2021新高考英語人教版一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)必修4Unit1Womenofachievement

Unit1Womenofachievement課時(shí)作業(yè)Ⅰ.閱讀(2020·廣西柳州市高三上學(xué)期摸底考試)DrNancyRoman,bornin1925,whowascelebratedasapioneerforfemalescientistsandhadadvancedthelaunchoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope,diedonDec.25,2018.WhenNancyRomanaskedforpermissiontotakeasecondalgebra(代數(shù))courseinhighschool,ateacherdemandedtoknow“whatladywouldtakemathematicsinsteadofLatin”.Incollege,aprofessoradmittedthatheoftentriedtopreventwomenfrommajoringinphysicsbutNancystucktoit.AndafterreceivingDoctor'sdegreeinastronomy,shefoundaprofessionalhomeatNASA(美國宇航局).In1959,DrRomanbecamethefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters,arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders.DrRomanspentmuchofhercareerhelpingdevelop,fundandpromotetechnologythatwouldhelpscientistsseemoreclearlybeyondEarth'satmosphere.Buthermostwell-knownworkwasperhapsleadingtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope,thefirstmajortelescopetobesentintospaceforthepurposeofgatheringphotographsanddatafromtheuniverse.Shewas,therefore,namedas“themotherofHubble”.“Shemadeitpossibletogettheearlytelescopeupintospacetolearnwhatneededtobelearned，”saidsciencehistorianBobZimmerman,“andherhard-nosednaturehelpedgetthetelescopebuilt.”Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired,butwhenitdid,itsphotographsoftheuniversethrilledtheworld.“Iamglad，”sheoncetoldScience,“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國天文學(xué)家NancyRoman傳奇的一生。文章旨在告訴我們堅(jiān)持自己的夢想，你一定會(huì)成為你想成為的那個(gè)人！1．Whatcanweconcludefromtheteacher'sreactiontoNancyRoman'sapplicationfortakingasecondalgebracourse?A．Theteacherdoubtedit.B．Theteacherdidn'tcareaboutit.C．Theteacheraccepteditatonce.D．Theteacherwasstronglyagainstit.答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，在中學(xué)時(shí)當(dāng)NancyRoman請求批準(zhǔn)再參加代數(shù)課程時(shí)，一位老師要求知道“哪個(gè)女士會(huì)選擇數(shù)學(xué)而不是拉丁語？”可推知老師持懷疑的態(tài)度，故選A。2．WhatwasthemostfamousachievementofNancyRoman'swork?A．ShewasoneofthefoundersofNASA.B．Sheprovedtheblackholereallyexisted.C．Shewasthefirstfemaleastronomerintheworld.D．SheledtodesigntheHubbleSpaceTelescope.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“但是她最著名的工作也許是帶領(lǐng)設(shè)計(jì)哈勃空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡，這是第一個(gè)被送入太空的大型望遠(yuǎn)鏡，目的是從宇宙中收集照片和數(shù)據(jù)?！笨芍xD。3．WhendidDrNancyRomanprobablyretire?A．In1969. B．In1979.C．In1990. D．In2000.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thetelescopedidnotlaunchuntil1990,alittlemorethanadecadeafterDrRomanretired”(這種望遠(yuǎn)鏡直到1990年才發(fā)射升空，在Roman博士退休后的十多年)可推知選B。4．WhatcanwelearnfromDrNancyRoman'swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Shewasveryproudofwhatshehaddoneforthecountry.B．Shethoughthighlyofthepeoplewhohadn'tbelievedher.C．Shewasdelightedtohavebeeanastronomerinspiteoftheprejudiceonher.D．Shehadhard-nosednatureandnevercaredaboutotherpeople'sopinions.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“IignoredthepeoplewhotoldmethatIcouldnotbeanastronomer.”(我不在乎那些告訴我我不能成為天文學(xué)家的人。)可推知選C?！驹~匯積累】①launchn.(產(chǎn)品的)上市；(事件的)發(fā)起②hard－nosedadj.頑強(qiáng)的；不屈不撓的③thrillvt.使非常興奮；使非常激動(dòng)【長難句分析】In1959,DrRomanbecamethefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters,arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders.1959年，羅曼博士成為美國國家航空航天局(NASA)總部的首位天文學(xué)部門主管，這一職位使她成為該機(jī)構(gòu)首批女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之一。分析：這是一個(gè)簡單句，arolethatmadeheroneoftheagency'sfirstfemaleleaders作thefirstchiefofastronomyatNASAheadquarters的同位語，其中that后引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞arole。Ⅱ.完形填空Onemorning,PrincipalAnnetteLopezknewthatoutof750studentsabout400ofthem1breakfastfromthecafeteria.So,shethrewonahairnet,some2andanapron,andstartedservingthekidsherself.“Whenyou3thatmanystudents,thereisnowaythatonelineisjustgoingtodoit，”Lopez4localreporters.“Iloveditandthekidshad5.Oneofthekidssaid,‘Hey,Iknowyou.’andIsaid,‘Yes,I'mthe6.’”Despitebeingtheprincipal,Lopezdidnotfeelshewastoo7onthetotempole(圖騰柱)toservefood.Infact,shefeltitwasherdutytoputonahairnetand8.“Thekidslovedit.Theywere9，‘MsLopez,Ididn'tknowyouwereacafeterialady,too.’AndsoIkepttellingthem,‘Youknow,principalsdowhateverittakes，’”Lopezsaid.“It10totheteachers,andthat'swhentheystartedtaking11.”AphotoofLopezbehindthecounter,12eggsforkids,waspostedontheelementaryschool'sTwitter.Within2413，ithad300likes.Shebecameabitofa14celebritywhenherteachersandstudentsbegan15thepicture.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位名叫Lopez的小學(xué)校長因給400多名學(xué)生做早餐而成為當(dāng)?shù)鼐W(wǎng)紅的故事。1．A.received B．broughtC．sold D．refused答案：A孩子們來吃早餐，是從食堂員工手中接過早餐，因此用receive，故選A。2．A.clothes B．socksC．gloves D．dresses答案：C根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知，因?yàn)橐獛兔?，校長匆忙戴上發(fā)網(wǎng)、手套(gloves)和圍裙，故選C。3．A.serve B．teachC．realize D．cook答案：A前文中的“startedservingthekidsherself”是提示，故此空選A。4．A.invited B．toldC．remembered D．a(chǎn)cquired答案：B“這么多學(xué)生需要吃飯，一排是肯定不夠的”是校長面對(duì)采訪時(shí)告訴(tell)記者的話。故選B。5．A.scar B．funC．fortune D．patience答案：B該空所缺名詞應(yīng)與“l(fā)ovedit”感情色彩一致。句意：我喜歡這樣做，孩子們也吃得很愉快(fun)。故選B。6．A.principal B．expertC．teacher D．employer答案：A有的學(xué)生會(huì)說“我知道你是誰”，校長回答說：“我是校長(principal)”。故選A。7．A.low B．inspiringC．significant D．high答案：D雖然身為校長，Lopez并不覺得自己身價(jià)太高(high)而不能為孩子們做早餐。故選D。8．A.helpout B．goawayC．referto D．findout答案：A校長戴上發(fā)網(wǎng)是為了幫忙(helpout)，讓孩子們順利吃上早飯。故選A。9．A.about B．a(chǎn)sC．like D．for答案：C這里表示“孩子們很喜歡，他們會(huì)這樣對(duì)我說……”。like“像……”，符合題意。故選C。10．A.gotin B．gotdownC．gotaway D．gotaround答案：D消息“傳播到了老師們那里”，getaround“傳開來”。故選D。11．A.messages B．examsC．pictures D．lessons答案：C根據(jù)后文中的“AphotoofLopezbehindthecounter”可知，這里指拍照。故選C。12．A.preparing B．expectingC．feeding D．growing答案：A校長為孩子們做早餐，所以這里指她在為孩子們準(zhǔn)備(preparing)雞蛋。故選A。13．A.benefits B．scoresC．years D．hours答案：D根據(jù)常識(shí)并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，這里指“24小時(shí)(hours)內(nèi)”。故選D。14．A.national B．localC．international D．specific答案：B根據(jù)前文中的“l(fā)ocalreporters”和“theelementaryschool'sTwitter”可知，影響范圍是本地。故選B。15．A.limited B．increasingC．spreading D．enjoying答案：C老師和學(xué)生開始傳開(spreading)這張照片時(shí)，校長成了當(dāng)?shù)氐拿恕９蔬xC。Ⅲ.