中考非謂語動詞-2023年江蘇省中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識+題型練習(xí)

專題03中考非謂語動詞考點

我們把在句子當(dāng)中起名詞、形容詞或副詞作用，充當(dāng)謂語之外的其它句子成分的動詞稱為非謂語動詞。

一、非謂語動詞共分為三種：

1.動詞不定式（to+動詞原形）可用作名詞、形容詞或副詞。

2.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成；過去分詞有“動詞原形+ed”構(gòu)成）可用作形容詞或

副詞（現(xiàn)在分詞：表主動，進行；過去分詞：表被動，完成）。

3.動名詞（動名詞由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成"）可用作名詞或形容詞。

二、非謂語動詞的作用

不定式

1、作主語（it做形式主語,注意for/ofsb區(qū)別）

It,sveryexcitingtohaveaChinesefriend.

It'simportanttoeatabalanceddiet.Ittakesabout25minutestowalk.

It,sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.

It,sveryniceofyoutohelpme.

2、作賓語（總結(jié)后接不定式做賓語的動詞：ask,decide,expect,learn,manage,plan,refuse,want）

Ihopetohaveamorecomfortablebed.

Hedecidestobuyanotherpairoftrainersforhisdaughter.

Atlast,thechildrenmanagedtoentertheroom.

Iwanttolearnaboutart.

在find,think后用讓做形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放在句末。

eg:

Ifindithardtounderstandthepassage.

Ithinkitinterestingtoreadthisbook.

Thesechildrenmayfindithardtothinkforthemselves.

3、作表語

Perhapsoneofthemostpolitewaysistoasksomeone,??WouldyouminddoingthisorWouldyoumindnotdoing

that7,

4、作定語

BridgeStreetisagoodplacetohavefun.

Letmetellyouthewaytomyhouse.

Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?

Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(worιyaboutnothing)

Haveyougotanythingtosay?(saysomething)

5、作賓語補足語

Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.

此處toturndowntheradio為賓語him的補足語，turndown這個動作由he來做，是邏輯上的主語。

這類動詞一般可以分為三類：

1)實義動詞

一些動詞只能用動詞不定式做賓語補足語：tell,ask,want,allow,wouldlike,encourage,invite,need,tell,advise

等。

OurEnglishteacherencouragesustoreadloudlyinthemorning.

2)感官動詞和使役動詞

有些感官動詞和使役動詞如hear,watch,see,notice,make,let,have等后跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時常常

省去不定式符號to.

IsawhimgointotheClassroomjustnow.

但將此句改為被動句時,省去的不定式符號t。應(yīng)加上。

Weseealotofboysplaybasketballintheafternoon.

→Alotofboysareseentoplaybasketballintheafternoonbyus.

Thestrictfathermakesthechildrendohouseworkeveryday.

→Thechildrenaremadetodohouseworkbythestrictfathereveryday.

3)help

動詞help比較特殊,后跟不定式作賓語補足語時,既可帶to,也可不帶to。

e.g.:Theboyaskedhisfathertohelphim（to）workouttheproblem.

6、作狀語

通常情況下，動詞不定式在句子中充當(dāng)：

1）目的狀語：一般置于句末或句首，用來表示做某事的目的，通常todo可以用inorder。進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換;

IwenttothelibrarytostudyEngIiSh.（表示目的）

=IwenttothelibraryinordertostudyEnglish.

=To/InordertostudyEnglish,Iwenttothelibrary.

2）結(jié)果狀語：一般置于句末，用來表示做事的結(jié)果，初中常見的句型有：too...to...;enough.,to..

Shearrivedattheairporttofindthetrainhadleft.

Theyoungmanwasnotstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybag.

=Theyoungmanwastooweaktocarrytheheavybag.

7、與特殊疑問詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語

decide,findout,forget,know,learn,remember,Wonder等動詞常接“疑問詞+動詞不定式”這個結(jié)構(gòu)，用

作賓語。疑問詞一般是What,who（m）,where,how,whether,which

Idon,tknowwheretogo.

Hecan,tdecidewhattobuy.

Wewonderhowtodealwithit.

不定式的否定形式

Mymotheralwaystellsmenottostayoutlate.

too.....to.......太…以至于不能…

動名詞

1.動名詞作主語（謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式）

Eatingdangshenandhuangqiherbsisalsogoodforthis.

Knockingintoplayersandfallingdownwouldbedangerous

2.動名詞作賓語

?enjoy/practice/endup∕finish∕consider∕keep/bebusy/imagine/mind

②thanksfbr/beusedto/prefer...to.../payattentionto/begoodat/lookforwardto/havedifficulty(in)∕havetrouble

(in)∕haveconfidence(in)

Doyoumindopeningthewindow?

MyfatherenjoyswatchingTV.

注意:有些動詞即可用動名詞作直接賓語,也可以用不定式作直接賓語,兩者有著截然不同的意義。

(I)like,love,prefer,hate......等表示喜愛、厭惡、偏好的情感動詞，后跟不定式表示“僅一時的愛憎情感

或指特定或具體某次行為”；后跟動名詞表示“抽象性的一種傾向、愛好或習(xí)慣性的動作”。

2)動詞remember,forget>stop,continue,goon,try,can,thelp,regret等既能以動詞不定式又能以動

名詞作賓語，但表達(dá)的意思卻不同。與動詞不定式連用時，表示未完成的動作。

remembertodo（記住去做）rememberdoing（記得做過）

forgettodo（忘記去做）forgetdoing（忘記做過）

trytodo（設(shè)法做）trydoing（試著做）

goontodo(接著做另一事)goondoing(繼續(xù)做同一事)

stoptodo(停下來去做)stopdoing（停止做）

can,thelptodo（不能幫助做）can,thelpdoing（情不自禁做）

3）動詞need,require,beworth之后動名詞的主動語態(tài)含有被動的意思，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動語態(tài)。

Myhairneedscutting.

現(xiàn)在分詞

1.現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語（表示動作正在發(fā)生，與被修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系）

Lookatthisgroupofpeopleplayingbeachvolleyball!

Theremustbesomethingvisitingthehomesinourneighborhood.

2.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語

Myhobbyiscollectingoldcoins.

3.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補

see,hear,watch,notice

Isawtheyplayingfootballontheplaygroundyesterday.

過去分詞

1.過去分詞作定語(與其修飾詞之間是動賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動作已經(jīng)完成含有被動意義)

DavidSmithofNorthLondonhasapot-belliedpignamedConnie.

2.被動語態(tài)由be+動詞過去分詞構(gòu)成

Whenwasitinvented?

中考非謂語動詞?？伎键c：

Lit作形式主語、形式賓語的用法

2.感官動詞后不定式作賓語補足語和動詞ing形式作賓語補足語的用法；

3.動詞不定式與疑問代詞和疑問副詞的連用

4.一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補足語時不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時就要帶t。；

5.有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞ing形式作賓語，但表達(dá)的意思不同。

?？嫉暮蟾鷦釉~不定式和動名詞搭配的結(jié)構(gòu)：

動詞后面+doingsth

finish/keep/practise/mind/enjoy/spend∕suggest∕like∕love∕hate;can,tstop;can,thelp('借自禁)

havedifficulty(trouble/problem)

bebusy

beworth

prefer...to..../lookforwardto/beusedto(習(xí)'慣于)∕payattentionto∕devote...to...

haveagoodtime/havefun;

spendtime...;

stop/keep/preventsb.(from)

What/Howabout...

動詞后面+todo

agree∕leam∕hope/wish/plan/decide/choose/wouldlike/seem/invite/fail∕promise∕afford∕seem

have/has(no)time...

tryone,sbest;

can,twait;

thefirst

havenochoicebut....;

adj/adv+enough...

It,s+adj+(for∕ofsb)+....

It,stime...;

Thereisnoneed...

havesb.dosth.9havesb.doingsth.和havesth.done的區(qū)別:

LhaVeSb.dosth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動作，且

強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。

Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵們讓這個男孩背對著他的父親站著。

2.havesb.doingsth.意為“讓某人一直做某事”,have可以用keep代替，現(xiàn)在分詞doing這個動作往往具有持

續(xù)、進行的含義。

Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.那兩個人讓燈通宵亮著。

3.havesth.done意為“讓某事被(別人)做“，即asksb.todosth.過去分詞(done)這個動作由他人(非主語本

身)來完成，含有被動意義且強調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。

Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.那位司機每周讓人洗一次車。

Myhairistoolong.I,llhaveitcuttomorrow.我的頭發(fā)太長了。明天我要請人理發(fā)了。

【例題精講】

1.HewantstohavehisTV.

