2022屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀之說明文訓(xùn)練（含答案）

2022高考英語閱讀之說明文訓(xùn)練（含答案）

（A）

Oneoutofthreekidsinourcountryarenowconsideredobese（過度月巴胖

的）.Lifeisdifferentnowfromwhenwegrewup.Thedaysofallowingourchildrento

ridetheirbikesandplayoutsidearenearlygone.Withtheaveragekidspendingseven

hoursadayonallscreenmediacombined（TV,videos,DVDs,computertimeoutside

ofschoolwork,andvideogames）,ourchildrenarenotgettingtheminimum

requirementofonehourofexerciseperdaythattheyneed.

Thisneedstobechanged,butwheredowestart?

Weleadbyexample.Ifyoudon*tworkout,yourchildrenmostlikelywon't

either.Childrenwillmimicwhatyoudomorethanthey'lleverlistentowhatyou

say.Howmanytimeshaveyouthought,“Mychildisjustlikeme?”

Manyofuswaittohavetheperfecttimetoexercise,butweneedtodeliberately

makethetime.Ifnecessary,exercisingfor10minutesthreetimesadayisagreatway

togetstarted.Afterall,someactivityisalwaysbetterthannone.

Agreatwaytoensurethatyourwholefamilybenefitsfromfitnessactivitiesisto

doactivitiesthatyourwholefamilycandotogether.Youcantakewalksafterdinner,

playinthebackyard,putonaZumbavideoanddancewithyourkids,signyour

childrenandyourselfupforclassesatthelocalgym,andhike,bike,andswimonthe

weekends.

Iknowyou'rebusy.Butweallgetthesame24hoursinaday,andweneedto

makethemcount.Theexcuseof"Idon*thaveenoughisaveryrealone,but

withawareness（意識）ofourtimemanagementandplanning,wecanalldo

better.Organizeyourlife,livebyaschedule,andmodelthebehavioryouwanttosee

inyourchildren.

1.Whatcontributestochildhoodobesityintheauthor'sopinion?

A-Children'shobbies.

B.Parents1habits.

C.Thelivingenvironment.

D.Theschoolrequirements.

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2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mimic"probablymean?

A.Copy.B.Wonder.

C.Approve.D.Suspect.

3.Accordingtothetext,weshouldmakethetimetoexerciseby.

A.limitingscreentime

B.schedulingitinadvance

C.consultingourgymcoach

D.talkingwithourfamilymembers

4.Whydoestheauthoradviseparentstodevelopthehabitofexercising?

A.Tofightagainstageing.

B.Tocontroltheirweight.

C.Ibimprovetheirfitness.

D.Tosetanexampletotheirkids.

（B）

MeetsomeofthenativesofHawaiianstodayandyoumayjustfindthatnot

muchhaschangedintheirnature-lovingculture.ManyHawaiiansshowinterestand

activelytakepartintheancientartsandcraftsoftheirancestors.Theyareenthusiastic

aboutpreservingtheircultureandtheirtraditions,whichmakesthemoneofthemost

long-lastingandperseveringculturesintheworld.Perhapsitisbecauseoftheirclose

tieswithandrespectfornaturethattheHawaiiansholdonsotightlytotheirways.

Perhapsthemostheart-warmingaspectofHawaiiancultureissimplytheir

inviting,welcomingandhospitable（好客的）spirit.Kindnesscanbeseeninthesmiles

ontheirfacesandtheuniquegreeting“Aloha!”“Aloha“iscommonlyusedtosay

“heHo"or"goodbye”.Onadeeperlevel,however,thisisalsoagreetingthatismeant

toexpressaspiritofharmony（和諧）,positivityandgoodnessamongone

another.WhennativeHawaiiansgreetyou“Aloha"，theyareexpressingtheirlove,

respectandgoodwishes.Inmanyways,thesimplicityoftheword“Aloha"andits

deepmeaningreflect（反映）thebeautyoftheHawaiianislandsanditspeople.

Thethemehereseemstobethatthebeautyisinthedetails.TheHawaiianculture

isinfluencedjustasmuchbysocial,politicalandeconomicfactorsasitisbythe

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changingtides,risingmountains,livingforestsandshinningstars.Ifyouplanon

takingavacationtoHawaii,remembertotakesometimetorelaxandgettoknowthe

peopleandthespiritof“Aloha”.You'resuretotakepleasureinenjoyingeverylittle

detailofHawaii-itscultureanditspeople.

1.WhydoHawaiianstakeanactivepartintheancientartsandcrafts?

A.Toattractmoretourists.

B.Topreservetheirculture.

C.Tolearnabouttheirearlyhistory.

D.Toshowrespecttotheirancestors.

2.Whatisthemostheart-warmingaspectofHawaiianculture?

A.Theirloveofnature.

B.Theirsimplewayofliving.

C?Theirkindnesstovisitors.

D.Theirspecialwayofgreeting.

3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheHawaiians*uniquegreeting“Aloha”？

A.Itsmeaningiscomplexandunclear.

B.Itismainlyusedtoexpressthefeelingoflove.

C.Itisusuallyusedtogreetpeopleforthefirsttime.

D.IthasadeepspiritualmeaningtonativeHawaiians.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.TheHawaiianculture.

B.ThebeautyofHawaii.

C.ThenativesofHawaiians.

D.ThegoodspiritofHawaiians.

(C)

Whileyoumightnotrealizeit,theenvironmentwhereyousleepcanmakea

greatdifferenceintheactualqualityofsleepthatyougeteverynight.Withafew

simplelifestylechanges,youcancreateahealthysleepenvironmentthathelps

improveyoursleepquality.

Gotobedandgetupatthesametimeeveryday,evenonweekends,holidays

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anddaysoff.Studiesshowthatpeoplewhodosoaremorerestedthanthosewhosleep

irregularly（不規(guī)律地）.

Gotosleeponlywhenyoustarttofeelsleepy.Ifyoudon'tfallasleepwithin

about15minutes,getupanddosomethingrelaxing.Gobacktobedwhenyouare

tired.

Payattentiontowhatyoueatanddrink.Don'tgotobedeitherhungryor

stuffed.Yourdiscomfortmightkeepyouup.Avoidcaffeine（咖啡因）6hoursbeforeyou

sleep.Havingacupofcoffeewithinafewhoursofbedtimecankeepyouawakefor

hourswhenyouaretryingtosleep.Coffeeisn'ttheonlyproductcontaining

caffeine.Avoidchocolateandtea,too.Alsolimit（限制）howmuchyoudrinkbefore

bedtopreventtripstothetoiletatnight.

ManypeopleturnontheTVbeforetheygotobed.TVinfluencesyournatural

sleephabitsbymakingyoustayuplongerthanyouusuallywould,especiallyifyou

arewatchingsomethingexciting.InsteadofturningontheTV,readabook.Light

readingbeforebedcanhelpyoufallintoadeepsleepquickly.

Ifyousufferfromserioussleepproblems,gotoyourdoctor.Yourdoctorwill

helptreattheproblemormayadviseyoutoseeasleepspecialist.

1.Whatshouldyoudotomakesureyouhaveagoodsleepatweekendsaccordingto

thetext?

A.Getupabitlaterthanusual.

B.Gotobedataregulartime.

C-WatchsomerelaxingTVprograms.

D.Avoiddrinkingcoffeeorteaintheday.

2.Whatdoestheauthoradviseyoutodoifyoucan'tfallasleepafterlyinginbedfor

15minutes?

A.Todrinksomewater.

B.Todosomelightreading.

C.Iblistentolightmusic.

D.Togetupandrelax.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stu他d"inParagraph4mean?

A.Havingslepttoomuch.

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B?Havingeatentoomuch.

C.Feelingtoosad.

D.Feelingtotired.

4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.Whattodobeforegoingtobed.

B.Theimportanceofsleepingwell.

C.Howtoimproveyoursleepquality.

D.Therelationshipbetweensleepandlifestyle.

(D)

Isyourbedroomreallyhot?Ifitis,itmaybeaffectingyourmemory,andother

thinkingskills.Newresearchshowsthatsleepinginahotroomcanaffectthethinking

abilityofevenhealthyyoungadults.ThisfindingcomesfromHarvard

University.Researcherstherelookedat24studentsbefore,duringandafteraheat

wavefbr12days.Ofthe24students,foursleptinroomswithair-conditioning,also

called"AC"fbrshort.And20sleptinroomswithoutAC.

JoseGuillermoledthestudy.Hesaidtheyalsousedtoolsthatrecordedphysical

activity,includingheartrate,sweat,andsomesleepconditions.Theresearchersalso

notedhowmuchwaterthestudentsdrankandhowmuchtimetheyspentoutside.

