2023-2024學(xué)年陜西省寶雞市金臺(tái)區(qū)高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題(解析版)

PAGEPAGE3陜西省寶雞市金臺(tái)區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題第Ⅰ卷選擇題(滿分95分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)略第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A,B,C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAteamofscientistsarecarryingoutaprojectattheUniversityofGreenwichinLondon.TheyaretryingtofindwaystomakefoodonMars(火星)inthefuture.TheprojectiscalledFeedingMars.Ittriestousewater,fishandfishwastetogrowfruitandvegetablesonMars.Itwouldtakeatleast21monthstoreachMars,learnaboutitssurfaceandreturntoEarth.SoitwouldbeabighelpifthespacemencouldgrowfreshfoodonMarsitself.FarmingonMars,however,willbeveryhard.There’splentyofwaterthatcouldbetakenfromicejustbelowthesurfacebutthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients(養(yǎng)分)thatlivingthingsneed.Theteamsaythattheycouldsolvetheproblembygrowingplantsandfishtogether.Fishwastecanthenbeusedtoprovidenutrientsforplants.“Itisexpectedthatyoucangrowlotsoffood,suchasvegetables,salads,teasandmedicinalplantsonMars,”saidDrBenzKotzen,wholeadstheproject.“Youcanevenharvest(捕獲)fishforfoodthen.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph1referto(指的是)?A.Thefuture. B.Theproject. C.Theland. D.Theplanet.2.WhatmakesitdifficulttofarmonMars?A.Icebelowthesurface. B.Toomuchfishwaste.C.Themissingoflivingthings. D.Thepoorlandcondition.3.HowdoesDrBenzKotzenfeelaboutFeedingMars?A.Hopeful. B.Doubtful. C.Surprised. D.Funny.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)名叫“FeedingMars”的項(xiàng)目，它試圖利用水、魚和魚的排泄物在火星上種植水果和蔬菜?！敬鸢浮?.B2.D3.A1．【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“TheprojectiscalledFeedingMars.(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目被稱為“FeedingMars”)”以及后文“triestousewater,fishandfishwastetogrowfruitandvegetablesonMars.”（試圖利用水、魚和魚的排泄物在火星上種植水果和蔬菜。）可知，“FeedingMars”這個(gè)項(xiàng)目試圖利用水、魚和魚的排泄物在火星上種植水果和蔬菜。故it指的是“項(xiàng)目”。故選B。2．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“There’splentyofwaterthatcouldbetakenfromicejustbelowthesurfacebutthelandonMarsismissingthenutrients(養(yǎng)分)thatlivingthingsneed.(火星表面下的冰層中有大量的水可以提取，但火星上的土地缺乏生物所需的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì))”可知，土地條件差使得火星上耕種變得困難。故選D。3．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Itisexpectedthatyoucangrowlotsoffood,suchasvegetables,salads,teasandmedicinalplantsonMars,”saidDrBenzKotzen,wholeadstheproject.“Youcanevenharvest(捕獲)fishforfoodthen.”(“預(yù)計(jì)你可以在火星上種植很多食物，比如蔬菜、沙拉、茶和藥用植物，”該項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人本茨·科岑博士說?！澳菚r(shí)你甚至可以收獲魚作為食物?！?”可推知，本茨·科岑博士對(duì)這一項(xiàng)目抱有希望。故選A。BIt’slateeveninginthemiddleofthewinter.Thesnowisdeep,butoffIgointothewild.Suddenly,Ihearit:thehowl(嚎叫)ofwolves.Excitedly,Iwalkfasterinthedirectionofthehowling.I’vebeenworkingasavolunteerwolftrackerinYellowstoneNationalParkforoverayear.It’smyjobtofollowwolvestorecordinformationaboutthem.Likewolves,however,Idon’tworkalone.I’moneofateamofpeoplewhohavebeeninaprojecttohelpreintroducewolvestothepark.Humanshavealwaysfearedwolves.Fromfairytalestomovies,thewolfisalwaysthebadguy—adangertohumansandotheranimals.Inthe1920s,theorganizersoftheparksharedthisviewaboutwolvesandmadethedecisiontodrivethemawayfromthepark.Asaresult,thenumberofelk(麋鹿)intheparkincreased.Theelkstartedlookingforfoodnearriverbankssincetheydidn’thavetoworryaboutwolves.This,inturn,stoppedtreesfromgrowingalongtherivers,doinggreatharmtotheenvironmentthere.Thereturnofwolveshasalreadymadeabigdifference.Tobeginwith,theelksoonlearnedtostayawayfromtherivers,sonewtreeshavebeenabletogrowthere.Thetreesbecomehometonewwildlife,suchasbirds,andprovidefoodformoreanimals.Theparkisnowbecomingmoreandmorepopularwiththosewhowanttoseewolvesintheirnaturalenvironment.Ithasalsohelpedthelocalpeoplemakemoremoney.Touristsvisitthearea,stayinthelocalhotels,andeatinthelocalrestaurants.Lookingatthewildanimalsandthebeautifulsceneriesaroundme,IamamazedatthechangesthewolfhasmadetoYellowstone.Andhappily,itisplayingagoodguyinthisstory.4.Accordingtothepassage,oneofawolftracker’sjobsisto________.A.catchwolvesinthepark B.feedwolvesinthewildC.stopwolvesfromkillingelk D.collectinformationaboutwolves5.Whydidtheorganizersdrivethewolvesawayfromtheparkinthe1920s?A.Thewolveswerealwayshowlingatnight.B.Theelkintheparkwereindangerofdyingout.C.Thewolveshaddonegreatharmtotheenvironment.D.Theparkwasthoughttobeunsafewithwolvesaround.6.Paragraphs4and5aremainlyaboutthe________thatwolveshavebroughttoYellowstone.A.risks B.troubles C.changes D.competitions7.Whatdoesthewritermeanbytheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A.WolvesareimportanttoYellowstone.B.Yellowstonehasbeenhometowolves.C.Thewolfandtheelkliveinpeacenow.D.Thenumberofwolvesisgrowingfast.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。本文主要介紹了狼對(duì)黃石公園的生態(tài)重要性。【答案】4.D5.D6.C7.A4．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“It’smyjobtofollowwolvestorecordinformationaboutthem.(我的工作就是跟蹤狼，記錄它們的信息)”可知，跟蹤狼的人的工作就是收集關(guān)于狼的信息，故選D。5．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Humanshavealwaysfearedwolves.Fromfairytalestomovies,thewolfisalwaysthebadguy—adangertohumansandotheranimals.(人類總是害怕狼。從童話故事到電影，狼總是壞的——對(duì)人類和其他動(dòng)物是一種威脅)”可知，組織者在20世紀(jì)20年代把狼趕出公園是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為公園周圍有狼的話不安全。故選D。6．【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thereturnofwolveshasalreadymadeabigdifference.(狼群的回歸已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響)”和第五段“Theparkisnowbecomingmoreandmorepopularwiththosewhowanttoseewolvesintheirnaturalenvironment.Ithasalsohelpedthelocalpeoplemakemoremoney.Touristsvisitthearea,stayinthelocalhotels,andeatinthelocalrestaurants.(這個(gè)公園現(xiàn)在越來越受那些想在自然環(huán)境中看到狼的人的歡迎。它還幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝速嵙烁嗟腻X。游客參觀該地區(qū)，住在當(dāng)?shù)氐木频?，在?dāng)?shù)氐牟宛^吃飯)”可知，第四段和第五段主要講述了狼的回歸所帶來的不同之處，故選C。7．【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“Lookingatthewildanimalsandthebeautifulsceneriesaroundme,IamamazedatthechangesthewolfhasmadetoYellowstone.Andhappily,itisplayingagoodguyinthisstory.(看著周圍的野生動(dòng)物和美麗的風(fēng)景，我對(duì)狼對(duì)黃石公園的改變感到驚訝。令人高興的是，它在這個(gè)故事中扮演了一個(gè)好人)”可知，狼給黃石公園帶來了很多好處，由此可推知，作者說“令人高興的是，它在這個(gè)故事中扮演了一個(gè)好人”是在表明狼對(duì)黃石公園很重要。故選A。CMargaretAnnBulkleywasbornaround1789,inIreland.Shehadbigdreams.