A.repairingB.repairedC.torepairD.toberepairing

2.Theworkershadthemachines(run)allnightlongtofinishtheworkontime.

3.Peopleinthesouthhavetheirhouses(make)ofbamboo.

【答案】B,running,made

【課堂練習(xí)】

動詞填空

l.Itismyjob(introduce)thefilmstarsfromTaiwanontheshow.

2.Itisdifficultthem____thecharitywalkwithoutteamspirit.

A.for;tofinishB.of;tofinishC.for;finishingD.of;finishing

3.Theboyisoftenheardinthemusicroom.Hesingsverywell.

A.practicesingingB.topracticesinging

C.practicedsingingD.practicingsinging

4.Tomoftenmakeshisbrother_butyesterdayhewasmadebyhisbrother.

A.cry;tocryB.tocry;cryC.cry;cryD.tocry;tocry

5.Thethiefwasnoticedtheofficebuildingbythebackdooronthescreen.

A.enterB.enterintoC.toenterD.toenterinto

6.Weshouldthinkaboutwhatwecando(keep)animalsandplantsfrombecomingendangered.

7.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucanme.

A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps

8.Whenyoutravelabroad,youcanhardlyavoidproductsmadeinChina.

A.tobuyB.buyC.buyingD.bebought

9.-Wearenowbusy(prepare)fortheSeniorHighSchoolEntranceExamination.

-Isee,justtakeiteasy.

10.(repair)myTVsetcostmeIOOyuan.

11.WhenIwalkedpastthepark,IsawsomeoldpeopleChineseTaiji.

A.doB.didC.doingD.aredoing

12.1foundaletterontheOoorwhenIcameintotheclassroom.

A.lyingB.layC.lieD.lies

13.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfinedifheisfound.(smoke)

14.Justthenheheardsomeone(call)forhelp.

【答案】

tointroduce;A;B;A;C;tokeep;C;C;

preparing；Repairing；C；A；smoking；calling

單項選擇

1.--Wouldyoulikeorshallwegobybus?

■--1prefer___,butwehavetotakeataxi,fortimeisshort.

A.walking;towalkB.towalk;walkingC.towalk;towalkD.walk;walk

2.Eachofusislookingforward_agoodresult.Let,sdoitmorecarefully.

A.togetB.forgettingC.togettingD.getting

3.Ibnyusedtotoschool,butheisusedtotoschoolnow.

A.walk;takingabusB.walked;takeabusC.walk;takeabusD.walking;totakeabus

4.—Dad,whymustIstopcomputergames?

-Foryourhealth,myboy.

A.playB.toplayC.toplayingD.playing

5.-IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?

-Ihaven'tdecidedwhere.

A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo

6.--Excuseme.Couldyoutellmegettothenearestpostoffice?

---Sorry,Iamnewhere.

A.howcanIB.howIcouldC.howtoD.whatIcan

7.1haven,tdecidedwhenaholidayyet.

A.tookB.takingC.totakeD.take

8.Theoldladydidn,tknowwhenthehousecaughtfire.

A.howtodoB.howtodoitC.whattodoD.whattodoit

9.Mytoothhurts.Ihavenochoicebutouttomorrow.

A.tohavemybadtoothpullB.havemybadtoothpulled

C.havemybadtoothpullD.tohavemybadtoothpulled

10.Oneofthebiggestaimsinlifenewchallenges.You,dbettergetready.

A.istotakenonB.aretotakeoffC.istakeonD.aretakeoff

11.HeusedontheleftintheUK,butnowheisusedontheright.

A.todrive;todriveB.todrive;drivingC.todriving;todriveD.todrive;todriving

12.---WherewasBettyhalfanhourago?---Shetennisontheplayground.

A.sawtoplayB.wasseenplayingC.wasseentoplayD.sawplaying

13.Thecomputerrequires.IthinkIneedtoaskMr.Zhangforhelp.

A.fixing;goingB.tofix;goingC.fixing;togoD.tofix;togo

14.Doyouthinkitwouldbegreattohaverobotsexamsforus?

A.takenB.takingC.totakeD.take

15.Nowmanypeop