全國(guó)入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題及

年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語SectionStructureandPartBeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes Thesentenceshouldread,“IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimessince1979.”Therefore,youshouldchoose[D].[A][B][C]IfIwereinmovie,thenitwouldbeabouttimethatI myheadinmyhandsforacry.amwouldGoodnewswassometimesreleasedprematurely,withtheBritishrecaptureoftheport halfadaybeforethedefendersactuallysurrendered.towasAccordingtoonebelief,iftruthistobeknownitwillmakeitselfapparent,so waitinsteadofsearchingfor[A]wouldhadcannothadShefeltsuitablyhumblejustasshe whenhehadhadcannothadShefeltsuitablyhumblejustasshe whenhehadfirsttakenagoodlookathercityself,hairwavedandgolden,nailsredandpointed.hadwouldhavehasTherewasnosignthatMr.Jospin,whokeepsafirmcontrolontheparty fromleadershipofit,wouldintervenebeinghavinggoingtoSoinvolvedwiththeircomputers thatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgames.becamethebecomethehadthechildrendothechildrenTheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis anonymous,statisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.everythinganythingnolessnothingmoreOnedifficultyintranslationliesinobtainingaconceptmatch. thisismeantthataconceptinonelanguageislostorchangedinmeaninginConversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatConversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedto ithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforChurchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions, Christian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.PartBeneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterintheracketswithapencil.(10points)ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound inthewoodsofftheThesentenceshouldread.“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway.”Therefore,youshouldchoose[C].[A][B]Heistooyoungtobeableto betweenrightand12.Itwasno thathiscarwasseennearthebankatthetimeoftheOneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastOneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatall followtrafficrulesinbusyTheEskimoisperhapsoneofthemosttrustingandconsiderateofallIndiansbutseemstobe thewelfareofhisanimals.criticalindignantindifferentsubjectThechairmanoftheboard onmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.Itisnaivetoexpectthatanysocietycanresolveallthesocialproblemsitisfacedwith forinandonceforbyUsingextremelydifferentdecoratingschemesinadjoiningroomsmayresult andlackofunityinTheTimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslist,TheTimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslist,andisextinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto thedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.Becauseofitsintimacy,radioisusuallymorethanjustamedium;itis Whenanynon-humanorganistransplantedintoaperson,thebodyimmediatelyrecognizesitas MyfavoriteradiosongistheoneIfirstheardonathick1923Edisondisc atagaragetrifledscrapedstumbledthirstedSomedaysoftwarewilltranslatebothwrittenandspokenlanguagesowellthattheneedforanycommonsecondlanguagecould [D]Equipmentnot officialsafetystandardshasallbeenremovedfrom[D]Equipmentnot officialsafetystandardshasallbeenremovedfromtheconformingconsistentpredominantprovidingAsanindustry,biotechnologystandsto perhapssurpassitinsocialimpactby2020.TheauthorsoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionattemptedtoestablishaneffectivenationalgovernmentwhilepreserving forthestatesandlibertyforForthreequartersofitsspanonEarth,lifeevolvedalmost Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow particularlyinWesternEurope.Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust andneedsThefutureofthiscompanyis :manyofitsandneedsThefutureofthiscompanyis :manyofitstalentedemployeesareflowingintomoreprofitablenet-basedbusinesses.atininatSectionClozeForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuypeopleinvolvedinprominentcases大31家thetrialofRosemaryInasignificant大32家oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theChancellor,willintroducea大33家billthatwillproposemakingpaymentswitnesses大34家andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof大35家thatcanbetoacase大36家atrialInalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsMediaCommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe大37家withacommitteereportthisyearwhichthatselfregulationdidnot大38家sufficient大39家ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda大40家mediaprotestwhenhesaidthe大41家ofprivacycontrolscontainedinlegislationwouldbelefttojudges大42家toTheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which大43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally大44家inBritain,laiddowneverybodywas大45家toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotoTheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which大43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally大44家inBritain,laiddowneverybodywas大45家toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttothemselvesandtheir“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands大46家ourBritishjudgesheWitnesspaymentsbecame 大47家afterWestwassentencedto10sentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere大48家tohavereceivedpaymentstellingtheirstoriestonewspapersConcernswereraised大49家witnessesmightencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto大50家guilty[A]as[B]for[C]in[D]such[A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A]better[B]other[C]rather[D]sooner[A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D]SectionReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.Thegrowthofspecializationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas sociologyandphysicsandsociologyandphysicsandWecaninferfromthepassagethat thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecializationandamateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofprofessionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificamateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalTheauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate theprocessofspecializationandthehardshipofamateursinscientificthechangeofpoliciesinscientificthediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstThedirectreasonforspecializationis thedevelopmentinthegrowthoftheexpansionofscientificthesplittingupofacademicAgreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--thedivisionofAgreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure--includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon--werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingcanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.Digitaldivideissomething gettingworsebecauseofthetherichcountriesareresponsibletheworldmustguardconsideredpositiveGovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit offerseconomiccanbringforeigncansooncanbringforeigncansoonwipeoutworldconnectspeopleallovertheThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicy providingfinancialsupportbuildingindustrialacceptingforeignItseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon howwell-developeditiswhetheritisprejudicedagainsthowmuchcontrolithasoverforeignWhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilitySadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinaReporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.ThenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginThisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.WhatisthepassagemainlyneedsofthereadersalloverthecausesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutoriginsofthedecliningnewspaperaimsofajournalismcredibilityTheresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe quitesomewhatveryratherThebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir workingconventionalworldeducationalDespiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits failuretorealizeitsrealtendencytohireannoyinglikelinesstodoinaccurateprejudiceinmattersofraceandTheworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:“Won’tthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanuncontrollableanti-competitiveforce?”There’snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein1982.TodaythefigureisThere’snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25%andgrowingrapidly.Internationalaffiliatesaccountforafast-growingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupandwelcomeforeigninvestment.InArgentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,multinationalswentfrom43%toalmost70%oftheindustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernsovertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityoftheworldIbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomer’sdemands.Allthesearebeneficial,notdetrimental,toconsumers.Asproductivitygrows,theworld’swealthincreases.Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheU.S.,whentheStandardOilTrustwasbrokenup.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing--witnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissan--butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewweeksago,AlanGreenspanwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regulateandoperateaslenderoflastresortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreated?Won’tmultinationalsshiftproductionfromoneplacetoanotherwhenanationgetstoostrictaboutinfringementstofaircompetition?Andshouldonecountrytakeuponitselftheroleof“defendingcompetition”onissuesthataffectmanyothernations,asintheU.S.vs.Microsoftcase?WhatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestotakeinmoreforeigntoinvestmoretocombineandbecometotradewithmoreAccordingtotheauthor,oneofthedrivingforcesbehindM&Awaveis thegreatercustomerasurplussupplyfortheagrowingtheincreaseoftheworld’sFromParagraph4weFromParagraph4wecaninferthat theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtWorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandthecostsoftheglobalizationprocessaretheStandardOilTrustmighthavethreatenedTowardthenewbusinesswave,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall,”preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepageofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife,”andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting--alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”--has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanti-consumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-’90sequivalentofdroppingout.WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline--afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’80s--andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourForthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe’80s,downshiftinginthemid-’90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife--growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone--asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraphFull-timeemploymentisanewinternationalThewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveher“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffull-timeThewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherThewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting enableshertorealizeherhelpshermoldanewphilosophyofpromptshertoabandonherhighsocialleadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShe“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby non-materialisticabitofextremeanti-Accordingtothepassage,downshiftingemergedintheU.S.asa thequickpaceofmodernman’sadventurousman’ssearchformythicaltheeconomicSectionIVEnglish-ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15Inlessthan30years’timetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.Directlinksbetweenthebrain’snervoussystemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensoryvirtualenvironments,allowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.71)Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.72)Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonality71)Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.72)Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswithin-builtpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmell-television,anddigitalagewillhavearrived.AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium(aperiodof1,000years),whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareasoflife.73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlifeexpectancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.“Bylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck,”hesays.74)Butthat,Pearsonpointsout,isonlythestartofman-machineintegration:“Itwillbethebeginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwillultimatelyleadtoafullyelectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentury.”Throughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostof