高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)試題（新高考新教材）考點(diǎn)分類(lèi)練（八）主旨大意題標(biāo)題歸納類(lèi)

考點(diǎn)分類(lèi)練(八)主旨大意題——標(biāo)題歸納類(lèi)A(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehightensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandontimeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghighervalueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeacopilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfastmovingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.1.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.2.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.3.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.4.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailwaysB(2021·山東煙臺(tái)一模)Manyteachersbelievefrequentquizzes(小測(cè)驗(yàn))helpstudentsbettergraspclassroommaterial.Crede,anassociateprofessorofpsychology,wasskepticalthatsomethingassimpleasaquizcouldpositivelyaffectstudents’academicperformance.Hedecidedtodigdeeperandconductananalyticstudyofexistingresearchtoseeiftherewasanyproofoftheidea.Whathediscoveredtrulysurprisedhim.Credeanalyseddatafrompreviouslypublishedstudiesthatexamined52classeswithalmost8,000students,todetermineiffrequentquizzesimprovedthestudents’academicperformance.LaboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthestudybecauseCredewantedtoobservewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.Credediscoveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedoverclassroommaterialatleastonceaweek,theytendedtoperformbetteronmidtermandfinalexamsparedtostudentswhodidnottakequizzes.Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecoursecontent.Studentswhostruggledthemostinaclassseemedtobenefitthegreatestfromfrequentquizzes.Theothersurprisingthingwashowmuchquizzeshelpedreducefailureratesinclasses.Thechancesofpassingaclasswentthroughtheroofwhereinstructorsusedthis.Inadditiontoquizfrequency,anotherfactorthatseemedtopositivelyaffectstudents’performancewasimmediatefeedbackfrominstructors.Also,quizzesthatrequiredstudentstoanswerwithwrittenresponsesprovedmorebeneficialtotheirunderstandingofclassroommaterialparedtomultiplechoicequestions.Askingteacherstogradewrittenquizzesdailyorweeklymaydiscouragesomefromcarryingthemoutintheirclasses.Instead,itisremendedthatinstructorsgiveonlinequizzesthatcanbeautomaticallygradedbyacoursemanagementsystem.Quizattributes(屬性)provedinsignificantinthestudy,includingwhetherthetestswerepopquizzesorplanned,oriftheywereonlineoronpaper.5.WhatdidCrededotoensurehisstudy’saccuracy?A.Hefocusedonwhathappenedinclassrooms.B.Heresearchedasmanystudentsashecould.C.Hemadelaboratorysettingsasrealaspossible.D.Hegaveeasyquizzestomakeeverystudentdowell.6.WhatdidCredediscoverinhisstudy?A.Frequentquizzescouldremovestudents’failureinclasses.B.Instructors’feedbackwasmoreimportantthanfrequentquizzes.C.Frequentquizzeswereespeciallyusefultothestrugglingstudents.D.Multiplechoicequestionsshouldn’tbeincludedinfrequentquizzes.7.Whatmaybeadisadvantageoffrequentquizzesforteachers?A.AccessingtheInternetlessfrequently.B.Havingtoomanyexampaperstomark.C.Beingunabletogetappropriatetestmaterial.D.Findingithardtochoosetherighttype.8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.QuizzesStimulateaPassionforCreationB.QuizzesImproveAcademicPerformanceC.QuizzesCreateaHeavyBurdenD.QuizzesIncreaseBoredomC(2021·安徽安慶高三二模)Beingaparentbringsoutthebestinmanyanimals.Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspecieswillalsocarefortheoffspring.Takeanemonefish(海葵魚(yú))forexample.Despitetheirsmallersize,themaleshelpthefemalesdefendthenest,butonlythemalestakecareofit.Theyusetheirfinsasfanstoprovideaconstantflowofoxygenandkeepthesurroundingsclean.Theyalsoputalotofeffortintothenest.Theeggstakeaboutfivedaystohatch.Duringthisimportantperiod,themalesfanthemtoprovideoxygenandremovetherubbish.Theyalsopickuptheeggsintheirmouthsandmovethemaroundtoremoveanybacteria.Oneofthebiggestthreatsesfromfemalesticklebacks(刺魚(yú)),whoformorganisedgroupsandattacktheneststoeatalltheeggs.Themalesdefendthenewbornfishandbringbacktheoneswhomovetoofarfromthenest.Oncethefishgrowup,theybeealittlebitmoreindependentandstarttoswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,picksthemupinhismouth,andspitsthembackintohisnest.Eventually,hegetstothepointwherehecan’tkeeptrackofthemandthat’swhentheyseparate.Doting(寵愛(ài)的)fathersarenotrestrictedtotheworldoffish.Insomefrogspecies,thedadsalsowarnthemumswhentheyoungonesarehungryandneedtobefed.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offspring”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Children.B.Relatives.C.Friends. D.Colleagues.10.Whatcanweinferaboutthemaleanemonefish?A.Theytakefullresponsibilityforbuildingthenest.B.Theyaremuchlargerthanthefemaleanemonefish.C.Theyareactuallyextremelyexcellentfathers.D.Theyfrequentlymakeattacksonotheranimals.11.Whatdoesitmeanwhenthedadcan’ttrackitsyoungfish?A.Thedadcan’ttendtotheyoungfish.B.Theyoungfisharealreadyindependent.C.Thelivingenvironmentisworse.D.Thedadisinastateofaging.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheModelFatherintheAnimalKingdomB.TheNewRoleoftheMaleAnemoneFishC.TheReallyCaringCaregiversinLifeD.AStrangePhenomenoninNature考點(diǎn)分類(lèi)練(八)主旨大意題——標(biāo)題歸納類(lèi)【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了無(wú)人機(jī)的各種優(yōu)勢(shì)、對(duì)鐵路系統(tǒng)做出的諸多貢獻(xiàn)以及未來(lái)的應(yīng)用方向。1.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知,無(wú)人機(jī)目前正在被用來(lái)檢查高壓電線,這使得它將被應(yīng)用于鐵路系統(tǒng)成為可能。故選A項(xiàng)。2.C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.”可以推斷出,畫(huà)線單詞指的就是“維修,維護(hù)”。故選C項(xiàng)。3.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知,人們期盼鐵路無(wú)人機(jī)在未來(lái)能夠提供預(yù)先警報(bào),確保列車(chē)能及時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題,從而提高安全系數(shù)。故選A項(xiàng)。4.D解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要介紹了無(wú)人機(jī)目前的應(yīng)用范圍以及未來(lái)在鐵路方面的應(yīng)用方向,因此“無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)”最能概括文章內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)。【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章提到一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)常進(jìn)行小測(cè)驗(yàn)會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生的成績(jī)有積極的影響。5.A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“LaboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthestudybecauseCredewantedtoobservewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.”可知,為確保研究的準(zhǔn)確性,Crede排除了實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境下的研究資料,而關(guān)注學(xué)生在課堂上的表現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。6.C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugg