2021新高考英語人教版一輪復習課時作業(yè)必修4Unit1Womenofachievement

Unit1Womenofachievement課時作業(yè)Ⅰ.閱讀(2020·廣西柳州市高三上學期摸底考試)DrNancyRoman,bornin1925,whowascelebratedasapioneerforfemalescientistsandhadadvancedthelaunchoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope,diedonDec.25,2018.WhenNancyRomanaskedforpermissiontotakeasecondalgebra(代數(shù))courseinhighschool,ateacherdemandedtoknow“whatladywouldtakemathematicsinsteadofLatin”.Incollege,aprofessoradmittedthatheoftentriedtopreventwomenfrommajoringinphysicsbutNancystucktoit.AndafterreceivingDoctor'sdegreeinastronomy,shefoundaprofessionalhomeatNASA(美國宇航局).In1959,DrRomanbecamethefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters,arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders.DrRomanspentmuchofhercareerhelpingdevelop,fundandpromotetechnologythatwouldhelpscientistsseemoreclearlybeyondEarth'satmosphere.Buthermostwell-knownworkwasperhapsleadingtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope,thefirstmajortelescopetobesentintospaceforthepurposeofgatheringphotographsanddatafromtheuniverse.Shewas,therefore,namedas“themotherofHubble”.“Shemadeitpossibletogettheearlytelescopeupintospacetolearnwhatneededtobelearned，”saidsciencehistorianBobZimmerman,“andherhard-nosednaturehelpedgetthetelescopebuilt.”Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired,butwhenitdid,itsphotographsoftheuniversethrilledtheworld.“Iamglad，”sheoncetoldScience,“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國天文學家NancyRoman傳奇的一生。文章旨在告訴我們堅持自己的夢想，你一定會成為你想成為的那個人！1．Whatcanweconcludefromtheteacher'sreactiontoNancyRoman'sapplicationfortakingasecondalgebracourse?A．Theteacherdoubtedit.B．Theteacherdidn'tcareaboutit.C．Theteacheraccepteditatonce.D．Theteacherwasstronglyagainstit.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，在中學時當NancyRoman請求批準再參加代數(shù)課程時，一位老師要求知道“哪個女士會選擇數(shù)學而不是拉丁語？”可推知老師持懷疑的態(tài)度，故選A。2．WhatwasthemostfamousachievementofNancyRoman'swork?A．ShewasoneofthefoundersofNASA.B．Sheprovedtheblackholereallyexisted.C．Shewasthefirstfemaleastronomerintheworld.D．SheledtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope.答案：D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“但是她最著名的工作也許是帶領設計哈勃空間望遠鏡，這是第一個被送入太空的大型望遠鏡，目的是從宇宙中收集照片和數(shù)據(jù)。”可知選D。3．WhendidDrNancyRomanprobablyretire?A．In1969. B．In1979.C．In1990. D．In2000.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired”(這種望遠鏡直到1990年才發(fā)射升空，在Roman博士退休后的十多年)可推知選B。4．WhatcanwelearnfromDrNancyRoman'swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Shewasveryproudofwhatshehaddoneforthecountry.B．Shethoughthighlyofthepeoplewhohadn'tbelievedher.C．Shewasdelightedtohavebeeanastronomerinspiteoftheprejudiceonher.D．Shehadhard-nosednatureandnevercaredaboutotherpeople'sopinions.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”(我不在乎那些告訴我我不能成為天文學家的人。)可推知選C?！驹~匯積累】①launchn.(產品的)上市；(事件的)發(fā)起②hard－nosedadj.頑強的；不屈不撓的③thrillvt.使非常興奮；使非常激動【長難句分析】In1959,DrRomanbecamethefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters,arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders.1959年，羅曼博士成為美國國家航空航天局(NASA)總部的首位天文學部門主管，這一職位使她成為該機構首批女性領導人之一。分析：這是一個簡單句，arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders作thefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters的同位語，其中that后引導一個定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞arole。Ⅱ.完形填空Onemorning,PrincipalAnnetteLopezknewthatoutof750studentsabout400ofthem1breakfastfromthecafeteria.So,shethrewonahairnet,some2andanapron,andstartedservingthekidsherself.“Whenyou3thatmanystudents,thereisnowaythatonelineisjustgoingtodoit，”Lopez4localreporters.“Iloveditandthekidshad5.Oneofthekidssaid,‘Hey,Iknowyou.’andIsaid,‘Yes,I'mthe6.’”Despitebeingtheprincipal,Lopezdidnotfeelshewastoo7onthetotempole(圖騰柱)toservefood.Infact,shefeltitwasherdutytoputonahairnetand8.“Thekidslovedit.Theywere9，‘MsLopez,Ididn'tknowyouwereacafeterialady,too.’AndsoIkepttellingthem,‘Youknow,principalsdowhateverittakes，’”Lopezsaid.“It10totheteachers,andthat'swhentheystartedtaking11.”AphotoofLopezbehindthecounter,12eggsforkids,waspostedontheelementaryschool'sTwitter.Within2413，ithad300likes.Shebecameabitofa14celebritywhenherteachersandstudentsbegan15thepicture.篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位名叫Lopez的小學校長因給400多名學生做早餐而成為當?shù)鼐W(wǎng)紅的故事。1．A.received B．broughtC．sold D．refused答案：A孩子們來吃早餐，是從食堂員工手中接過早餐，因此用receive，故選A。2．A.clothes B．socksC．gloves D．dresses答案：C根據(jù)生活常識可知，因為要幫忙，校長匆忙戴上發(fā)網(wǎng)、手套(gloves)和圍裙，故選C。3．A.serve B．teachC．realize D．cook答案：A前文中的“startedservingthekidsherself”是提示，故此空選A。4．A.invited B．toldC．remembered D．acquired答案：B“這么多學生需要吃飯，一排是肯定不夠的”是校長面對采訪時告訴(tell)記者的話。故選B。5．A.scar B．funC．fortune D．patience答案：B該空所缺名詞應與“l(fā)ovedit”感情色彩一致。句意：我喜歡這樣做，孩子們也吃得很愉快(fun)。故選B。6．A.principal B．expertC．teacher D．employer答案：A有的學生會說“我知道你是誰”，校長回答說：“我是校長(principal)”。故選A。7．A.low B．inspiringC．significant D．high答案：D雖然身為校長，Lopez并不覺得自己身價太高(high)而不能為孩子們做早餐。故選D。8．A.helpout B．goawayC．referto D．findout答案：A校長戴上發(fā)網(wǎng)是為了幫忙(helpout)，讓孩子們順利吃上早飯。故選A。9．A.about B．asC．like D．for答案：C這里表示“孩子們很喜歡，他們會這樣對我說……”。like“像……”，符合題意。故選C。10．A.gotin B．gotdownC．gotaway D．gotaround答案：D消息“傳播到了老師們那里”，getaround“傳開來”。故選D。11．A.messages B．examsC．pictures D．lessons答案：C根據(jù)后文中的“AphotoofLopezbehindthecounter”可知，這里指拍照。故選C。12．A.preparing B．expectingC．feeding D．growing答案：A校長為孩子們做早餐，所以這里指她在為孩子們準備(preparing)雞蛋。故選A。13．A.benefits B．scoresC．years D．hours答案：D根據(jù)常識并結合選項可知，這里指“24小時(hours)內”。故選D。14．A.national B．localC．international D．specific答案：B根據(jù)前文中的“l(fā)ocalreporters”和“theelementaryschool'sTwitter”可知，影響范圍是本地。故選B。15．A.limited B．increasingC．spreading D．enjoying答案：C老師和學生開始傳開(spreading)這張照片時，校長成了當?shù)氐拿?。