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精選閱讀詞匯筆記(一)
fal編輯
以下文章均選自真題及其他各類托福練習(xí),在了解托福閱讀文章的題材,形式的同時,應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)
掌握和注意下劃線的詞匯:
P1
ThefirstprofessionalclownbornintheUnitedStateswasJohnDurang(1768-1822),who
camefromadecidedlynoncircusfamily.Durangwasthefirstinalonglineofgreatclownsto
dynamicallycombinegenuinedramaticand8medictalentwithahighlydevelopedprcrficiency
inawiderangeofcircustechniciues.Helefthomeattheageof15totourasadancerwitha
travelingperformer.Hislackofformaltrainingdidnotstophimfrombecomingan
accomplishedpuppeteer,clown,Harleciuin,dancer,ropewaker,equestrian,Shakespearean
actor,scenedesigner,andpyrotechnist.JohnBillRickettswasimpressedenoughtoofferhim
ajobin1793,butDurangdeclinedbecauseitrequiredsuperiorhorsemanship,askillwhichhe
hadnotyetacquired.In1795Rickettsrepeatedhisoffer,andthistimeDurangaccepted.He
immediatelybeganpracticingtrickridingandwassoonabletoaddequestrianclowningtohis
repertoire.By1797DuranghadbecomeakeymemberofRickett'scompany,andthat
summerheandRickettsledthetroupeonatourintoCanada.Duringcontinuedhis
remarkablecareerforthenext20years,performingintheatersandcircusesandeven
managinghisowndramatictouringtroupefornineconsecutivesummers.BeforehediedJohn
Durangrevealedyetanothertalentbywritinghismemoirs,theonlyextensivefirst-person
accountofcircuslifeintheearlyUnitedStates.
clown:n.小丑,粗魯愚蠢的人
decidedly:adv.決定,斷然;明了,無凝
circus:n.馬戲團(tuán),馬戲,競技場
dynamically:ad.動態(tài)的
genuine:a.真正的,真實(shí)的,誠懇的
dramatic:a.戲劇性的,生動的
comedic:a.喜劇的
proficiency:n.精通,熟練,精練
technique:n.技術(shù),方法,表演法
lack:n.缺乏,無,不足;vt,缺乏,短少,不足,需要;vi.缺乏
accomplished:a.完成的,實(shí)現(xiàn)的,善社交的,有造詣的,熟練的
puppeteer:n.操縱木偶的人,操縱傀儡
harlequin:n.丑角
ropewalker:n.走鋼絲,繩索特技表演者
equestrian:a.騎馬的,馬的,在馬背上的;n.騎手
Shakespearean:a.莎士比亞的
scene:n.場,景,情景,景色,鏡頭,發(fā)生地點(diǎn),布景,道具
pyrotechnist:n.煙火制造者
offer:n.出價,提議,意圖,報價;vt.提供,出價,奉獻(xiàn),使出現(xiàn),企圖,演出;vi.出現(xiàn),獻(xiàn)祭,提議
decline:n.衰微,跌落,下降M.使降低,婉謝;vi.下降,衰落,偏斜
superior:n.長者,高手,卜.級;a.卜.好的,出眾的,高傲的
horsemanship:n.馬術(shù)
acquired:a.已取得的,已獲得的,已成習(xí)慣的,后天的
accepted:a.一般承認(rèn)的,公認(rèn)的
immediately:ad.立刻,剛,立即
trick:n.詭計,欺詐,謀略,癖好,惡作劇,決竅;vt.戲弄,欺騙,裝飾;vi.哄騙,戲弄;a.有決竅的,特技的,
欺詐的,漂亮的,靠不住的,有效的
equestrian:a騎馬的,馬的,在馬背上的;n.騎手
repertoire:n.全部劇目,保留劇目,全部技能
troupe:n.一團(tuán),一班,劇團(tuán);vi.巡回演出
consecutive:a.連續(xù)的,聯(lián)貫的,始終一貫的
reveal:vt.露出,顯示,透露,(神)啟示,揭露,泄露;n.窗側(cè),門側(cè)
memoir:n.傳記,實(shí)錄,追思錄,回憶錄,自傳
P2
Sleepispartofaperson'sdailyactivitycycle.Thereareseveraldifferentstagesofsleep,and
theytoooccurincycles.Ifyouareanaveragesleeper,yoursleepcycleisasfollows.When
youfirstdriftoffintoslumber,youreyeswillrollaboutabit,yourtemperaturewilldropslightly,
yourmuscleswillrelax,andyourbreathingwillslowandbecomequiteregular.Yourbrain
waversslowdownabittoo,withthealpharhythmofratherfastwavesvredominatin。forthe
firstfewminutes.Thisiscalledstage1sleep.Forthenexthalfhourorso,asyourelaxmore
andmore,youwilldriftdownthroughstage2andstage3sleep.Theloweryourstageofsleep,
thesloweryourbrainwaveswillbe.Then,about40to60minutesafteryoulose
consciousness,youwillhavereachedthedeepestsleepofall.Yourbrainwaveswillshowthe
largeslowwavesthatareknownasthedeltarhythm.Thisisstage4sleep.
