2024年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題A卷及答案解析

2024年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題A卷PartIWriting(30minutes)

注意：此局部試題在答題卡1上。

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1.如今不少學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中不重視拼寫

2.出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因

3.為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為…

DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

CaughtintheWeb

Afewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperdayonline.She'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-messagingprograms–leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehadaproblem.

"Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart–kindofslippingintoadepression,"saidCarla."IknewthatifIdidn'tgetoffthedatingsites,I'djustkeepgoing,"detaching(使脫離)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.

Toebe'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas"addicted"totheInternet.She'snotalone.

ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.

ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreseriousattention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.AndscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb.

"There'snoquestionthatthere'repeoplewho'reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'reoverdoingtheirInternetinvolvement,"saidpsychiatrist(精神科醫(yī)生)IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.

JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical."TheInternetisanenvironment,"hesaid."Youcan'tbeaddictedtotheenvironment."Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.

ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2024survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconceal"nonessentialInternetuse,"andnearly4%reportedfeeling"preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."

About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey"foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime."

"TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."They'reonlineinchatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtoporn(色情)orgambling"websites.

ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"intermsoflosses,"saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."Ifit'saloss[where]you'renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'stoomuch."

Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryandtheCenterforInternetBehavior.

ThewebsiteforOrzack'scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsofcomputeraddiction:

●Havingasenseofwell-being(幸福)orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.

●Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.

●Neglectoffamilyandfriends.

●Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.

●Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.

●Inabilitytostoptheactivity.

●Problemswithschoolorjob.

Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene(衛(wèi)生)andsleepdisturbances.

PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,"shesaid."Somepeoplesayrelief…becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."

SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscomplainingofa"gamingaddiction."

AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention(干預(yù)),inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'dgainedweight.

"There'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"withonlinegaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."

ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:"IhaveanInternetAddiction."

"I'mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'mfailingtoaccomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,"shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgage(抵押貸款)andfacelosingeverything."

Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"shesaidbyphonelastweek."It'salotbetternow."

注意：此局部試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。

1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?

A)Herdaughter'srepeatedcomplaints.

B)Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.

C)Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.

D)Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.

2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?

A)Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.

B)Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.

C)Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.

D)Peoplehaven'tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.

3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeople______.

A)trytoimprovetheInternetenvironment

B)becomeawareofitsseriousconsequences

C)canrealizewhatisimportantinlife

D)canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition

4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessiveif______.

A)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships

B)onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequently

C)toomuchtimewasspentinchatrooms

D)peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling

5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmayfeel______.

A)discouraged

B)pressured

C)depressed

D)puzzled

6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?

A)Hehadlostalotofmoney.

B)Hisfamilyhadintervened.

C)Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.

D)Hiscareerhadbeenruined.

7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto______.

A)improvehisonlinegamingskills

B)curbhisdesireforonlinegaming

C)showhowgoodheisatonlinegaming

D)exchangeonlinegamingexperience

8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe______.

9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'taffordtoseek______.

10.Nowthatshe'sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout______.轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)自學(xué)易網(wǎng)PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此局部試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

11.

A)Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.

B)Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.

C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.

D)Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.

12.

A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.

B)Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.

C)Themanneedn'tgoshoppingeveryweek.

D)Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.

13.

A)Getmorefoodanddrinks.

B)Askhisfriendtocomeover.

C)Tidyuptheplace.

D)Holdaparty.

14.

A)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisFriday.

B)HecouldchangehisscheduletomeetJohnSmith.

C)Thefirst-roundtalksshouldstartassoonaspossible.

D)ThewomanshouldcontactJohnSmithfirst.

15.

A)Heunderstandsthewoman'sfeelings.

B)Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.

C)Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.

D)Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.

16.

A)Shewillmeetthemanhalfway.

B)ShewillaskDavidtotalkless.

C)Sheissorrythemanwillnotcome.

D)ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty.

17.

A)FewstudentsunderstandProf.Johnson'slectures.

B)FewstudentsmeetProf.Jonson'srequirements.

C)ManystudentsfindProf.Johnson'slecturesboring.

D)ManystudentshavedroppedProf.Johnson'sclass.

18.

A)Checktheircomputerfiles.

B)Makesomecomputations.

C)Studyacomputerprogram.

D)Assembleacomputer.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.

A)Itallowshimtomakealotoffriends.

B)Itrequireshimtoworklonghours.

C)Itenableshimtoapplytheorytopractice.

D)Ithelpshimunderstandpeoplebetter.

20.

A)Itisintellectuallychallenging.

B)Itrequireshimtodowashing-upallthetime.

C)Itexposeshimtooilysmokealldaylong.

D)Itdemandsphysicalenduranceandpatience.

21.

A)Inahospital.

B)Atacoffeeshop.

C)Atalaundry.

D)Inahotel.

22.

A)Gettingalongwellwithcolleagues.

B)Payingattentiontoeverydetail.

C)Planningeverythinginadvance.

D)Knowingtheneedsofcustomers.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.

A)ThepocketmoneyBritishchildrenget.

B)TheannualinflationrateinBritain.

C)ThethingsBritishchildrenspendmoneyon.

D)TherisingcostofraisingachildinBritain.

24.

A)Itenableschildrentolivebetter.

B)Itgoesdownduringeconomicrecession.

C)Itoftenriseshigherthaninflation.

D)Ithasgoneup25%inthepastdecade.

25.

A)Saveupfortheirfutureeducation.

B)Payforsmallpersonalthings.

C)Buytheirownshoesandsocks.

D)Makedonationswhennecessary.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此局部試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

26.

A)Districtmanagers.

B)Regularcustomers.

C)Salesdirectors.

D)Seniorclerks.

27.

A)Thesupportprovidedbytheregularclients.

B)Theinitiativeshownbythesalesrepresentatives.

C)Theurgencyofimplementingthecompany'splans.

D)Theimportantpartplayedbydistrictmanagers.

28.

A)Someofthemwerepolitical-minded.

B)Fiftypercentofthemwerefemale.

C)Onethirdofthemwereseniormanagers.

D)Mostofthemwereratherconservative.

29.

A)Heusedtoomanyquotations.

B)Hewasnotgendersensitive.

C)Hedidnotkeeptothepoint.

D)Hespenttoomuchtimeondetails.

PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.

A)Stateyourproblemtotheheadwaiter.

B)Demandadiscountonthedishesordered.

C)Asktoseethemanagerpolitelybutfirmly.

D)Askthenameofthepersonwaitingonyou.

31.

A)Youproblemmaynotbeunderstoodcorrectly.

B)Youdon'tknowifyouarecomplainingattherighttime.

C)Yourcomplaintmaynotreachthepersonincharge.

D)Youcan'ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting.

32.

A)Demandapromptresponse.

B)Provideallthedetails.

C)Senditbyexpressmail.

D)Sticktothepoint.

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.

A)Fashiondesigner

B)Architect.

C)Cityplanner.

D)Engineer.

34.

A)Dosomevolunteerwork.

B)Getawell-paidpart-timejob.

C)Workflexiblehours.

D)Gobacktoherpreviouspost.

35.

A)Fewbaby-sitterscanbeconsideredtrustworthy.

B)Itwilladdtothefamily'sfinancialburden.

C)Ababy-sitterisnoreplacementforamother.

D)Thechildrenwon'tgetalongwithababy-sitter.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此局部試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,more(36)______,lessafraidofwhathedoesn'tknow,betteratfindingand(37)______thingsout,moreconfident,resourceful(機(jī)敏的),persistentand(38)______thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschooling–or,unlessheisvery(39)______andverylucky,fortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoand(40)______withtheworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutanyschool-type(41)______instruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicatedand(42)______thananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthananyofhisteachershasdoneforyears.Hehassolvedthe(43)______oflanguage.Hehasdiscoveredit–babiesdon'tevenknowthatlanguageexists–and(44)________________________________________________.Hehasdoneitbyexploring,byexperimenting,bydevelopinghisownmodelofthegrammaroflanguage,(45)________________________________________________untilitdoeswork.Andwhilehehasbeendoingthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell,(46)________________________________________________,andmanythataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones–thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe__47__wastefultotearthemalldownand__48__themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe__49__carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest__50__,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand__51__ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.

Withsome__52__,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat__53__overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.

Fortunately,therearea__54__numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from__55__oneslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(升級(jí))cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp__56__propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.

注意：此局部試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

A)accommodations

B)clumsy

C)doubtful

D)exceptions

E)expand

F)historic

G)incredibly

H)powering

I)protect

J)reduced

K)replace

L)sense

M)shifted

N)supplying

O)vast

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.

Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComorosIslandsintheIndiaoceanJune30,2024,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarine(潛水艇)detectedthedevice'shomingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.

In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane–thearealeastsubjecttoimpact–fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells(起落架艙).Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwereneveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.

Modernairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots'conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesandotheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft'sfinalmoments.Placedinaninsulated(隔絕的)caseandsurroundedbyaquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstandmassiveforceandtemperaturesupto2,000℉.Whensubmerged,they'realsoabletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2024,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,onlyoneplane'sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.

注意：此局部試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?

A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.

B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.

C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.

D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.

58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniairliner?

A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.

B)Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.

C)Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage.

D)Homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash.

59.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?

A)Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythattime.

B)Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.

C)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.

D)Theearlymodelsdidn'tprovidetheneededdata.

60.WhydidtheFederalAviationAuthorityrequiretheblackboxesbepaintedorangeoryellow?

A)Todistinguishthemfromthecolouroftheplane.

B)Tocautionpeopletohandlethemwithcare.

C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.

D)Toconformtointernationalstandards.

61.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?

A)Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.

B)Thereisanurgentneedforthemtobereconstructed.

C)Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.

D)TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike"Ineverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Icansucceed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?

ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.

Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourdimfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayistswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.

Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students'self-esteem.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."

Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation.Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.

Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(心理治療)thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(靜思)techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.

注意：此局部試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?

A)Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.

B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.

C)ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.

D)Ithasyieldedpositiveresults.

63.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?

A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmanydomoreharmthangood.

B)Therecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalproblems.

C)Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.

D)Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.

64.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"…you'rejustunderlininghisfaults"(Line4,Para.3)?

A)Youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough.

B)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted.

C)Youareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotintelligent.

D)Youaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults.

65.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?

A)Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyboosttheirself-esteem.

B)Self-affirmationcanbringapositivechangetoone'smood.

C)Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem.

D)Peoplewithlowself-esteemseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.

66.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A)Theeffectsofpositivethinkingvaryfrompersontoperson.

B)Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy.

C)Differentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofthinking.

D)Peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditation.

PartVCloze(15minutes)

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourc