2024年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)第二部分閱讀能力突破篇專題二閱讀七選五第3講根據(jù)行文邏輯解題

第二部分專題二第3講A(2023·山西省高三一模)You'veprobablyheardofahybrid(雜交物種)infilmsorbooks．ThecentaursintheHarryPotterfilmsarehybridsofhumanandhorse．1Hybridizationoccursinbothplantsandanimals．2What'smore,manyplantsthatpeopleeat,fromstrawberriestocarrots,cornandpotatoes,havebeencreatedbyhybridization．Cross-breeding(雜交)sometimesoccurswhenanimals'normalterritoryoverlaps(部分重疊)．3Thegrolarbearisahybridthathappenswhengrizzlyandpolarbearsmate．Astheenvironmentwarms,grizzliesinAlaskaandCanadawanderfurthernorth,bringingthemintocontactwithpolarbears．Artificialmixingoftenhappensinzoos,wheredifferentspeciesthatdon'tnormallymeetinthewildcanbeintroducedtoeachother．Ligers(lionandtigerhybrids)areunlikelytooccurinnature,becausetheonlyplacethattheirhabitatsoverlapistheGirForestinIndia．4Mixedspeciesaremorelikelytobebornwithhealthissuesthanotheranimals．Mosthybridsborninzoosareinfertile,whichmeanstheyareunabletohavebabies．However,manycross-breedsborninthewild,likethegrolarbear,canhavetheirownbabies．5“It'spartoftheevolutionaryprocess，”hesays．Fertilehybridscanleadtothecreationofanewspeciesandincreasethevarietyoflivingthings．A．Wildlifeconservationisofsignificance．B．Didyouknowhybridizationisabiologicalprocess?C．That'sduetohabitatdestructionorchangingclimate．D．Didyouknowthathybridsappearinthenaturalworld,too?E．Jimmybelievesspecieshybridizationinnatureisagoodthing．F．Manyconservationiststhinkthatcreatinghybridsisabadthing．G．Livingthings,especiallyplants,willnaturallyhybridizeinthewild．【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，主題語(yǔ)境為人與自然。文章主要介紹了動(dòng)植物的雜交并且舉例說(shuō)明其發(fā)生條件以及結(jié)果。1．D段尾題。根據(jù)上文“You'veprobablyheardofahybrid(雜交物種)infilmsorbooks．ThecentaursintheHarryPotterfilmsarehybridsofhumanandhorse．(你可能在電影或書中聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)雜交物種?！豆ㄌ亍废盗须娪爸械娜笋R獸是人和馬的雜交物種。)”以及下文“Hybridizationoccursinbothplantsandanimals．(雜交在動(dòng)植物中時(shí)有發(fā)生。)”可知，雜交物種出現(xiàn)在電影或書里和在植物和動(dòng)物中，此處起著承上啟下的作用，D項(xiàng)“你知道自然世界里也有雜交物種嗎？”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。2．G段中題。根據(jù)上文“Hybridizationoccursinbothplantsandanimals．(雜交在動(dòng)植物中時(shí)有發(fā)生。)”以及下文“What'smore,manyplantsthatpeopleeat,fromstrawberriestocarrots,cornandpotatoes,havebeencreatedbyhybridization．(更重要的是，人們吃的許多植物，從草莓到胡蘿卜、玉米和土豆，都是通過(guò)雜交培育出來(lái)的。)”可知，本段主要談?wù)撝参锏碾s交，表示承接與遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，G項(xiàng)“生物，尤其是植物，會(huì)在野外自然雜交。”中的especiallyplants與上下文有對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。3．C段中題。根據(jù)上文“Cross-breeding(雜交)sometimesoccurswhenanimals'normalterritoryoverlaps(部分重疊)．(雜交有時(shí)發(fā)生在動(dòng)物的正常領(lǐng)地重疊的時(shí)候。)”