Youdonotremainatthisdeepfourthstageallnightlong,butinsteadabout80minutesafter
youfallintoslumber,yourbrainactivitylevelwillincreaseagainslightly.Thedeltarhythmwill
disappeartobereplacedbytheactivitypatternofbrainwaves.Youreyeswillbegintodart
aroundunderyourclosedeyelidsasifyouwerelookingatsomethingoccurringinfrontofyou.
Thisperiodofrapidevemovementlastsforsome8to15minutesandiscalledREMsleep.It
isduringREMsleepthatmostdreamsseemtooccur.Providedthatyoudonotwakeupduring
thefirstREMsleepperiod,yourbodywillsoonrelaxagain,yourbreathingwillgrowslowand
regularoncemore,andyouwillslipaentlybackfromstage1tostage4sleep—onlytorise
onceagaintothesurfaceofnearconsciousnesssome80minuteslater.
activity:n.活動,動作,活力
cycle:n.周期,循環(huán),自行車,一段時間,整套;vi.循環(huán),輪轉(zhuǎn),騎自行車;vt.使循環(huán),使輪轉(zhuǎn)
occur:vi.發(fā)生,想到,存在
average:n.平均,平均數(shù),海損;a.一■般的,通常的,平均的;vt.平均為,均分,使平衡;vi.買進(jìn),賣出
drift:n.漂流物,觀望,漂流M.vi.(使)漂流
slumber:n.睡眠,沉睡狀態(tài);vi.熟睡,打盹,蟄伏;vt.睡著渡過(時間)
roll:n.卷,滾動,名單,壓路機(jī),案卷,翻滾;vi.滾,滾動,飄流,起伏,繞,卷使?jié)L動,卷,繞
slightly:ad.些微地,苗條地
muscle:n.肌肉,臂力
relax:vi.放松,松懈,松弛,變從容,休息,休養(yǎng);vt.使松馳,緩和,使松懈,使休息
breathing:n.呼吸,瞬間,微風(fēng);a.呼吸的,逼真的
alpha:n.希臘字母的第一個字母,最初,開端
rhythm:n.旋律,節(jié)奏,韻律,勻稱,節(jié)律
predominate:vt.掌握,控制,支配;vi.統(tǒng)治,成為主流
consciousness:n.意識,知覺,自覺
reach:n.伸出,延伸,區(qū)域,岬,河段,范圍;vt.到達(dá),達(dá)到,伸出,延伸,影響;vi.達(dá)到,延伸,伸出手,傳
開
delta:n.三角州,希臘字母的第四個字
instead:ad.改為,抵作,更換,替代
disappear:vi.消失,不見
pattern:n.模范,典型,式樣,模式,樣品,格調(diào),圖案;vt.模仿,仿造,以圖案裝飾;vi.形成圖案
dart:n.飛鏢,投射;vt.投射;vi.疾走,突進(jìn)
eyelid:n.眼皮,眼瞼
rapid:a.迅速的,飛快的,急促的,險峻的;n.急流
REM:rapideyemovement
provided:conj.倘若
gently:ad.輕輕地,逐漸地
P3
Beforethe1850'stheUnitedStateshadanumberofsmallcolleges,mostofthemdatingfrom
colonialdays.Theyweresmall,church-connectedinstitutionswhoseprimaryconcernwasto
shapethemoralcharacteroftheirstudents.
ThroughoutEurope,institutionsofhigherlearninghaddeveloped,bearingtheancientnameof
university.InGermanyadifferentkindofuniversityhaddeveloped.TheGermanuniversity
wasconcernedprimarilywithcreatingandspreadingknowledge,notmorals.Between
mid-centuryandtheendofthe1800's,morethanninethousandyoungAmericans,dissatisfied
withtheirtrainingathome,wenttoGermanyforadvancedstudy.Someofthemreturnedto
becomepresidentsofvenerablecolleges—Harvard,Yale,Columbia-andtransformthem
intomodemuniversities.Thenewpresidentsbrokealltieswiththechurchesandbroughtina
newkindoffaculty.Professorswerehiredfortheirknowledgeofasubject,notbecausethey
wereoftheproperfaithandhadastrongarmfordiscipliningstudents.Thenewprinciplewas
thatauniversitywastocreateknowledgeaswellaspassiton,andthiscalledforafaculty
composedofteacher-scholars.DrillingandlearningbyrotewerereplacedbytheGerman
methodoflecturing,inwhichtheprofessor'sownresearchwaspresentedinclass.Graduate
trainingleadingtothePh.D,anancientGermandegreesignifyingthehighestlevelof
advancedscholarlyattainment,wasintroduced.Withtheestablishmentoftheseminarsystem,
graduatestudentslearnedtoquestion,analyze,andconducttheirownresearch.
Atthesametime,thenewuniversitygreatlyexpandedinsizeandcourseofferings,breaking
completelyoutoftheold,constrictedcurriculumofmathematicsclassics.rhetoric,andmusic.
