閱讀理解猜詞技巧

閱讀理解技巧之猜測(cè)詞意2009年考試說(shuō)明中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求

本部分共分兩節(jié)，測(cè)試考生的英語(yǔ)閱讀理解能力。要求考生讀懂書(shū)、報(bào)、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)中關(guān)于一般性話(huà)題的文字材料以及公告、說(shuō)明、廣告等（生詞量不超過(guò)3％），并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：１、理解主旨要義；２、理解文中具體信息；

３、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；４、作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和理解；５、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；６、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。How

toguessthemeaningsofwords

Ways

toGuesstheWords一.Explanation（解釋?zhuān)┒?Context（上下文）三.Word-formation（字形）四.Examples（例子）五.Commonsense（常識(shí)）

eg：

Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle

---thatis,itwillbreakeasily.

eg：Modernmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,amedicaltoolusedforlisteningtothemovementsofaperson’slungandhisheartbeats.

一、Explanation易碎的，脆弱的聽(tīng)診器

利用文章中用不同的話(huà)對(duì)同一概念的解釋?zhuān)聹y(cè)詞義。信號(hào)詞：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas，thatis,等等，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)有：——等◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Weareonthenightshift---workingfrommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.

木匠

動(dòng)物學(xué)家

牧人

夜班Ex.1

carpenter,zoologist,herdsman,nightshift二.Context對(duì)比關(guān)系

同義、近義、反義關(guān)系因果關(guān)系e.g.

Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isveryabstemious.goone.g.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.1.對(duì)比關(guān)系

污穢的,邋遢的有節(jié)制的,節(jié)約的

能體現(xiàn)對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞匯很多，主要有but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrastwith等。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)分號(hào)有時(shí)也可表示對(duì)比。

◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.◎Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.◎Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.混亂

無(wú)辜的

天生的不同意Ex.2

turmoil,dissent,innate,innocent2.同義、近義、反義關(guān)系

同義詞替換的表達(dá)方法可以為我們推測(cè)詞義提供明顯的語(yǔ)境線(xiàn)索。一些常見(jiàn)的引出同義詞的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)有or,like,similar等。

反義詞利用文章中所出現(xiàn)的、與某生詞或詞組意思相反的內(nèi)容，猜測(cè)詞義。信號(hào)詞中有instead,but,not等e.g.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.圓胖的,豐滿(mǎn)的

e.g.Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.取代,接替,撤換

gooneg：Americanbusinessmenexpectemployeestobepunctual.Theydonotexpectthattheworkerswillcomelate.文中bepunctual的意思，可理解為“notcomelate”，即“準(zhǔn)時(shí)，不遲到”。e.g.MrSmithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.

顯然，similarly是個(gè)語(yǔ)境線(xiàn)索，它暗示loquacious意為lovetotalk。Ex.3

symptoms,volatile,shivered◎Oneofsymptomscausedbythiskindofillnessisahighfever.◎Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.

癥狀易揮發(fā)的

顫抖3.因果關(guān)系:信號(hào)詞：如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult,so…that,such…that，therefore等表示前因后果e.g.Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisvery

elastic.e.g.Theriverisso

turbid

thatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.彈性的混濁的◎SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.

復(fù)制品

精明的

修剪Ex.4

replica,shrewd,trim

1.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmental

listenerstogainconfidence.unconditional:nonjudgmental:無(wú)條件的，絕對(duì)的沒(méi)有判斷力的2.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：合成、派生（前綴、后綴）、轉(zhuǎn)化等三.Word-formation-er-or-ian-ist-ese-ess后綴,構(gòu)成可數(shù)名詞猜一猜:solutionsolvedruggistdrugelectricianelectricgreatnessgreatreminderremind構(gòu)詞法-ment-tion-ness-sion-ery-ing后綴,構(gòu)成抽象名詞dis-im-mis-un-non-否定前綴re-co-mini-over-pre-post-vice-en-tele-其它前綴重復(fù)共同,平等小過(guò)度---后副的使--可能遠(yuǎn)程---前猜一猜:

minicar postwar

supermarket

previewpreschool

recall

irrelative

nonstandarddisloyalunlockco-workeroveractivevicepresident

微型汽車(chē)戰(zhàn)后超市預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)前回憶,回想無(wú)關(guān)系的不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的不忠誠(chéng)的開(kāi)鎖合作者過(guò)分活躍副總統(tǒng)-al-ble-ern-ful-ish-ive-less-y-ly-ous形容詞后綴enizeify動(dòng)詞后綴e.g.weakenrealizesatisfy猜猜:strengthen

simplify

activate

mountainouscourageouschangeable

lifeless

hilly

peaceablefictional

e.g.

Wemustsafeguardtheworldpeace.AprotectBcareCpreventDtokeepsafewithgunse.g.Don’tlistentohisnonsense.Ahavingnomeaning BmeaninglesswordsChumorousspeech DnotmakingsenseAB維護(hù),保護(hù),捍衛(wèi)胡說(shuō),廢話(huà)合成詞e.g.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.e.g.IhavefoundLucyisquitegenerous,forexample,whenevershemeetsabeggar,shegivessomecoinstohim.四.Examples家禽慷慨的，大方的eg:Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.

eg:Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcha

ripplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.五.Commonsense膨脹，擴(kuò)大收縮，縮小波紋，細(xì)浪

1.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.

Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowither

becauseofthecold.

3.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.

