高中英語選修課件SectionⅢGrammar

高中英語選修課件SectionⅢGrammar2024-02-04匯報人：XXOverviewandImportanceofGrammarNominalclauseAttributiveclauseAdverbialclauseSubjunctivemoodOmittedandinvertedsensescontents目錄CHAPTEROverviewandImportanceofGrammar01Grammaristhesetofstructuralrulesthatgovernthecompositionofclauses,phrases,andwordsinanygivennaturallanguageItfunctionsasthebackboneoflanguage,enablingustoconstructsensesthatareunderstandableandmeaningfulGrammaralsoplaysacriticalroleincommunication,asithelpstoconveymessagesclearlyandaccuratelyGrammardefinitionandfunctionHighschoolstudentsareexpectedtomasterbasicgraphicalstructuressuchasnouns,verbs,objectives,advertisements,positions,connections,andinterferencesStudentsshouldalsounderstandandbeabletoapplycomplexgraphicalstructureslikeclauses,phrases,andpresencepatternsTheyshouldbeabletoidentifyandusedifferenttensions,voices,andmoodscorrectlyHighSchoolEnglishGrammarRequirements0102Subjectver…WhenthesubjectandverbdonotagreeinnumberorpersonArticleusageerrorsIncorrectuseof"a,""an,"or"the."PositionerrorsUsingthewrongpositionoromittingitaltogetherTenseandaspecterrorsMixingtensionsorusingthewrongtenseforaspecificcontextPronounusageerrorsIncorrectuseofPronounssuchas"he,""she,""it,""they,"etc030405CommontypesofgrammarerrorsReadinghelpstoimprovegrammarbyexposingyoutodifferentpresencestructuresandgraphicalpatternsReadingWritingregularlyhelpstoidentifyandcorrectgraphicalerrorsWritingPracticinggrammarexercisesandquizzeshelpstorevisegrammarrulesandstructuresPracticingGrammarcheckerscanhelpidentifyandcorrectcommongrammarerrorsquicklyandeasilyUsinggrammarcheckersMethodstoimprovegrammarlevelCHAPTERNominalclause02TypesSubjectclaims,objectclaims,predictiveclaims,andapparentclaimsarethefourmaintypesofnonclaimsCharacteristicsNounclaimsfunctionasnounsinsenses,servingassubjects,objects,predictions,orattitudesTheytypicallybelieveofasubjectandaverb,andmayalsoincludeothermodifiersorcompletenessTypesandcharacteristicsofnounclausesCommonguidingwordsfornounclausesinclude"that,""which/if,""who,""who,""who,""who,""which,""what,""which,"and"whatever."ThechoiceofguidingworddependsonthespecificcontextandthefunctionofthenounclauseinthesentenceForexample,"that"isoftenusedtointroduceadeclarativeclause,while"other/if"isusedtointroduceanaggressiveclauseItisimportanttoensurethattheguidingwordselectedisgrammaticallycorrectandfitsthecontextofthesentenceAdditionally,someguidingwordsmaybecommittedincertaincases,dependingonthespecificrulesofgrammarGuidingwordsfornounclausesSelectioncriteriaUsagenotesSelectionandUseofGuidingWordsInnounclauses,specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheuseoftense.Generallyspeaking,thetenseofthemainclauseandthesubordinateclauseneedstobeconsistent,unlesstherearespecialcircumstances.Forexample,whenthemainclauseispresentorfuturetense,thesubordinateclausecanuseanytenseasneeded.TenseissueThevoiceofnounclausesalsoneedstobedeterminedbasedonspecificcircumstances.Iftheactionintheclauseistakenbythesubjectofthemainclause,theactivevoiceisusuallyused.Iftheactioninthesubordinateclauseoccursonthesubjectofthemainclause,thepassivevoiceisusuallyused.VoiceissueTenseandvoiceissuesAnalysisandAnswerstoTypicalExampleQuestionsAnalyzethenounclausesinthefollowingsentencesandindicatetheirtypesandfunctions.Example1Inthissentence,"whathesaid"isanounclause,servingastheobjectoftheverb"believed".Itisanobjectclause,guidedby"what"andservesasthesubjectintheclause.AnswerExample2:Correctgrammarerrorsinthefollowingsentencesandexplainthereasons.Answer:Inthissentence,"that"introducesanounclauseasthesubject,but"that"isredundantinthispositionandshouldbeomitted.Becausewhenaclauseisusedasthesubject,"that"canusuallybeomitted.Thecorrectsentenceshouldbe:"Itisobjective(that)hehasmadeamistake."Inthissentence,"hehasmadeamistake"isasubjectclause,butduetotheappearanceof"it"asaformalsubject,"that"isomitted.AnalysisandAnswerstoTypicalExampleQuestionsCHAPTERAttributiveclause03Definitionofanattributiveclause:Anattributiveclauseisacompletesentenceusedasanattributivetomodifyanounorpronoun,usuallylocatedaftertheobjectbeingmodified.Thefunctionofrelativeclausesistofurtherdescribeorexplaintheantecedent,makingthesentencemorespecificandvivid.BasicconceptsandfunctionsofrelativeclausesIntroducerelativeclausesandreplaceantecedentstoactassubjects,objects,orpredicateinclauses.Commonlyusedrelativepronounsincludewho,who,who,who,that,which,etc.RelativepronounsIntroducerelativeclauses,actasadverbialsinclauses,indicatingtime,place,orreason.Commonrelativeadverbsincludewhen,where,why,etc.RelativeadverbsTheusageofrelatedpronunciationsandrelatedadvertisementsRestrictiveattributiveclauseLimitingormodifyingtheantecedentisanessentialattributeoftheantecedent.Iftheattributiveclauseisremoved,themeaningofthemainsentencewillbeincompleteorloseitsmeaning.NonrestrictiverelativeclauseSupplementandexplaintheantecedent.Iftherelativeclauseisremoved,themeaningofthemainsentenceremainscomplete.Nonrestrictiverelativeclausesareusuallyseparatedfromthemainclausebycommas.ThedifferencebetweenrestrictiveandnonrestrictiverelativeclausesTypicalexampleanalysisByanalyzingtypicalexamples,helpstudentsunderstandandmastertheusageandtestpointsofrelativeclauses.AnswerskillsSummarizetheanswerskillsforrelativeclauses,suchasidentifyingantecedents,determiningthecomponentsofrelativewordsintheclause,andpayingattentiontothewordorderoftheclause.AnalysisandAnswerstoTypicalExampleQuestionsCHAPTERAdverbialclause04Timeadvisoryclause:ItexpressesthetimewhenanactiontakesplaceorthetimeintervalbetweentwoactionsCommonconnectionsinclude"when,""while,""as,""after,""before,"etcPlaceadvisoryclause:ItindicateswhereanactionoccursCommonconnectionsinclude"where"anditscompoundssuchas"where."Causeadvisoryclause:ItexplainsthereasonorcauseforanactionorstateCommonconnectionsinclude"because,""since,""as,""for,"etcConditionadvisoryclause:ItexpressesaconditionorsupportonwhichanactionorstatedependsCommonconnectionsinclude"if,""less,""providedthat,""supportingthat,"etcTypesandfunctionsofadvisoryclauses"When"and"while"areoftenusedtointroducetimeadaptiveclaims,indicatingshorttermandlongtermactionsareobserved"Because"and"since"arecommonlyusedincauseadverseclaimstoexplainthereasonforsomething"Where"istypicallyusedtointroduceplacealternativeclauses,specifyingthelocationofanaction"If"and"less"arefrequentlyfoundinconditionadvisoryclauses,expressingconditionsforanactionorstatetooccurrenceCommonconnectionsandtheirusageIngeneral,thetenseoftheverbinthesubborderclauseshouldcorrespondtothatinthemainclause單擊此處添加正文，文字是您思想的提煉，為了最終呈現(xiàn)發(fā)布的良好效果，請盡量言簡意賅的闡述觀點(diǎn)；單擊此處添加正文，文字是您思想的提煉，為了最終呈現(xiàn)發(fā)布的良好效果，請盡量言簡意賅的闡述觀點(diǎn)；單擊此處添加正文，文字是您思想的提煉，為了最終呈現(xiàn)發(fā)布的良好效果，請盡量言簡意賅的闡述觀點(diǎn)；單擊此處添加正文10*16ItisimportanttocarefullyanalyzethecontextandmeaningofthepresencetodeterminethecorrecttenseusageTheproblemoftensecorrespondencebetweensubjectsandadjacentclausesExample1:Analyzethefunctionoftheadvisoryclauseinthepresence"Iwashavingdinnerwhenthephonerang."Answer:Theadvisoryclause"whenthephonerang"functionsasatimeadvisoryclause,indicatingthetimewhentheactionof"havingdinner"wastakingplaceExample2:Identifytheconnectionusedtointroducethecauseadvisoryclauseinthepresence"SinceIdidn'thaveenoughmoney,Icouldnotbuythebook."Answer:Theconnection"since"isusedtointroducethecauseadvisoryclause"Ididn'thaveenoughmoney,"explainingthereasonwhytheactionof"couldnotbuythebook"occursExample3:Explainthetensecorrespondencebetweenthemainclauseandtheboundaryclauseinthesentence"IfIhadknownthetruth,Iwouldhavehelpedyou."Answer:Inthissentence,theboundaryclause"IfIhadknownthetruth"usesthepastperfecttensetoexpressapastconditioncontrasttofactThemainclause"Iwouldhavehelpedyou"usestheconditionalperfecttensetoexpressthecorrespondingresultthatwouldhaveoccurredunderthatconditionAnalysisandAnswerstoTypicalExampleQuestionsCHAPTERSubjunctivemood05Subjunctivemoodisaverbformthatexpresseswishes,suggestions,possibilities,oruncertaintiesthatarecontemporarytoknownfactsDefinitionItisusedtoexpressthematicsituations,desires,recommendations,anddoublesthatarenotbasedonactualfactsFunctionsSubjunctionmoodhasdifferenttensionsandforms,includingpresentsubjunction,pastsubjunction,andperfectsubjunctionTensesandformsThebasicconceptsandfunctionsofsubfunctionalmoodType1conditionalsensesPresentsubjunctionisusedintheifclausetoexpressathematiccondition,andthemainclauseusesthefuturetensetoexpressthepossibleoutcomeType2conditionalsensesPastsubjunctionisusedintheifclausetoexpressacontemporarytofactcondition,andthemainclauseusesthewould/should/court/night+verbformtoexpresstheimagingresultType3conditionalsensesPastperfectsubjunctionisusedintheifclausetoexpressapastcontrasttofactcondition,andthemainclauseuseswould/should/court/night+have+pastparticletoexpresstheimagingpastresultTheapplicationofsubconjunctivemoodinconditionalsenses

TheapplicationofsubconjunctivemoodinnounclausesSubjectclausesSubjectivemoodcanbeusedinsubjectclausestoexpresswishes,probabilities,oruncertaintiesObjectclassesSubjunctivemoodcanalsobeusedinobjectclassestoexpresssimilarmeaningsasinsubjectclassesPredictiveclausesSubjunctivemoodissometimeusedinpredictiveclausestocompletethesubjectorobjectwithatheoreticaloruncertainstatementApplicationofsubconjunctivemoodinotherstructuresWishesandhopesSubjunctivemoodisoftenusedtoexpresswishesandhopes,specificallyinformalorliterarycontextsSuggestionsandrecommendationsSubjuncti