ThepresidentofHarvardpioneeredtheelectivesystem,bywhichstudentswereableto
choosetheirowncoursesofstudy.Thenotionofmajorfieldsofstudyemersed.Thenewgoal
wastomaketheuniversityrelevanttotherealpursuitsoftheworld.Payingcloseheedtothe
practicalneedsofsociety,thenewuniversitiestrainedmenandwomentoworkatitstasks,
withengineeringstudentsbeingthemostcharacteristicofthenewregime.Studentswerealso
trainedaseconomists,arcZtectsagriculturalists,socialwelfareworkers,andteachers.
date:n.Fl期,約會,棗椰子;vt.約會,定日期;vi.注明Fl期,過時;n.DOS命令:顯示或設(shè)置系統(tǒng)日
期
colonial:a.殖民的,殖民地的
connect:vt.vi.連接,聯(lián)合,關(guān)連
primary:n.最主要者,原色;a.主要的,初期的,根本的,首要的,基本的
concern:n.關(guān)心,憂慮;vt.與…有關(guān),使擔(dān)心,掛慮
moral:n.道德,品行,寓意;a.道德的,品性端正的,良心的
bearing:n.舉止,軸承,忍受,方向,意義關(guān)系,生育
ancient:a.遠(yuǎn)古的,舊的
develop:vt.發(fā)展,發(fā)達(dá),進(jìn)步,洗印,顯影;vi.發(fā)展,生長
primarily:ad.主要地,首先地,基本地
spreading:撒布
dissatisfy:vt.使感覺不滿,不滿足
advanced:a.高等的,在前的,年老的,先進(jìn)的
venerable:a.莊嚴(yán)的,值得尊敬的
Harvard:美國哈佛大學(xué)
Yale:n.耶魯
Columbia:n.哥倫比亞
transform:vt.轉(zhuǎn)換,改變,改造,使…變形;vi.改變,轉(zhuǎn)化,變換
tie:n.帶子,線,鞋帶,不分勝負(fù),關(guān)系,領(lǐng)帶,領(lǐng)結(jié),平局,束縛M.系,打結(jié),扎,約束,與…成平局;vi.結(jié)
合,打結(jié),不分勝負(fù)
faculty:n,才能,能力,全體教員,(大學(xué)的)系
hire:n,租金,租用,雇用;vt,雇請,出租;vi.受雇
proper:a.適當(dāng)?shù)?,高尚的,專屬?ad.完全地,徹底地
discipline:n.訓(xùn)練,紀(jì)律;vt.訓(xùn)練,懲罰
principle:n.原則,原理,主義
compose:vt.組成,寫作,作曲,使平靜,編寫;vi.創(chuàng)作,排字
scholar:n.學(xué)者,公費(fèi)生,有文化者,學(xué)習(xí)者
drilling:n.演練
rote:n.機(jī)械性的背誦,反復(fù),死記硬背
lecture:n.演講,譴責(zé),教訓(xùn);vt.演講,訓(xùn)誡,說教;vi.講演
present:n.禮物,現(xiàn)在,瞄準(zhǔn);a.現(xiàn)在的,出席的,當(dāng)面的;vt.介紹,引見,贈送,上演,提出,呈現(xiàn);vi.舉槍
瞄準(zhǔn)
signify:vt.象征,預(yù)示;vi.要緊,重要
attainment:n.達(dá)至!]
seminar:n.研究會,討論發(fā)表會
analyze:vt.分析,分解
conduct:n.行為,舉動,指導(dǎo);vt.引導(dǎo),指揮,實(shí)施;vi.引導(dǎo),傳導(dǎo),指揮
expand:vt.使膨脹,詳述,擴(kuò)張;vi.張開,發(fā)展;v.展開
constrict:vt.壓縮,束緊,使收縮;vi.壓縮
curriculum:n.課程
classic:n.古典作品,杰作,第一流藝術(shù)家;a.第一流的,最優(yōu)秀的,古典的
rhetoric:n.修辭,修辭學(xué),華麗虛飾的語言
elective:a.選舉的,根據(jù)選舉的,選任的;n.選修課程
notion:n.概念,觀念,想法,打算,主張
emerge:vi.浮現(xiàn),形成,(由某種狀態(tài))脫出,(事實(shí))顯現(xiàn)出來
relevant:a.有關(guān)聯(lián)的,中肯的,有關(guān)系的咸比例的,相應(yīng)的,適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
pursuit:n.追蹤,追捕,追求,追趕,工作,職業(yè)
heed:n.注意,留心;vt.vi.注意,留心
characteristic:n.特性,特征,特色;a.特性的,本性的,有特色的
regime:n.政權(quán),當(dāng)權(quán)期間,政體,社會制度
economist:n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)者,經(jīng)濟(jì)家
architect:n.建筑師,設(shè)計者,造物主
精選閱讀詞匯筆記(二)
fal編輯
以下文章均選自真題及其他各類托福練習(xí),在了解托福閱讀文章的題材,形式的同時,應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)
掌握和注意下劃線的詞匯:
P4
Oneofthemostimportantsocialdevelopmentsthathelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinking
abouttheroleofpubliceducationwastheeffectofthebabyboomofthe1950'sand1960'son
theschools.Inthe19201s,butespeciallyintheDepressionconditionsofthe1930's,theUnited
Statesexperiencedadeclininqbirthrate-everythousandwomenagedfifteentoforty-four
gavebirthtoabout118livechildrenin1920,89.2in1930,75.8in1936,and80in1940.With
thegrowingprosperitybroughtonbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthat
followedit,youngpeoplemarriedandestablishedhouseholdsearlierandbegantoraiselarger
familiesthanhadtheirpredecessorsduringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102per
thousandin1946,106.2in1950,and118in1955.Althougheconomicswasprobablythemost
importantdeterminant,itisnottheonlyexplanationforthebabyboom.Theincreasedvalue
placedontheideaofthefamilyalsohelpstoexplainthisriseinbirthrates.Thebabyboomers
beganstreamingintothefirstgradebythemid-1940'sandbecameafloodby1950.Thepublic
schoolsystemsuddenlyfounditselfovertaxed.Whilethenumberofschoolchildrenrose
becauseofwartimeandpostwarconditions,thesesameconditionsmadetheschoolseven
lesspreparedtocopewiththeflood.Thewartimeeconomymeantthatfewnewschoolswere
builtbetween1940and1945.Moreover,duringthewarandintheboomtimesthatfollowed,
largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionforbetter-payingjobselsewhereinthe
economy.