“Iwanttobeadoctor!”Buttwohundredyearsagoagirlcouldn’tbecomeadoctor.Heruncle,JamesBarry,wasagreatpainter.AndhisfriendGeneralMirandahadalibrarywithmorethan6,000books.Margaretlovedreadingthere.Herintelligenceimpressedhim.Yearslater,heruncleJamesBarrydied,leavinghersomemoney.Itwasenoughtostudytobeadoctor.“Butagirlcan’tbecomeadoctor,”saidMargaretsadly.“Yes,youcan!”saidGeneralMiranda.“Allyouhavetodoistodisguiseasaboy.”Margaretreallywantedtobeadoctor.Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.ShealsonamedherselfJamesBarry.Fromthenon,MargaretAnnBulkleydisappeared.ShebecameJamesBarryandenteredEdinburghUniversity.Hetook13subjectsandworkedallthroughthesummerwhentheotherstudentswentonholiday.Barrygraduatedin1812anddecidedtojointheBritishArmy.Inhislife,Dr.JamesBarrytravelledallovertheworld,helpingtosavemanylives.Beforeretirement,BarryhadrisentothesecondhighestmedicalofficerintheBritishArmy.Barryimprovedtheconditionsfornotonlywoundedsoldiersbutalsothelocalpeople,andperformedthefirstrecordedsuccessfulcaesareansection(剖宮產(chǎn))inAfrica.ThesecretDr.JamesBarrykeptforoverfiftyyearswasonlyknownafterhisdeathin1865.8.WhoplayedthemostimportantroleinMargaret’sbecomingadoctor?A.GeneralMiranda. B.HeruncleJamesBarry.C.AsoldierintheBritishArmy. D.AprofessorfromEdinburghUniversity.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddisguiseinparagraph3mean?A.Changeone’sclothes. B.Dresslikeadoctor.C.Changeone’sappearance. D.Dresslikeagentleman.10.WhichwasDr.JamesBarry’sachievementinherjob?A.BecomingthehighestofficerintheBritishArmy.B.Graduatingfromthemostfamousmedicaluniversity.C.Improvingmedicalconditionsforthewoundedsoldiers.D.Doingtheworld’sfirstrecordedcaesareansectionsuccessfully.11.WhatwasthesecretDr.JamesBarrykeptforoverfiftyyears?A.JamesBarryleftmuchmoney. B.Dr.JamesBarrywasawoman.C.Margaretdiedinhertwenties. D.GeneralMirandahelpedMargaretalot.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了MargaretAnnBulkley為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己成為醫(yī)生的夢(mèng)想，把自己裝扮成一位男性從醫(yī)的故事。【答案】8.A9.C10.C11.B8．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AndhisfriendGeneralMirandahadalibrarywithmorethan6,000books.Margaretlovedreadingthere.Herintelligenceimpressedhim.(他的朋友米蘭達(dá)將軍有一個(gè)藏書6000多本書的圖書館?，敻覃愄叵矚g在那里讀書。她的聰明才智給他留下了深刻的印象)”以及第三段中““Yes,youcan!”saidGeneralMiranda.“Allyouhavetodoistodisguiseasaboy.”(“是的，你可以！”GeneralMiranda說。“你所要做的就是偽裝成一個(gè)男孩。”)”可知，是叔叔的朋友GeneralMiranda鼓勵(lì)她去實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。故選A。9．【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.(于是她剪掉了長發(fā)，練習(xí)用低沉的聲音說話，穿上了男孩的衣服)”可知，為了成為一名醫(yī)生，把自己的頭發(fā)剪短，裝扮成一個(gè)男孩，故畫線詞意思與changeone’sappearance同義。故選C。10．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Barryimprovedtheconditionsfornotonlywoundedsoldiersbutalsothelocalpeople,andperformedthefirstrecordedsuccessfulcaesareansection(剖宮產(chǎn))inAfrica.(Barry不僅改善了傷兵的條件，也改善了當(dāng)?shù)厝说臈l件，并在非洲成功實(shí)施了有記錄的第一例剖腹產(chǎn)手術(shù))”可知，改善了傷兵的生活條件是她所取得的成就之一。故選C。11．【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Margaretreallywantedtobeadoctor.Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.ShealsonamedherselfJamesBarry.(Margaret很想成為一名醫(yī)生。于是她剪掉了長發(fā)，練習(xí)用低沉的聲音說話，穿上了男孩的衣服。她還給自己起名叫JamesBarry)”可知，她假扮成男孩成為一名醫(yī)生是她一直保守的秘密。故選B。DYuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”,wasoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehaddevotedhislife.YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.YuanLongpingrealizedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluablecontributions,YuanLongpingreceivednumerousawardsbothinChinaandabroad.GiventhatYuan’shybridsmadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure.However,thisisfarfromthecase.Deepdown,Yuanwasstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecaredlittleforcelebrityormoney.Instead,hemadelargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearch.WhatimpressedpeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingwashisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreams.Longago,heenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum,witheachearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.Hislatervisionfor“seawaterrice”alsobecameareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometersofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.Eveninhislateryears,YuanLongpingwasstillyoungatheartandfullofvision,andeveryonewasalwaysexcitedtoseewhathewoulddreamupnext.12.YuanLongpingconsideredhimselfafarmerbecause________.A.hemadeinvaluablecontributionstoagriculture.B.hewasasslimandstrongasafarmer.C.hedevelopedahybridofself-pollinatingplants.D.hecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.13.Whatisthemainadvantageofhybridcrops?A.Theyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.B.Theyusuallygrowtallerthanconventionalcrops.C.TheycanbeplantedinChina,IndiaandVietnam.D.Theirgrowingperiod(生長期)isshorterthanconventionalcrops.14.HowhasYuan’sworkhelpedChinaandothercountries?A.HeletpeoplefromChinaandabroadknowmoreaboutvarietiesofaspeciesthroughhiswork.B.Hedevotedhislifetofarmersacrosstheworld.C.HisinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountries.D.HesucceededinproducingriceplantsastallassorghumforChinaandothercountries.15.WhatwasYuan’slatervision?A.Tallersorghum B.Seawaterrice C.Biggerbroom D.Biggerpeanut【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要講的是袁隆平的生平和他的貢獻(xiàn)?！敬鸢浮?2.D13.A14.C15.B12．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.(然而，他認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)農(nóng)民，因?yàn)樗谘芯恐胁粩嗟卦谕恋厣瞎ぷ鳌?”可知，袁隆平認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)農(nóng)民，因?yàn)樗谘芯恐胁粩嗟卦谕恋厣瞎ぷ?，故選D。13．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解他。根據(jù)第三段中“Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.(雜交作物的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它們通常比常規(guī)作物獲得更高的產(chǎn)量。)”可知，雜交作物的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它們通常比常規(guī)作物獲得更高的產(chǎn)量。故選A。14．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.(他成功地生產(chǎn)出了一種可以養(yǎng)活國內(nèi)外更多人的大米。)”可知，袁龍平成功生產(chǎn)出一種大米，不僅養(yǎng)活了中國，也養(yǎng)活了許多其他國家，由此可知，他的創(chuàng)新幫助了中國和其他國家，故選C。15．【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hislatervisionfor“seawaterrice”alsobecameareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometersofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.