Ex.5

dowry,wither,anaesthetic嫁妝枯萎

麻藥因果猜構(gòu)詞法Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?定義同/反義詞對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折上下文生活常識(shí)解釋小試身手Albert’ssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.

2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.

祝功成你!A.timeB.competitionC.perseveranceA.成功的B.徒勞的C.有效的D.匆促的A.上級(jí)B.前任C.同事D.下級(jí)4.Shedidn’thearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.

5.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.

6.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.

祝功成你!小試身手A.心不在焉的B.緊張的C.全神貫注的D.睡意濃的A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energeticA.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever7.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.

8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.9.Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchool,orEnglishLearning.

祝功成你!小試身手A.workB.studyC.nameD.interestA.townB.capitalC.countryD.houseA.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapers10.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.

11.Justforfun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.

12.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

祝功成你!小試身手A.becamesweeterB.becameredC.becamedryA.directB.indirectC.straightA.smallB.largeC.dull

Hereisanexamplefromthetestpaperofthe2008finalexams.分析：此題考查考生猜詞的能力。青少年太早來(lái)到學(xué)校上課，就坐在桌旁打盹。而且我們知道“nod”有點(diǎn)頭的意思。根據(jù)常識(shí)，打盹的時(shí)候會(huì)情不自禁地垂下頭。eg：

ABrownUniversitysleepresearcherhassomeadviceforpeoplewhorunhighschools:Don’tstartclassessoearlyinthemorning.Itmaynotbethatthestudentswhonodoffattheirdesksarelazy.Anditmaynotbethattheirparentshavefailedtoenforce(確保)bedtime.Instead,itmaybethatbiologicallythesesleepyheadstudentsaren’tusedtotheearlyhour.49.Theunderlinedphrase“nodoff”mostprobablymeans“_______”.turnaroundB.agreewithothersC.fallasleepD.refusetowork

Hereisanotherexamplefromthetestpaper.分析：此題考查考生猜詞的能力。根據(jù)上下文原則里的并列關(guān)系，我們通過(guò)一個(gè)and可以斷定apprehensive跟nervous是同義詞。

eg：Aheart-warmingstorytellsofawomanwhofinallydecidedtoaskherbossforaraiseinsalary.Alldayshefeltnervousandapprehensive.Lateintheafternoonshesummonedthecouragetoapproachheremployer.Toherdelight,thebossagreedtoaraise.54.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans______A.worriedB.eagerC.certainD.afraid

Hereisanotherexamplefromthetestpaper.分析：此題考查考生猜詞的能力。根據(jù)解釋定義原則，我們通過(guò)下文對(duì)cuisine這個(gè)詞的補(bǔ)充解釋?zhuān)瑏?lái)判定它的基本意思為食物。

eg：Eachregionhasadistinctivelocalflavor.Here,we’dliketointroducethebestofChinesecuisine.Now,theremightbeChineserestaurantsalmosteverywhereintheworld,butIcouldn'tthinkofabetterplaceortimetoshowthecharmofitthanattheBeijingOlympics.41.Theunderlinedwordinparagraph1mostprobablymeans______A.cookerB.cookC.foodD.tradition

Hereisanotherexamplefromthetestpaper.分析：此題考查考生猜詞的能力。根據(jù)解釋定義原則，我們通過(guò)下文對(duì)leg這個(gè)詞的補(bǔ)充解釋?zhuān)瑏?lái)判定它的基本意思為這個(gè)biketour的一部分，不要誤選A。

AbiketourandracewillbeheldonAug26and27.At5:30am,theriderswillleaveTiananmenSquareandridethefirst35kmasatrainingleg.Thenthenext55KmlegfromYanjiaotoJixian,willbethefirstcompetition.

Theunderlinedword“l(fā)eg”probablymeans_______.A.

raceB.practiceC.partofthetrainingD.partofthetoureg：Oneofthepredominantconcernstodayisthefutureofournaturalresources.Thisissueisofgreatestimportancebecauseitisbecomingcleartomanypeoplethatourpresentresourceswillnotlastforever.

文中“predominant”的詞義可猜測(cè)為具有與“ofgreatestimportance”相近的意思。

eg：Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken．手勢(shì),啞劇,舞劇eg：Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.

文中“enormous”的詞義可猜測(cè)為與“l(fā)arge”的意思相近。

eg：Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashyperson,whodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakenewfriends.

根據(jù)文中“unlike...”的意思，可將gregarious理解為與文中“ashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakenewfriends.”相反的意思，即：表示“好交際的”。eg：Theoldmanputonhisspectacles

andbegantoread.

spectacles的詞義，從下文“戴上‘spectacles’后開(kāi)始閱讀”可以猜得其詞義“眼鏡”。eg：Someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometric

formslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.geometricforms的意思，可從文中所列舉的三角形，正方形、圓形來(lái)猜得其意義為“幾何圖形”。eg：Theyoverestimatetheinterviewee'sabilityandaskedhimmanydifficultquestions.

在overestimate詞中over-是前綴，意為“過(guò)分”。因此overestimate的詞義可以猜測(cè)為“過(guò)高估計(jì)”的意思。

eg：Weweretoldthatour'swasthemostspaciousroominthehotel.Thatwaswhywehadtopaysomuchforit.Spacious是由詞根space(空間)+ious(形容詞后綴)構(gòu)成。由此我們可以猜得其大概意思為“有空間的，寬敞的”。小試身手Albert’ssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.A.timeB.competitionC.perseverance2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒勞的C.有效的D.匆促的3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上級(jí)B.前任C.同事D.下級(jí)祝功