Therefore,inthe1950'sand1960's,Thebabyboomhitananticiuatedandinadequateschool
system.Conseauectly,the"custodialrhetoric"ofthe1930'sandearly1940*snolongermade
sense;thatis,keepingyouthsagedsixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketbykeepingthem
inschoolcouldnolongerbeahighpriorityforaninstitutionunabletofindspaceandstaffto
teachyoungerchildrenagedfivetosixteen.Withthebabyboom,thefocusofeducatorsandof
laymeninterestedineducationinevitablyturnedtowardthelowergradesandbacktobasic
academicskillsanddiscipline.Thesystemnolongerhadmuchinterestinoffering
nontraditional,new,andextraservicestoolderyouths.
shift:n.變化,移動,輪班,辦法,移位,手段M.替換,轉(zhuǎn)移,改變,移轉(zhuǎn),推卸,變速;vi.轉(zhuǎn)換,移動,轉(zhuǎn)變,
推托,變速
baby:n.嬰孩
boom:n.繁榮,隆隆聲;vi.急速發(fā)展,發(fā)隆隆聲;vt.使興旺,發(fā)隆隆聲
depression:n.不景氣,消沉,沮喪,洼地
declining:a.傾斜的,衰退中的
prosperity:n.繁榮,幸運(yùn),成功
predecessor:n.前任,先輩,以前的東西
determinant:n.判定,決定物,決定因素;a.決定性的
streamy:a.多河流的,多水流的,川流般的
overtax:vt.課稅過重,使負(fù)擔(dān)過度
wartime:n.戰(zhàn)時
postwar:a.戰(zhàn)后的
cope:vi.競爭,對抗,克服;n.長袍
moreover:ad.而且,此外
job:n.批,批發(fā),工作
antiquated:a.舊式的,過時的,古老的
inadequate:a.不充分的,不適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
consequently:ad.結(jié)果
custodial:a.保管的,保管人的;n.圣物保管容器
rhetoric:n.修辭,修辭學(xué),華麗虛飾的語言
priority:n.優(yōu)先權(quán),優(yōu)先順序,優(yōu)先,前,依次
laymen:外行,門外漢
inevitably:ad.不可避免
discipline:n.訓(xùn)練,紀(jì)電vt.訓(xùn)練,懲罰
P5
Anthropologistshavepiecedtogetherthelittletheyknowaboutthehistoryofleft?handedness
andright-handednessfromindirectevidence.Thoughearlymenandwomendidnotleave
writtenrecords,theydidleavetools,bones,andpictures.StoneAgehandaxesandhatchnts
weremadefromstonesthatwerecarefullychippedawaytoformsharpcuttingedges.Insome,
thepatternofchippingshowsthatthesetoolsandweaponsweremadebyright-handed
people,designedtofitcomfortablyintoarighthand.OtherStoneAgeimplementsweremade
byorforleft-handers.Prehistoricpictures,paintedonthewallsofcaves,providefurtherclues
tothehandednessofancientpeople.Aright-handerfindsiteasiertodrawfacesofpeopleand
animalsfacingtowardtheleft,whereasaleft-handerfindsiteasiertodrawfacesfacingtoward
theright.Bothkindsoffaceshavebeenfoundinancientpainting.Onthewhole,theevidence
seemstoindicatethatprehistoricpeoplewereeitherambidextrousoraboutequallylikelytobe
left-orright-handed.