以及下文“Thegrolarbearisahybridthathappenswhengrizzlyandpolarbearsmate．(北極灰熊是灰熊和北極熊交配后的雜交后代。)”可知，C項(xiàng)“這是由于棲息地破壞或氣候變化?！敝械腡hat'sdueto指代上文“Cross-breeding(雜交)sometimesoccurs”發(fā)生的條件，下文舉例說(shuō)明提及重疊的原因，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。4．F段中題。根據(jù)上文“Ligers(lionandtigerhybrids)areunlikelytooccurinnature,becausetheonlyplacethattheirhabitatsoverlapistheGirForestinIndia．(獅虎(獅子和老虎的混合體)在自然界中不太可能出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗鼈兊臈⒌匚ㄒ恢丿B的地方是印度的吉爾森林。)”以及下文“Mixedspeciesaremorelikelytobebornwithhealthissuesthanotheranimals．(與其他動(dòng)物相比，混合物種出生時(shí)更有可能出現(xiàn)健康問(wèn)題。)”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“許多環(huán)保主義者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造雜交物種是一件壞事。”中的abadthing與下文“healthissues”有對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，此處是對(duì)雜交的消極看法。故選F。5．E段首題。根據(jù)段落結(jié)構(gòu)以及下文“‘It'spartoftheevolutionaryprocess，’hesays．Fertilehybridscanleadtothecreationofanewspeciesandincreasethevarietyoflivingthings．(他說(shuō)：‘這是進(jìn)化過(guò)程的一部分。’可繁殖的雜交可以導(dǎo)致新物種的產(chǎn)生，并增加生物的種類。)”可知，此處是積極的態(tài)度和看法，E項(xiàng)“吉米相信自然界中的物種雜交是一件好事?！敝械腶goodthing與下文的“l(fā)eadtothecreation”以及“increasethevariety”形成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。B(2023·山東省棗莊市高三二模)ThegradualheatingofEarth'ssurface,oceansandatmosphereisprimarilycausedbyhumanactivity．Weburnfossilfuels,andpumpcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere．Thesegasesactlikeagreenhouse．1Already,theconsequencesofglobalwarmingaremeasurableandvisible．2Lakesaroundtheworldarewarmingrapidly—insomecasesfasterthanthesurroundingenvironment．Animalsarechangingmigrationpatterns,andplantsarebuddingtheirleavesearlierinthespringanddroppingthemlaterinthefall．Oneofthemostimmediateandobviousconsequencesofglobalwarmingistheincreaseintemperaturesaroundtheworld．Theaverageglobaltemperaturehasincreasedby0．8℃overthepast100years,accordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration．3Thatyear,Earth'ssurfacetemperaturewas0．99℃warmerthantheaverageacrosstheentire20thcentury．4Wehavemoreunpredictableextremeweather．Theseextremescomeindifferentflavors．Oneeffectcanbecolderthannormalwinters．ChangesinclimatecancausetheboundarybetweenthecoldNorthPoleairandthewarmequatorialairtomigratesouth．5Thisiswhysomeareascanhaveasuddencoldsnaporcolderthannormalwinter,evenduringthelongtermtrendofglobalwarming．A．Thatwillbringwithitcold,Arcticair．B．Theytrapinheatandcauseglobalwarming．C．Animmediateconsequenceisfreezingweather．D．OurEarthisheatingup,andheatingupquickly．E．Iceismeltinginbothpolaricecapsandmountainglaciers．F．Since1895,thehottestyearonrecordworldwidewas2016．G．Asglobalaveragetemperaturesgoup,weatherpatternsarechanging．【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了全球變暖給人類帶來(lái)如溫度上升和極端天氣等一系列的難以預(yù)料的結(jié)果。