(他后來的“海水稻”愿景也成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，并可能在中國開辟近一百萬平方公里的鹽堿地用于水稻生產(chǎn))”可知，袁隆平后來的愿景是海水稻，故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題,每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Humanbeingsarenottheonlyoneswhocommunicate.Animalsusebodylanguagetotelleachotherhowtheyfeelandwhattheythink.___16___.Dogsusesounds,bodymovements,andtheirtailstocommunicate.Whenadogishappy,itsearswillstandupanditseyeswillbewideopen.Thedogwillstartbarking,movingitstail,andrunningaroundincirclesorjumpingupanddowntoshowyouthatitwantstoplay.Adogthatisafraidwilllieonitsbackandcloseitseyes.Thedogmayshowitsteethandloweritsbodysothatitisclosetotheground.Thedogmayalsoshake,anditwillputitstailbetweenitslegs.Whenadogisangry,itsmainbodylanguageisshowingitsteethandgrowling.Thedogwilltrymakingitselflookasbigaspossible.___17___.Elephantsalsousenoisesandbodylanguagetoexpressthemselves.Anelephant’ssenseofsmellishighlydeveloped.Anelephantcansmellhowanotherelephantisfeelingandeventellifitissick.Theelephant’snose,ortrunk,isalsousedtomakenoisesandtowelcomeotherelephants.___18___:theycanmean“Iamhungry”,“Iamangry”,or“Goodtoseeyou!”Anelephant’sbodylanguageincludesearsignalsandgestures.Ifanelephantspreadsitsears,itmeans“Watchout!”Toshowfriendship,elephantswilltoucheachotherwiththeirtrunksandstandclosetoeachother,puttingtheirheadstogether.Dolphinsaresocialanimals.___19___.Anangrydolphinwillsometimeshititstailonthesurfaceofthewater.Themovementandnoiseletotherdolphinsknowthatsomethingiswrong.Ifadolphinwantstosendamessageoveralongdistance,orifitwantstoshowhowstrongitis,itwilljumphighoutofthewaterandlandonitsside,makingaloudnoise.Adolphin’sfavouriteactivityisleapingintotheairwhileplayingwithitsfriends.___20___,theywillswiminsmallgroupsclosetothesurface.Ifyouseedolphinsdoingthis,youshouldnotdisturbthem.A.DifferentnoiseshaveavarietyofmeaningsB.HereisaquicklookathowsomeofouranimalfriendssendmessagestousandtoeachotherC.ThetailwillstandstraightoutfromthebodyD.DolphinsaresometimesgladE.WhendolphinsaretiredandneedtorestF.Animalshavelanguagesthathumansdon’tknowG.Theyliveingroupsandloveshowingeachotherfeelings【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。不只是人會(huì)交流，動(dòng)物也能交流。文章主要介紹了幾種動(dòng)物的交流方式?！敬鸢浮?6.B17.C18.A19.G20.E16．【解析】上文“Animalsusebodylanguagetotelleachotherhowtheyfeelandwhattheythink.(動(dòng)物用肢體語言告訴對(duì)方它們的感覺和它們的想法。)”指出動(dòng)物也會(huì)用肢體語言交流，結(jié)合下文“Dogsusesounds,bodymovements,andtheirtailstocommunicate.(狗用聲音、身體動(dòng)作和尾巴來交流。)”，“Elephantsalsousenoisesandbodylanguagetoexpressthemselves.(大象也用噪音和肢體語言來表達(dá)自己。)”和“Dolphinsaresocialanimals.(海豚是群居動(dòng)物。)”可知，下文主要介紹了幾種動(dòng)物的交流方式，B項(xiàng)“下面我們就來快速了解一下我們的一些動(dòng)物朋友是如何給我們和彼此發(fā)送信息的”符合語境，引起下文，故選B。17．【解析】上文“Whenadogisangry,itsmainbodylanguageisshowingitsteethandgrowling.Thedogwilltrymakingitselflookasbigaspossible.(當(dāng)狗生氣時(shí)，它的主要肢體語言是露出牙齒和咆哮。狗會(huì)盡可能地讓自己看起來很大)”指出狗生氣時(shí)會(huì)盡可能讓自己看起來很大，空處承接上文，具體指出狗是如何讓自己看起來更大，C項(xiàng)“尾巴會(huì)從身體里伸出來”符合語境，承接上文，故選C。18．【解析】上文“Theelephant’snose,ortrunk,isalsousedtomakenoisesandtowelcomeotherelephants.(大象的鼻子，也被用來發(fā)出聲音，歡迎其他大象)”指出大象用鼻子會(huì)發(fā)出聲音，下文“theycanmean“Iamhungry”,“Iamangry”,or“Goodtoseeyou!”(它們可以表示“我餓了”、“我生氣了”或者“很高興見到你!”)”具體指出大象發(fā)出的不同聲音表示不同的含義，A項(xiàng)“不同的聲音有不同的意思”符合語境，承上啟下。故選A。19．【解析】上文“Dolphinsaresocialanimals.