But,intheBronzeAge,thepicturechanged.Thetoolsandweaponsfoundfromthatperiod
aremostlymadeforright-handeduse.Thepredominanceofright-handednessamonghumans
todayhadapparentlyalreadybeenestablished.
anthropologist:n.人類學(xué)家
piece:n.塊,片,篇,碎片,部分;vt.修補(bǔ),修理,結(jié)合;vi,接頭
left-handed:a.左撇的,用左手的,笨拙的
right-handed:a.用右手的,向右轉(zhuǎn)的,右旋性的
indirect:a.間接的,次要的,欺騙的
evidence:n.證據(jù),跡象
axes:n.軸,軸線,軸心
hatchet:n.斧頭,手斧,戰(zhàn)斧
chip:n.芯片,晶片,薄片,碎片;vt.削,切,削成碎片,使摔倒,鑿;vi.碎裂
pattern:n.模范,典型,式樣,模式,樣品,格調(diào),圖案M.模仿,仿造,以圖案裝飾;vi.形成圖案
weapon:n.武器,兵器;vt.武裝
implement:n.工具,器具M(jìn).實(shí)現(xiàn),使生效,執(zhí)行
left-hander:n.左撇子,左擊,左手投球
prehistoric:adj.史前的;老式的
ancient:a.遠(yuǎn)古的,舊的
whereas:conj.然而,反之,鑒于
ambidextrous:a.兩手俱利的,懷有二心的
bronze:n.青銅,銅像;a.青銅色的
predominance:n.卓越,優(yōu)勢,控制
establish:vt.建立,確立,制定建.移植生長
P6
HereintheUnitedStates,beforeagriculturalactivitiesdestroyedthenaturalbalance,there
weregreatmigrationsofRockyMountainlocusts(Melanoplusspretus).Greatmigratingwere
oftendestroyed;theworstyearswerethosefrom1874to1877.Oneofthesemigrating
swarmswasestimatedtocontain124billionlocusts.DuringanothermigrationinNebraska,it
wasestimatedthattheswarmoflocustsaveragedhalfamilehighandwas100mileswide
and300mileslong.Usually,theseswarmstakeofffromthegroundaaainstthewind,but,
onceairborne,theyturnandflywithit.Warmconvectioncurrentshelptoliftthem,oftento
greatheights.DuringthegreatlocustplaguesthesituationinNebraskabecamesoserious
thattheoriginalstate.Cons楙utionhadtoberewrittentotakecareoftheeconomicproblems.
Thenewdocumentwasknownas"TheGrasshopperConstitution."Itisnowbelievedthat
theselocustswereamigratoryformorphaseofthelessermigratorylocustwhichisstill
commonthere.Inthisrespect,theNorthAmericanmigratorylocustsresembletheirAfrican
relatives.Inbothregionsthemigratoryformsariseasaresultofcrowdingandclimaticfactors.
Migratoryformsareapparentlynaturaladaptationswhichbringaboutdispersalwhenlocust
populationsbecometoocrowded.Fortunatelyforourfarmers,themigratoryform—the
so-calledspretusspecies-nolongerseemstooccurregularly,althoughtherewasaserious
outbreakaslateas1938inmidwesternUnitedStatesandCanada.Actuallythereisnoreason
whythedestructivemigratoryformmightnotagainappearifcircumstancesshouldbecome
favorable.
activity:n.活動,動作,活力
destroy:vt.破壞,毀壞,消滅
balance:n.平衡,差額;vi.平衡,相等M.稱,權(quán)衡,比較,抵消,使平衡,結(jié)算;資產(chǎn)平穩(wěn)表
migration:n.移民,移往,移動
locust:n.蝗蟲,蚱螭,蟬
migrate:vi.移動,移往,隨季節(jié)而移居;vt.使移居
swarm:n.群,大群,蜂群;vi.群集,聚集一塊,云集,爬樹;vt.擠滿,爬(樹)
estimate:n.估計,判斷;vt.估計,評價,判斷;vi.估計
contain:vt.包含,容納,容忍;vi.自制
Nebraska:n.內(nèi)布拉斯加州,(美國中西部的一州)
against:prep.反對,靠,倚
airborne:a,空運(yùn)的,空中傳播的,空降的
convection:n.傳送,對流,對流
current:n.涌流,趨勢,流;a.流通的,現(xiàn)在的,當(dāng)前的,最近的
plague:n.瘟疫,麻煩,災(zāi)禍;vt.折磨,使苦惱,使得災(zāi)禍
situation:n.情形,境遇,位置
serious:a.嚴(yán)肅的,認(rèn)真的,重要的,嚴(yán)重的
original:a.最初的,原始的,有創(chuàng)意的;n.原物,原作
constitution:n.組織,憲法,體格
document:n.文件,公文;vt.證明,為…引證;n.文檔
grasshopper:n.蚱蠕,蝗蟲
phase:n.時期,局面,階段;vt.使調(diào)整相位,逐步執(zhí)行,實(shí)行