1．B段尾題。上文“Thesegasesactlikeagreenhouse．(這些氣體就像是一座溫室。)”說(shuō)明這些氣體和溫室的作用相似，B項(xiàng)“它們困住熱量并且導(dǎo)致全球變暖。”正是對(duì)溫室作用的解釋說(shuō)明，是對(duì)上文內(nèi)容的承接。故選B。2．E段中題。上文“Already,theconsequencesofglobalwarmingaremeasurableandvisible．(全球變暖的結(jié)果已經(jīng)是可測(cè)量和可見(jiàn)的。)”說(shuō)明下文要介紹全球變暖產(chǎn)生的后果，E項(xiàng)“極地冰蓋和山地冰川的冰都在融化?！本褪菍?duì)全球變暖的結(jié)果的舉例說(shuō)明。故選E。3．F段中題。下文“Thatyear,Earth'ssurfacetemperaturewas0．99℃warmerthantheaverageacrosstheentire20thcentury．(那一年，地球表面溫度比整個(gè)二十世紀(jì)的平均值高出0．99℃。)”中的Thatyear指代的是F項(xiàng)“自1895年以來(lái)，全球有記錄以來(lái)最熱的年份是2016年?！敝械?016，下文解釋了2016年成為自1895年以來(lái)最熱一年的原因。故選F。4．G段首題。下文“Wehavemoreunpredictableextremeweather．(我們有更多難以預(yù)測(cè)的極端天氣。)”說(shuō)明極端天氣的出現(xiàn)是我們始料未及的，G項(xiàng)“隨著全球平均氣溫的上升，天氣模式正在發(fā)生改變。”是為了引出下文，說(shuō)明天氣模式的改變是向極端天氣轉(zhuǎn)變。故選G。5．A段中題。下文“Thisiswhysomeareascanhaveasuddencoldsnaporcolderthannormalwinter,evenduringthelongtermtrendofglobalwarming．(這就是為什么一些區(qū)域即使在全球變暖的長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)下，也會(huì)有突然的寒流或比正常冬天更冷的原因。)”和A項(xiàng)“那將會(huì)帶來(lái)寒冷的北極空氣。”構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，是對(duì)北極空氣帶來(lái)的結(jié)果的解釋說(shuō)明。故選A。C(2023·福建省三明市高中畢業(yè)班三模)Themeaningofhappinessis,toanextent,subjective．Butexpertswesurveyedemphasizethesamecocktailofingredients:asenseofcontrolandindependence,beingguidedbymeaningandpurpose,andconnectingwithothers．1Spendingtimewithfamilyoutsideofthehouse,andwithfriendsinanon-professionalsetting,arestronglyrecommended．Themajoritydobothatleastonceaweek．2JohnZelenski,apsychologyprofessoratCarletonUniversity,describessocialrelationshipsasthechiefbuildingblocksofhappiness．“Weallbenefitfromclosefriendshipsandageneralsenseofrespectandbelonginginacommunity，”hesays．Mentalwell-beinghaslongbeenlinkedtosufficientsleep,andourrespondentsprioritizegettingatleastsevenhoursanight．3Respondentssaytheyfititinthreetosixtimesweekly．4Morethanhalfoftheexpertsreportdoingsoatleastthreetimesaweek．EmilianaSimon-Thomas,sciencedirectorattheUniversityofCalifornia,notesthatwhenshe'sstressed,shetakesawalkandmarvelsatflowers,plants,birds,insects．Shealsocountsbreathingexercises,readingpoetry,andwatchingstand-upcomedyamonghergo-tocopingstrategiesonbaddays．Otherexpertsovercomeunhelpfulthoughts,anxieties,andstressorsbyrevisitingfavoritebooks,listeningtosongs,orjournaling．JennLimremindsherselftostaycuriousandbegentleonherself．“Ifit'swithinmycontrol,thenIcanactbetteronit，”shesays．5Beinghappyis,afterall,auniversalandancientpursuit．Takecomfortintheknowledgethatevenexpertsfindittobeaconcepthardtodefineattimes．A．Andifit'swithout,sheknowstoletitgo．B．Someattachimportancetootherentertainments．C．Manygathersociallythreetofourtimesaweek．D．Exercisingorplayingsportsisanothersharedhabit．E．Mostrespondentssetspacefortheseintereststwiceaweek．F．Andtheylargelyagreehappinesscanbemeasuredandtaught．G．Anadditionalkeytounlockinghappinessmightbenearingnature．【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了能讓人們幸福的一些事情。1．F段尾題。上文“Butexpertswesurveyedemphasizethesamecocktailofingredients:asenseofcontrolandindependence,beingguidedbymeaningandpurpose,andconnectingwithothers．(但是我們調(diào)查的專家強(qiáng)調(diào)同樣的組合要素：控制感和獨(dú)立感，受意義和目標(biāo)的指引，以及與他人的聯(lián)系。)”指出專家對(duì)幸福的看法，空處承接上文，繼續(xù)描述專家對(duì)幸福的看法，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“他們基本上同意幸福是可以衡量和教導(dǎo)的。”符合，其中“They”代指上文提到的experts。故選F。2．C段中題。上文“Spendingtimewithfamilyoutsideofthehouse,andwithfriendsinanon-professionalsetting,arestronglyrecommended．Themajoritydobothatleastonceaweek．(我們強(qiáng)烈建議與家人待在屋外，與朋友在非專業(yè)的環(huán)境下相處。大多數(shù)人每周至少做一次這兩件事。)”提到我們要與家人、朋友相處，空處承接上文，C項(xiàng)“許多人一周聚會(huì)三到四次?！迸c上文“Themajoritydobothatleastonceaweek．”為并列關(guān)系，列舉了人們這樣做的次數(shù)。故選C。3．D段中題。上文“Mentalwell-beinghaslongbeenlinkedtosufficientsleep,andourrespondentsprioritizegettingatleastsevenhoursanight．(長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，心理健康一直與充足的睡眠聯(lián)系在一起，我們的受訪者優(yōu)先考慮每晚至少睡7個(gè)小時(shí)。)”提到受訪者都有一個(gè)共同的習(xí)慣就是充足的睡眠，D項(xiàng)“鍛煉或運(yùn)動(dòng)是另一個(gè)共同的習(xí)慣?！敝赋鍪茉L者其他的習(xí)慣，即鍛煉或運(yùn)動(dòng)，下文“Respondentssaytheyfititinthreetosixtimesweekly．(受訪者表示，他們每周會(huì)安排三到六次。)”進(jìn)一步解釋了他們鍛煉或運(yùn)動(dòng)的頻次，it代指選項(xiàng)中的“Exercisingorplayingsports”。故選D。4．G段首題。下文“Morethanhalfoftheexpertsreportdoingsoatleastthreetimesaweek．EmilianaSimon-Thomas,sciencedirectorattheUniversityofCalifornia,notesthatwhenshe'sstressed,shetakesawalkandmarvelsatflowers,plants,birds,insects．(超過(guò)一半的專家報(bào)告說(shuō)，他們每周至少會(huì)這樣做三次。加利福尼亞大學(xué)的科學(xué)主任EmilianaSimon-Thomas指出，當(dāng)她感到壓力時(shí)，她會(huì)散散步，驚嘆于花卉、植物、鳥類和昆蟲。)”指出接近自然能讓人們感到幸福，G項(xiàng)“開(kāi)啟幸福的另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵可能是接近自然。”能概括本段內(nèi)容。故選G。5．A段尾題。上文“JennLimremindsherselftostaycuriousandbegentleonherself．‘Ifit'swithinmycontrol,thenIcanactbetteronit，’shesays．(JennLim提醒自己要保持好奇心，對(duì)自己要溫柔?！绻谖业目刂品秶畠?nèi)，那么我可以做得更好，’她說(shuō)。)”可知，JennLim認(rèn)為如果好奇心在自己的控制范圍之內(nèi)，那么她可以做得更好，空處承接上文，對(duì)此進(jìn)行繼續(xù)描述，A項(xiàng)“如果沒(méi)有，她知道該放手?！奔僭O(shè)好奇心不在自己的控制范圍內(nèi)，該如何做。故選A。D(2023·廣東省佛山市高三一模)CampingTips&TricksforaFunTripManypeopleidealizecampingtripsasbeingthiseasy,effortlessencounterwithdestinationsrichwithnaturallandscapesandnightsunderthestarstwinklingintheskyabove．1That'swhywe'vepreparedthebestcampingtipsforyou!Planaccordingly,andthenplanagain．Whenyou'reoutinthemiddleofnowhere,youhavetobeequippedtonature'schallenges．2Therefore,aplanforunexpectedweatherchangesisessentialtoasuccessfulcampingtrip．Forexample,considerpackingextrasupplierslikeblankets．Whilethatmightseemlikeahugeinconvenience,thebiggestandrealissueoccurswhenyouneedsomethingyoudon'thave．Knowwhatyouneed．3Notallbeginnercamperswillneedthetop-of-the-line,latestsupplies．Butyoushouldhaveatleastthebasics!Thatincludesadecenttentwithenoughroomforpeoplecampingwithyou,agoodsleepingbagappropriatefortheseason,andothersupplieslikefoodandwater．You'dbettercreateaconvenientchecklistthatlaysouteverythingthatyoushouldconsider．4Whenyou'refarawayfromthemajorconvenienceswerelyuponlikeanurgentcarecenter,policestations,andemergencyrooms,youshouldalwaysrememberthatsafetyisyourfirstpriority!5Afirstaidkitisagreatstartingpoint,butit'scertainlynottheendofmaximizingyoursafetyefforts．Dependingonwhereyouplantocamp,you'llwanttograbtheseitemsthatcoveryouinmostemergencysituations:apocketknife,afirestarter,andasafetywhistle．Readytogocamping?Nowyouknowwhattoexpectandhowtoprepareforyournextcampingtrip,soyouactuallyhavefun—rainorshine!A．Alwayschooseasafecampsite．B．Neverleavehomewithoutsafetyinmind．C．Weencourageyoutocreateasafetysupplykit．D．Campingdoesn'thavetobecomplicatedorexpensive．E．Aclear3-dayforecastcaneasilyshiftintoasuddenheavyrain．F．Tomaximizeyourcomfort,alwaysbringappropriateclothesforcoldandrain．G．Butforbeginnercampers,thoseexpectationscanrapidlyturnintoamessofreality．【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了幾條露營(yíng)小技巧：做好相應(yīng)地計(jì)劃A，然后還需要B計(jì)劃以應(yīng)對(duì)變化的自然；按需準(zhǔn)備露營(yíng)物資；永遠(yuǎn)考慮安全，應(yīng)急安全包很重要。1．G段中題。下文“That'swhywe'vepreparedthebestcampingtipsforyou！(這就是為什么我們?yōu)槟鷾?zhǔn)備了最好的露營(yíng)小貼士！)”講述的是結(jié)果：準(zhǔn)備露營(yíng)小貼士。因此，設(shè)空句應(yīng)是講述這樣做的原因，呼應(yīng)why。選項(xiàng)G“Butforbeginnercampers,thoseexpectationscanrapidlyturnintoamessofreality．(但對(duì)于初學(xué)露營(yíng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這些期望很快就會(huì)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)的混亂。)”解釋了原因，且在句意上與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前后銜接緊密。故選G。2．E段中題。上文“Whenyou'reoutinthemiddleofnowhere,youhavetobeequippedtonature'schallenges．(當(dāng)你身處偏僻之地時(shí)，你必須準(zhǔn)備好迎接大自然的挑戰(zhàn)。)”提到了自然的挑戰(zhàn)，下文“Therefore,aplanforunexpectedweatherchangesisessentialtoasuccessfulcampingtrip．(因此，應(yīng)對(duì)意外天氣變化的計(jì)劃對(duì)于成功的露營(yíng)旅行至關(guān)重要。)”提到了不可預(yù)料的天氣變化，因此，設(shè)空句應(yīng)同樣涉及天氣話題，以與上下文銜接。選項(xiàng)E“Aclear3-dayforecastcaneasilyshiftintoasuddenheavyrain．(一個(gè)晴朗的3天預(yù)報(bào)很容易轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橥蝗坏拇笥辍?”符合題意，承上啟下。故選E。3．D段中題。根據(jù)主旨句“Knowwhatyouneed．(知道你需要什么。)”可知，該段講述的是對(duì)于露營(yíng)物資方面的準(zhǔn)備，且下文“Notallbeginnercamperswillneedthetop-of-the-line,latestsupplies．Butyoushouldhaveatleastthebasics！(并非所有初學(xué)露營(yíng)者都需要頂級(jí)的最新用品。但你至少應(yīng)該有