故選C。Ⅲ.七選五(2020·甘肅省會寧一中高三第一次月考)FourHabitstoHelpYouSucceedNobodywouldliketoexperiencefailure.Weallwanttosucceed.Forthosewhohavetriedandfailed,successseemsdifficulttounderstand.1?Knowyourvalues.Findingyourvaluesisinlinewithcreatingmotivation.2Pickahandfulofthingsandwritethemdown.Remindyourselfofyourvalueseverydayandreflectonwhetheryouarehonoringthosevaluesthroughyourwork.?3Chooseonegoaltostartsomethinglargeenoughthatwillgiveyouasenseofachievement,whileadjustingwelltoyourvalues.Ifyouwanttoachieveyourgoal,focusisthekeyhere.4Ifyouperformmanytasksatatime,youmightneverfinishyourprojectsbecausetheywilltakefartoolong.?Setatimeforsuccess.Setadateforsuccess.Knowwhenyouhopetorealizeyourgoal.5Bysettingatimelimit,youaremakingtheprocessrealistic.?Don'tgiveupbecauseoffailure.Failurecan'tbeavoidedwhenyoutakerisks.Byitsverydefinition,thedesiretosucceedmeansyouareriskingfailure.Manypeopletendtogiveupfartooearly.Don'tfallintothistrap!Usefailure.Treatitasagoodthing,andgoon.A．Maketherightdecision.B．Pickagoalandfocusonit.C．Themorefocusedyouareononegoal,thehigherchanceyouhaveofsuccess.D．Keepitrealistic,whilenotgivingyourselftoomuchtime.E．Ihavemadealistoffourhabitstohelpyousetgoalsandrealizethem.F．Sitandreflectonwhatyouvaluemost.G．Pushyourselftobecourageous,andtakethatnextstep.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四個習慣可以幫助你取得成功。1．E根據(jù)文章標題以及設空位置可知，設空處為過渡句，E項(我列出了四個習慣來幫助你設定目標并實現(xiàn)它們。)符合語境，引出下文，故選E。2．F根據(jù)本段小標題“Knowyourvalues.”可知，本段主要講的是明確價值觀。結合選項可知，F(xiàn)項(坐下來思考一下你最看重什么。)符合語境，故選F。3．B此空是小標題，應與其他小標題一致，使用祈使句。再根據(jù)本段第一句“選擇一個目標，開始做一些足夠大的事情，讓你有成就感，同時很好地適應你的價值觀?！笨芍珺項(選擇一個目標并專注于它。)整體概括本段內容，故選B。4．C根據(jù)空格前“如果你想實現(xiàn)你的目標，專注是關鍵。”可知，C項(你越專注于一個目標，你成功的機會就越大。)承接上文，故選C。5．D根據(jù)本段小標題以及空格后“通過設定一個時間限制，你正在使這個過程變成現(xiàn)實。”可知，D項(保持現(xiàn)實，同時不要給自己太多的時間。)照應小標題，呼應下文，關鍵詞是realistic。故選D。Ⅳ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Whenpeopleintroducethemselves,Ialwayshearthemsay“I'mjustahousewife.”Idon'tunderstandwhytheirintroductionisalwaysfilledwithregretandself－pity.Isitreallyacrimetobeahousewife?Isitreallyembarrassingwhenyouchoosenottoworkoutsideandinsteadchoosetoworkinyourhome?Howcouldyoube“justahousewife”whenthebasicsocialunitofsocietydependsonyouandyourservice?Ahousewifeworksforthelongesthours,supportingyourhusband,childstudies,caringforelders,managingfinances,payingbills,groceryshopping,cookingaccordingtoindividualtaste,cleaning,etc.Ahousewifecouldbeanyone:daughter,wife,mother,teacher,financialadvisor,fashiondesignerandnurse,gardener,driver,cookandsoon.Don'tthinkyouarenotbeingpaidforit.Yougettherewardthatnomoneycanoffer—theloveandaffectionofyourfamily,theirtrustinyou,ahappyhomeandyourownsatisfaction.Itisyouwhochoosetobeinthisoccupation,willinglyorforanyotherreason.Afterabusyday,allwaittoreturntothefortablehomesetbyyou.Theyknowyo