lesser:a.較少的,較小的,次要的
common:a.通常的,共同的,通俗的,公共的
respect:n.尊敬,尊重,關(guān)心M.尊敬,注意,遵守
resemble:vt.相似,類似,象
relative:n,親戚,關(guān)系詞;a.有關(guān)系的,相對的,比較的
region:n.區(qū)域,地方,地區(qū),范圍,區(qū),領(lǐng)域,層
arise:vi.站立,出現(xiàn),起來
crowd:n.群眾,一伙;vt.擁擠,擠滿,擠進(jìn)
climatic:a.氣候上的
factor:n.因素,因數(shù),代理人
migratory:a.遷移的,流浪的
adaptation:n.改編,適應(yīng),改編成的作品
bring:vt.帶來,產(chǎn)生,促使,提出;vi.停下
dispersal:n.散布,傳播,分散
fortunately:ad.幸運(yùn)土也
species:n,種,類,外形
occur:vi.發(fā)生,想到,存在
outbreak:n.爆發(fā),暴動
reason:n.理由,原因,理智,理性,道理,前提;vt.說服,推論,辯論;vi.推論,勸說,思考
destructive:a.毀滅性的,破壞的,有害的
circumstance:n.環(huán)境,狀況,事件
favorable:a.有利的,贊許的,良好的
TOEFL詞組(1)
-JAMESSONG
abeamoflight一束光
ablastof一陣風(fēng)
aburningdesire強(qiáng)烈的愿望
aclusterof-群;一組
acolumnofwater水柱
aconstanttemperature恒溫
acrewof一組(工作人員)
acrushingblow毀來性的打擊
afavoritetopic愛談?wù)摰脑掝}
agrainoftruth一絲真理
agreatmany許多
agreatvarietyof各種各樣的;大量的
agustofwind一陣狂風(fēng)
ahostof許多;一大群
ahouseholdword家喻戶曉的(名)字
amessof一大堆
aruleofthumb概測法
aseriesof一系列
asetof一套
aspeckof一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)
astripof一條
asuiteof一系列;一套
avarietyof各種各樣;不同種類
awealthof大量的
accomodateto適應(yīng)
accountfor解釋,說明
accusesb.of...指控某人…
acidrain酸雨
adaptto適應(yīng)
addto加;增加
addupto總共達(dá)到
adjustto適應(yīng)…
advancedcomposition高級寫作
aircurrent氣流
allbut幾乎;差不多
allnightlong整晚
alongwith一道;一起
amineacid氨基酸
amountto合計
anarrayof大量的
andthelike等等,以及諸如此類
apartfrom除...之夕卜
appealtosb.吸引某人
applyto適用于
arctic(tern)北極(燕鷗)
arousecontroversy弓I起爭議
arriveat達(dá)到,作出
asaresult結(jié)果;其結(jié)果是
asaresultof其結(jié)果是
asarule通常,一般說來
asfollows如下
assuch就其本身而言;如所指的人(或物)那樣
asthecasemightbe或許
asthenamesuggests顧名思義
aswellas也;和
aswith與…一樣
as...go(es)就…來說
assemblyline流水作業(yè)線
assumecontrolof取得對…的控制權(quán)
astronomicalbody天體
atarateof以…速度
atarun跑;正在跑
atallcosts不惜任何代價
atanangle成一個角度
atanyprice不惜一切代價
atbest充其量
atgreatlength詳細(xì)地;細(xì)致地
atlarge一般來說
atliberty自由地
atmaturity(動物)成熟時期
atmost至多,不超過
attheoppositeextreme在另一個極端
atthepeakof在…高峰期
attherequestof應(yīng)…的邀請
atthesuggestionof在...的建議下
atthewordofcommand一聽到命令聲
atwill任意,隨意
atwork起作用
atmosphericpressure大氣壓力
attachimportanceto認(rèn)為…有重要性
attach...to...附在…上,把…系在…
attribute...to...歸功于
avant-gardeartistn.先鋒派藝術(shù)家
awaitpublication待出版
babyboom生育高峰期
backandforth來回地
balsamfir香脂冷杉
battleagainst反對
beabsorbedby被...吸收
beaccompaniedby伴隨
beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于
beadmittedto力口入
beanalogousto與…類比
beappliedto用于
beappliedwith裝配有
beassignedto歸屬于
beassociatedwith與…聯(lián)系在一起
beataloss茫然不知所措
beathomein熟悉,精通
beatwarwith與…交戰(zhàn)
beattributedto歸于…
beboundby受...約束;由...聯(lián)系起來
beboundto一定;必然
bebroughtup被撫養(yǎng)
becarpetedwith覆蓋著
becastupon定居在
becharacteristicof具有...特色的
becloselyboundupwith與…有密切聯(lián)系
becombinedwith使…與結(jié)合(組合)
becommittedto忠于某一立場;堅定的
becomparedto與…相比
beconfinedto局限于
beconnectedby由...連接
beconnectedwith與…有關(guān)
beconvincedthat...確信
becreditedto...歸功于...
bededicatedto從事于;致力于
bederivedfrom來自
bedirectedagainst才旨向...
bedistinguishedfor因...而著稱
bedottedwith點(diǎn)綴著
bedramatizedby通過…得到形象地說明
beexposedto處于…的作用下;使曝光
befilledwith裝滿
befriendlywith對…友好
beheavilyforested森林茂密的
beheldinparticularlyhigh非常受器重
beheldinposition使…處于適當(dāng)位置
behonoredwith被授予
beindomesticservice當(dāng)傭人
beinthehandsof出自…的手
beleftfordead被認(rèn)為已死給撇下不管(意指無法解的難題)
belimitedto局限于
belocatedon位于;坐落在
beobligedto被迫做
beofprimeimportance極其重要
bepatternedon以...為模式
bepavedwith鋪滿,遍布
bepreferableto比...更好
beputinchains被囚禁
berecognizedas被認(rèn)為是...
berelatedto與…有關(guān)
bereportedas報道稱之為
beresistantto對…有抵抗作用
berestrictedto局限于
besecretedfrom從…分泌出來
beshortof不及;少?。喝鄙?/p>
besubstitutedfor替代
betakenby被...吸引
bethecase情況屬實(shí)
betherage極為流行之物:風(fēng)靡-時
betherule普通情況;慣常的事
betiredof厭倦
betracedto追溯到
beviewedas被看作是
become(get)involved介入
beforelong不久以后
beginwiththeideathat最初的想法是
behindthelines在后方
beltbuckle皮帶搭扣
Bessemerconverter酸性轉(zhuǎn)爐(舊稱貝氏轉(zhuǎn)爐)
BillofRights《人權(quán)法案》
billionsof億萬
birthrate出生率
bloodplasma血漿
bloodpressure血壓
bloodserum血.漿
bloodstream血流
blowout破裂
blowup炸毀
bluewhale藍(lán)鯨
borninto出身于…家庭
bouncebout來回彈跳
brainwave腦波
breakdowninto分解成…
breakinto碰到;發(fā)現(xiàn)
breakoff斷裂
breakoff破殼而出
breaktieswith斷絕與…的關(guān)系
breezeup(風(fēng))變強(qiáng)
brightspot光點(diǎn)
bringabout導(dǎo)致
bringin引如;帶進(jìn)
bringsb.tothescene使...來至ij現(xiàn)場
bringsth.toaclose結(jié)束
bring...toanendroutine結(jié)束
broad-brimmedhat寬邊帽
BronzeAge青銅器時代
buildconfidence樹立信心
bumpinto碰到
burnout燒掉
burstapart猛烈爆裂
byaccident偶然
bymeansof通過
bynomeans決不,并不是
byone\'sownadmission自己承認(rèn)(認(rèn)為)
byone\'sownpower靠自身的能力
bythe(thousands)按(千)計算
bytheageof到…年齡
bythecloseof至ij...末期
bytheway順便說一下
bytwos每兩人(一組)
callfor要求
callfor要求
cannothelpbut禁不住
capturetheimaginationof激起...的想象
capturetheimaginationof激發(fā)…的想象力
careabout關(guān)注;對…感興趣
carefor照料(看)
carryon進(jìn)行
carryout進(jìn)行
carrysth.ononeVsback背在背上
carveoutof從…切出(引伸為修建)
cashprize現(xiàn)金獎勵(賞)
catchaglimpseof看一看,瞥見
catchon流行起來
caterto...滿足…的需要;迎合
caughtupwith入迷;給…迷住
causedamageto帶來損害
cavepainting洞穴壁畫
chainsofislands島群
chambermusic室內(nèi)樂
chaosandconfusion混亂與渾沌
chemicalbond化學(xué)鍵
chemicalcompound化合物
chemicalintegration化學(xué)結(jié)合
chipout切成小片
churchtower教堂塔
circulatorysystem循環(huán)系統(tǒng)
civicduties公民義務(wù)
civillaw民法
civilservice行政部門
CivilWar美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)(南北戰(zhàn)爭)
claypottery黏土陶瓷器
cleanup清理干凈;清除
clearof離開;脫離
clingto粘在...上
closeinon包圍,圍住
close-upview特寫鏡頭:接近的觀察
closedcircuittelevision閉路電視
coalmine煤礦
coatedwith涂有
coaxsb.intodoingsth.勸誘(說服)某人做某事
collectionanddistributionp集散地
collidewith與…相碰撞
colonialexpansion殖民擴(kuò)張
coloredfilter彩色濾光片
combine...with與…結(jié)合(化合)
comeacross遇至U
comedue到期
comeintobeing形成;產(chǎn)生
comeintoone\'sown進(jìn)入繁盛期
comeon得到;碰上;找到
cometo談到;提及
comeunderheavycriticism遭到嚴(yán)厲的批評
comeupon遇至ij
communicativecompetence交際能力
commutertrain市郊往返列車
competewith與…競爭
computerprogrammer電腦程序編制員
concentrationon注意力集中于
concernoneselfwith研究的對象是...