七選五(2020·甘肅省會(huì)寧一中高三第一次月考)FourHabitstoHelpYouSucceedNobodywouldliketoexperiencefailure.Weallwanttosucceed.Forthosewhohavetriedandfailed,successseemsdifficulttounderstand.1?Knowyourvalues.Findingyourvaluesisinlinewithcreatingmotivation.2Pickahandfulofthingsandwritethemdown.Remindyourselfofyourvalueseverydayandreflectonwhetheryouarehonoringthosevaluesthroughyourwork.?3Chooseonegoaltostartsomethinglargeenoughthatwillgiveyouasenseofachievement,whileadjustingwelltoyourvalues.Ifyouwanttoachieveyourgoal,focusisthekeyhere.4Ifyouperformmanytasksatatime,youmightneverfinishyourprojectsbecausetheywilltakefartoolong.?Setatimeforsuccess.Setadateforsuccess.Knowwhenyouhopetorealizeyourgoal.5Bysettingatimelimit,youaremakingtheprocessrealistic.?Don'tgiveupbecauseoffailure.Failurecan'tbeavoidedwhenyoutakerisks.Byitsverydefinition,thedesiretosucceedmeansyouareriskingfailure.Manypeopletendtogiveupfartooearly.Don'tfallintothistrap!Usefailure.Treatitasagoodthing,andgoon.A．Maketherightdecision.B．Pickagoalandfocusonit.C．Themorefocusedyouareononegoal,thehigherchanceyouhaveofsuccess.D．Keepitrealistic,whilenotgivingyourselftoomuchtime.E．Ihavemadealistoffourhabitstohelpyousetgoalsandrealizethem.F．Sitandreflectonwhatyouvaluemost.G．Pushyourselftobecourageous,andtakethatnextstep.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四個(gè)習(xí)慣可以幫助你取得成功。1．E根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題以及設(shè)空位置可知，設(shè)空處為過渡句，E項(xiàng)(我列出了四個(gè)習(xí)慣來幫助你設(shè)定目標(biāo)并實(shí)現(xiàn)它們。)符合語境，引出下文，故選E。2．F根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Knowyourvalues.”可知，本段主要講的是明確價(jià)值觀。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)(坐下來思考一下你最看重什么。)符合語境，故選F。3．B此空是小標(biāo)題，應(yīng)與其他小標(biāo)題一致，使用祈使句。再根據(jù)本段第一句“選擇一個(gè)目標(biāo)，開始做一些足夠大的事情，讓你有成就感，同時(shí)很好地適應(yīng)你的價(jià)值觀?！笨芍?，B項(xiàng)(選擇一個(gè)目標(biāo)并專注于它。)整體概括本段內(nèi)容，故選B。4．C根據(jù)空格前“如果你想實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)，專注是關(guān)鍵?！笨芍?，C項(xiàng)(你越專注于一個(gè)目標(biāo)，你成功的機(jī)會(huì)就越大。)承接上文，故選C。5．D根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題以及空格后“通過設(shè)定一個(gè)時(shí)間限制，你正在使這個(gè)過程變成現(xiàn)實(shí)?！笨芍?，D項(xiàng)(保持現(xiàn)實(shí)，同時(shí)不要給自己太多的時(shí)間。)照應(yīng)小標(biāo)題，呼應(yīng)下文，關(guān)鍵詞是realistic。故選D。Ⅳ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Whenpeopleintroducethemselves,Ialwayshearthemsay“I'mjustahousewife.”Idon'tunderstandwhytheirintroductionisalwaysfilledwithregretandself－pity.Isitreallyacrimetobeahousewife?Isitreallyembarrassingwhenyouchoosenottoworkoutsideandinsteadchoosetoworkinyourhome?Howcouldyoube“justahousewife”whenthebasicsocialunitofsocietydependsonyouandyourservice?Ahousewifeworksforthelongesthours,supportingyourhusband,childstudies,caringforelders,managingfinances,payingbills,groceryshopping,cookingaccordingtoindividualtaste,cleaning,etc.Ahousewifecouldbeanyone:daughter,wife,mother,teacher,financialadvisor,fashiondesignerandnurse,gardener,driver,cookandsoon.Don'tthinkyouarenotbeingpaidforit.Yougettherewardthatnomoneycanoffer—theloveandaffectionofyourfamily,theirtrustinyou,ahappyhomeandyourownsatisfaction.Itisyouwhochoosetobeinthisoccupation,willinglyorforanyotherreason.Afterabusyday,allwaittoreturntothefortablehomesetbyyou.Theyknowyo