Basically,theyfoundgreatharmtothethinkingabilityofthestudyparticipants

(參與者)inroomswithoutAC.Duringtheheatwave,studentsinbuildingswithout

ACperformedonaverage13percentworseattheteststhanthoseincoolerrooms.

Specifically,thestudentswhosleptwithoutACduringaheatwavewereslowerto

respondandhaddifficultymakingquickdecisions.

DaisyChang(whowasnotpartofthisstudy)isapsychologistatMichiganState

University.Shesaystherecouldbeotherreasonsfortheirpoorperformance."Alotof

reasonscouldpotentiallyexplainthiskindofexposureeffect.It'snotnecessarily

directlyexposuretoheat.Theheatcouldhaveaffectedtheirsleepqualitysothey*re

lessrested——theyhavelessenergy,ormentalresources,orabilitytofocus.”

TheroomswithoutAChadfansandopenwindows.So,theywerelouderat

night.Thiscouldhavemadesleepingdifficult.Ontheotherhand,airconditioned

roomscanholdhigherlevelsofcarbondioxide.Thiscanalsoaffectaperson'sability

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tothink.However,thestudentssleptbetterinacoolerroom.

1.Accordingtotheresearch,whatisnegativelyaffectedifyourbedroomisreally

hot?

A.Heartrate.B.Waterintake.

C.Bloodpressure.D.Thinkingability.

2.WhydoestheauthormentionDaisyChang?

A.Toshowhowtheheatwaveaffectspeople.

B.Toexplainwherethefindingcanbeapplied.

C?Toindicatethefindingneedstobefurtherinvestigated.

D.Toexplainthereasonsfortheeffectofexposuretoheat.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they"referto?

A.TheroomswithoutAC.

B-Thefansandopenwindows.

C-Theairconditionersthemselves.

D.ThestudentsinroomswithoutAC.

4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?

A.Hotweatheraffectsat-riskpopulations.

B.Thestudyitselfwascarelesslyprepared.

C.Itsfindingiscontradictoryandconfusing.

D.Sleepinginhotroomsisbadforthebrain.

（E）

WhenonethinksofValentine'sDay,he/shethinksoftheholidayoflove.

However,theoriginsofthisdayactuallyhaveadarkbackground.

AccordingtoH,inaround270A.D.,therewasafertility（生

育）festivalcalledLupercalia.Tostartthefestivalthepriestswouldsacrifice（祭祀）a

goatforfertility.Thepriestswouldthencutthegoatskinintostrips,diptheminto

bloodandgoaroundthestreetsslapping（抽打）womenwiththegoatskin.

TheRomanwomenwelcomedtheslapsbecausetheybelieveditwouldmake

themmorefertileinthenextyear.Thesecondpartofthefestivalwasaceremony.All

oftheyoungwomenwouldputtheirnamesinapotandtheunmarriedmenwould

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picktheirpairfortheyearandthewell-matchedpairusuallyendedinmarriage.

Itwasn'tuntiltheMiddleAgesthatValentine'sDaybecameconnectedwith

love.InFranceandEngland,Feb.14wasthebeginningofthebirds*mating（交酉己）

season,whichaddedtotheideaofromance.Anditwasn'tuntilthe17thcenturythatit

becamecommonforfriendsandloverstoexchangesmallgiftsornotes.

However,intoday'ssocietytherearetwodifferentviewsonthedayoflove.The

firstisthatValentine'sDayisjustaholidaythatiscreatedbythecard,flower,and

jewelleryindustries.ThesecondisthatValentine'sDayisadaytolovethosewhoare

helddeartoone'sheart.Valentine^Dayisamajorholidaythatmillionsofpeople

spendacertainamountofmoneyonforthepeopletheylove.Theapproximateamount

ofmoneythatisexpectedtobespentonValentine'sDayis$19.7billion.

EventhoughValentine'sDayintoday*ssocietyisacelebrationoflove,itonce

startedoutasaholidaycelebratingfertility.

1.Whoweremostaffectedby“Lupercalia“inancientRome?

A.Children.B.Priests.

C.Farmers.D.Women.

2.WhatareresponsibleforValentine'sDayinitsmodernsense?

A.Religiousactivities.B.Naturalphenomena.

C.Politicalsystems.D.Culturalexchanges.

3.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastbutoneparagraph?

A.Valentine'sDayiscausingdisagreementsamongpeople.

B.Valentine'sDayisgoingtobecelebrateddifferently.

C.Valentine'sDayisbecomingabigdayfbrbusiness.

D.Valentine'sDayisgraduallylosingitspopularity.

4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ThedarkhistoryofValentine'sDay

B?AmajorfestivalinancientRome

C.Valentine'sDayintheMiddleAges

D.Aromanticdayforlovers

（F）

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E-wasteisgrowing,andwiththatcomestheneedforeffectiveelectronics

recyclingprograms.PeoplearelookingforinformationonTVrecycling,computer

recycling,andotherprogramsthatwillhelpthemresponsiblygetridofunwanted

equipment.

Withnewcheapdevices（設(shè)備），societyhasgainedgreatbenefits.However,they

haveledtoarapidlygrowingissueofend-of-life（EOL）electronicsore-waste.

Accordingtoonereport,nearly75percentofoldelectronicscontinuetobestoredat

homebecauseoftheunavailabilityofconvenientrecyclingprograms.

TheseEOLelectronicdevicesincludesuchitemsasold-fashionedcomputer

equipment,televisionsandmobilephones.Suchitemscanoftenberecycled,yeta

largeamountstillfindsitswaytothelandfill（垃圾填埋地）.Recentrecyclingis

unabletocatchupwiththerapidgrowthofe-waste.Forexample,for2009,the

U.S.EPAreportedthatonly8percentofcellphoneswererecycledbyweight,along

with17percentoftelevisions,and38percentofcomputers.

Electronicsrecyclingisessential.Electronicsarearichsourceofraw

materials.Internationally,only10-15percentofthegoldine-wasteissuccessfully

recoveredwhiletherestislost.However,electronicwastecontainspreciousmetal

evaluatedtobebetween40and50timesricherthanores（礦石）fromtheearth.

Additionally,oldelectronicdevicescontainpoisonoussubstances.Properprocessing

isessentialtoensurethatthesematerialsarenotreleasedintotheenvironment.

Howcanconsumersrecycletheiroldelectronicdevices?Thebestchoiceisto

donatecomputerequipmentthatcanbereused.Otherrecyclingopportunitiesinclude

electronicsrecyclerlocationsorelectronicsrecyclingprogramssuchasthoseoffered

byBestBuy.Also,otherprogramsareavailabletohelpuswiththerecyclingofcell

phones,suchasthroughCall2Recycle.

1.Whatcausedtherapidincreaseofe-waste?

A.Thegrowthofnewcheapdevices.

B.Thepoorstorageconditionsathome.

C.Theunavailabilityofrecyclingprograms.

D.Thelackofrelatedenvironmentalpolicies.

2.WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph3show?

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A.Cellphonesarehardtorecycle.

B.Theelectronicsrecyclingrateisstilllow.

C.EOLelectronicdevicesincludevariousitems.

D.Manyelectronicscan'tfindtheirwaytothelandfill.

3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingParagraph4?

A.Toshowhowtorecycleelectronicseffectively.

B.Toshowwhyitisimportanttorecycleelectronics.

C.Todrawpeople'sattentiontoelectronicsrecycling.

D.Toaskmorepeopletojoininelectronicsrecycling.

4.Weknowfromthelastparagraphthatconsumers.

A.aremorewillingtodonatetheirusedequipment

B.helpCall2Recyclealotinelectronicsrecycling

C?haveanumberofrecyclingopportunities

D.hopetohavemorerecyclingprograms

（G）

OldProblem,NewApproaches

Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarningwill

continuefbrsomedecadesafterCO2emission（排放）peak.Soevenifemissionwere

tobegindecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimate.Here

Iwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.

Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimate

changeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,but

toaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNational

ClimateAssessmentsaysthat:"Thereisno'one-sizefitall'adaptation.”

Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcairylittleriskorcost.

Aroundtheworldpeopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsome

poorcountries.FloodshavesomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.

MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.His

not-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserverasfloatinglibraries,

schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandother

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communicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity（連接）toreplace

floodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:

hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstoprevent

starvationduringthewetseason.

ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.Chewang

NorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.

Thelossofglaciers（冰川）thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreat

toagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcan

damagecrops.Norphefsinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,

whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereit

froze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimed

irrigation（灌溉）water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthat

hehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,so

NorphePsicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheis

providingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindother

meansofadapting.

IncreasingEarth9sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthe

suddenincreaseofgreenhouses（whichreflectlightbacktospace）haschangedthe

warmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeis

heatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexample

shouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslow

downthewarmingprocess.

InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallen

victimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthe

hopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstill

farfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitsli