthecorefromwhichculturaladvancementhasradiated.Isthis,however,stillthecasetodayinthepresenceofeasytransportationandcommunication?Doescultureariseasaresultofpeoplelivingtogethercommunally,orisittootheresultofdecisionsmadeatthelevelofgovernmentandthecommunicatio