concernsover為...擔(dān)心(憂慮)
confersth.onsb.把…賜予(授予)
conformto遵守
consistof由…組成
continentaldrift大陸漂移(說)
continentalshelf大陸架
contraryto與...相反
contrastwith與…相比
convectioncurrent對流循環(huán)氣流
convectionzone對流層
o...把...轉(zhuǎn)換成
convexpolygon凸而多角形
copewith與…相適應(yīng)
corpuscallosum肌肌體
correspondto與??.相對應(yīng)
counton依賴
courseoffering課程設(shè)置
craftofpoetry詩歌技藝
creditsb.withsth.把…歸功于
crewmodules船員艙
criticalpoint臨界點(diǎn)
crouchvi.蹲;彎腰
curiohunter古董搜尋者
cutdown減少,肖ij減
dancetojazzmusic在爵士樂的伴奏下跳舞
datefrom追溯
dealwith處理;研究
dearesttoone\'sheart最喜歡的
decisionpoint決定點(diǎn)
DeclarationofIndependence《獨(dú)立宣言》
dedicateoneselfto把自己用于;賦予自己
defendoneselfagainst對…為自己辯護(hù)
deprivesb.ofsth.使…喪失;剝奪
derivedfrom來源于
descriptivestatistics描述統(tǒng)計學(xué)
desertlandscape沙漠地貌
despitetheodds盡管有極大的困難
developconfidenceinsb.對某人產(chǎn)生信任
devoidof沒有
devoteone\'sattentionto注意;重視
devoteoneselfto致力丁
diebreak鋼模損壞
diedown衰落
diehard難解掉;難消滅
dieout滅絕
digestivesystem消化系統(tǒng)
distinguish...from...
double-glazedpanel雙層玻璃板
draftplan草案
dripcup滴壺
drumskin鼓皮
ductgland有輸送管的腺;管腺
dueto由于;取決于
dustoff弄掉…灰塵
托福聽力特色詞匯匯編(連載二)
ornament(adornment;decoration)裝飾品
accessory附件;(婦女)裝飾品
jewelry珠寶
necklace項鏈
bracelet手鐲
ivory象牙
pearl珍珠
brooch胸針;領(lǐng)針
ring戒指
earring耳環(huán)
souvenir(reminder,token)紀(jì)念品
本文節(jié)選自邱政政《TOEFLiBT聽力新思維》
托福聽力特色詞匯匯編(連載三)
makeup(cosmetic)化妝品
perfume香水
1ipstick口紅
powder粉
cream臉油;護(hù)膚霜
razor剃刀
shampoo洗發(fā)劑
spray噴劑:噴霧劑
polish(指甲、鞋)油
shave刮胡子(毛發(fā))
本文節(jié)選自邱政政《TOEFLiBT聽力新思維》
托福聽力特色詞匯匯編(連載四)
面料圖案
wool羊毛:毛線
cotton棉制
harshchemicals刺激性化學(xué)物質(zhì)
polkadot帶圓點(diǎn)的
striped帶條紋的
plaid帶格子的
solid純色的
natural自然的
pure純的
托福聽力特色詞匯匯編(連載五)
咖啡類
coffee咖啡
blackcoffee不加伴侶的咖啡
whitecoffee加伴侶的咖啡(-?般加sugar,milk,orcream三種)
gourmetcoffee美食家咖啡
instantcoffee速溶咖啡
flavor咖啡嘗起來的味道
aroma咖啡聞起來的香味
coffeepot=coffeemaker咖啡壺
coffeeset=coffeeservice做咖啡的全套器具
microwaveoven微波爐
caffeine咖啡因
coffeebreak喝咖啡時的休息時間
本文節(jié)選自邱政政《TOEFLiBT聽力新思維》(實(shí)習(xí)編輯:顧萍)
托福聽力特色詞匯匯編(連載六)
乳品飲料類
drink二beverage飲料
water水
mineralwater礦泉水
naturalspringwater天然泉水
orangejuice橙汁
lemonade檸檬汁
cocktai1雞尾酒
bar酒吧
wine葡萄酒
liquor烈性酒
alcoholic含酒精的
dairy奶制品
butter黃油
cheese奶酪
cream奶油
icecream冰淇淋
yogurt酸奶
yeast(leaven;ferment)(名詞)酵母;(動詞)發(fā)酵
托福聽力特色詞匯匯編(連載七)
vegetarian素食
cereal(grain)谷類事物
flour面粉
bread面包
toast土司面包
bagel一種歐式面包
doughnut=donut甜面包圈
pastry面點(diǎn)心
fruit水果
salad色拉
oatmeal燕麥片
potatochips薯片
hamburger漢堡
hotdog熱狗
cake蛋糕
托福聽力特色詞匯匯編(連載八)
meat葷食
beef牛肉
(beef)steak牛排;魚排
groundbeef(hamburger)絞牛肉:牛肉醬
pork豬肉
mutton羊肉
poultry家禽
seafood海味
friedegg(sunny-sideup;over)荷包蛋(單煎一-面;煎兩面)
scrambledegg炒雞蛋
hamandeggs(bacon;sausage)火腿蛋(熏咸肉;香腸)
本文節(jié)選自邱政政《TOEFLiBT聽力新思維》(實(shí)習(xí)編輯:顧萍)
托福聽力特色詞匯匯編(連載九)
飲食評價類
名詞結(jié)構(gòu)類
nutrient營養(yǎng)(成分)
fat脂肪
protein蛋白質(zhì)
vitamin維生素
calorie卡(路里)
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