(海豚是群居動(dòng)物)”指出海豚是群居動(dòng)物，即海豚生活在一起，下文“Anangrydolphinwillsometimeshititstailonthesurfaceofthewater.Themovementandnoiseletotherdolphinsknowthatsomethingiswrong.(一只憤怒的海豚有時(shí)會(huì)在水面上撞它的尾巴。運(yùn)動(dòng)和噪音讓其他海豚知道有些不對(duì)勁。)”具體介紹了海豚的交流方式，空處承上啟下，G項(xiàng)“它們生活在一起，喜歡表達(dá)彼此的感情”符合語境，承上啟下。故選G。20．【解析】下文“theywillswiminsmallgroupsclosetothesurface.(它們會(huì)在靠近水面的地方成群游動(dòng))”指出海豚會(huì)在靠近水面的地方成群游動(dòng)。由此推知，空處應(yīng)該是具體指出海豚為什么會(huì)在靠近水面的地方成群游動(dòng)，E項(xiàng)“當(dāng)海豚累了需要休息時(shí)”符合，空處是下文的條件，故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共二節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題,每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。EinsteintookajobasaclerkintheSwisspatentoffice.Whileworkingthere,outofastrong___21___forknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,___22___adoctorateinphysicsin1905.Thatsameyear,whichwaslater___23___asamiracleyearinscience,he___24___fourextraordinaryphysicspapers.Followingthis,hegraduallybecamefamous___25___theworldasthenewIsaacNewton.Afterfouryears,hewasableto___26___hisjobatthepatentofficeandenter___27___full-timeatauniversity.In1922,hewas___28___the1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhis___29___ofthephotoelectriceffect.Circumstances___30___in1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthedoorsof___31___institutionsclosedtohim.___32___,hehadtofleeGermany.AfterspendingtimeinEurope,hefinally___33___ajobattheinstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.___34___that,hecontinuedtomakegreat___35___inphysicsandmathematics.21.A.liquid B.phrase C.passion D.crisis22.A.earning B.digesting C.bending D.leaking23.A.boiled B.integrated C.revealed D.recorded24.A.defeated B.published C.adopted D.bowed25.A.over B.for C.above D.throughout26.A.attain B.bend C.quit D.stretch27.A.research B.draft C.mode D.cheek28.A.evaluated B.awarded C.founded D.employed29.A.explanation B.instance C.tendency D.valley30.A.persuaded B.blessed C.differed D.changed31.A.essential B.academic C.reliable D.visible32.A.Apparently B.Slightly C.Consequently D.Entirely33.A.generated B.inquired C.wandered D.obtained34.A.Inferring B.Following C.Switching D.Swinging35.A.characteristics B.prospect C.achievements D.innovation【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了物理學(xué)家愛因斯坦的生平和取得的成就?！敬鸢浮?1.C22.A23.D24.B25.D26.C27.A28.B29.A30.D31.B32.C33.D34.B35.C21．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里工作期間，出于對(duì)知識(shí)的強(qiáng)烈激情，他繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，并于1905年獲得了物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。A.liquid液體；B.phrase短語；C.passion激情；D.crisis危機(jī)。由下文“hecontinuedtostudy,”可知，他在工作期間繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，這說明他渴望知識(shí)，即對(duì)知識(shí)充滿激情，故選C。22．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里工作期間，出于對(duì)知識(shí)的強(qiáng)烈激情，他繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，并于1905年獲得了物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。A.earning賺，贏得，博得；B.digesting消化；C.bending彎曲；D.leaking泄露。由下文“adoctorateinphysicsin1905”和上文提到他渴望知識(shí)，在工作期間繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)可知，他最終獲得了物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位，故選A。23．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同年，他發(fā)表了四篇非凡的物理學(xué)論文，這一年后來被記錄為科學(xué)界的奇跡年。A.boiled煮沸；B.integrated合并；C.revealed揭示；D.recorded記錄。下文“fourextraordinaryphysicspapers.”提到他在這一年內(nèi)發(fā)表了四篇非凡的物理學(xué)論文可知，這一年后來被人們記錄為科學(xué)界的奇跡年，故選D。24．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同年，他發(fā)表了四篇非凡的物理學(xué)論文，這一年后來被記錄為科學(xué)界的奇跡年。A.defeated擊??；B.published公布，發(fā)表；C.adopted采??；D.bowed鞠躬。由下文“fourextraordinaryphysicspapers.”可知，此處指他發(fā)表了四篇論文，故選B。25．【解析】考查介詞詞詞義辨析。句意：此后，他逐漸成為世界聞名的新艾薩克牛頓。A.over在……上面；B.for為了；C.above在……上；D.throughout遍及。throughouttheworld意為“世界各地”，由下文“theworldasthenewIsaacNewton”和上文提到了他在一年內(nèi)發(fā)表了四篇論文，取得了非凡的成就可知，他逐漸在世界各地有名起來，故選D。26．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：四年后，他辭去了專利局的工作，在一所大學(xué)全職從事研究工作。A.attain獲得；B.bend彎曲；C.quit停止，放棄；D.stretch伸展。下文“enter________full-timeatauniversity”提到了他進(jìn)入一所大學(xué)工作，由此可知，他辭去了之前在專利局的工作，故選C。27．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：四年后，他辭去了專利局的工作，在一所大學(xué)全職從事研究工作。A.research研究；B.draft草稿；C.mode模型；D.cheek臉頰。由下文“In1922,hewas_______the1921NobelPrizeforPhysicsforhis________ofthephotoelectriceffect.”可知，他與1922年獲得諾貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)，由此可知，他進(jìn)入大學(xué)是從事研究工作，故選A。28．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：1922年，他因?qū)怆娦?yīng)的解釋而被授予1921年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。A.evaluated評(píng)估；B.awarded授予；C.founded建立；D.employed雇傭。由下文“the1921NobelPrizeforPhysics”可知他被授予諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，故選B。29．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：1922年，他因?qū)怆娦?yīng)的解釋而被授予1921年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。A.explanation解釋；B.instance例子；C.tendency趨勢(shì)；D.valley峽谷。由下文“ofthephotoelectriceffect”和上文提到他獲得諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)可知，他因?qū)怆娦?yīng)的解釋而被授予1921年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。故選A。30．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：局勢(shì)在1933年發(fā)生了變化，當(dāng)時(shí)希特勒在德國掌權(quán)。A.persuaded勸說；B.blessed祝福；C.differed不同；D.changed改變。由下文“whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.”可知，1933年希特勒在德國掌權(quán)，這說明局勢(shì)發(fā)生了變化，故選D。31．【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：愛因斯坦是猶太人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的大門對(duì)他關(guān)閉了。A.essential有必要的；B.academic學(xué)術(shù)的；C.reliable可靠的；D.visible看得見的。由下文“institutionsclosedtohim”和上文提到的1933年德國局勢(shì)發(fā)生變化，希特勒掌權(quán)，猶太人遭到迫害，而Einstein是猶太人，結(jié)合上文提到他一直進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)研究可知，他認(rèn)為學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的大門對(duì)他關(guān)閉了。故選B。32．【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，他不得不逃離德國。A.Apparently明顯地；B.Slightly輕微地；C.Consequently結(jié)果，因此；D.Entirely完全。上文提到1933年德國局勢(shì)發(fā)生變化，希特勒掌權(quán)，猶太人遭到迫害，而牛頓是猶太人可知，他不得不逃離德國。故選C。33．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在歐洲呆了一段時(shí)間后，他終于在美國普林斯頓大學(xué)高等研究院找到了一份工作。A.generated生成；B.inquired調(diào)查；C.wandered游蕩；D.obtained獲得。由下文“ajobattheinstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA”可知，他最終在美國普林斯頓大學(xué)高等研究院獲得了一份工作，故選D。34．【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：此后，他繼續(xù)在物理和數(shù)學(xué)方面取得了巨大的成就。A.Inferring推斷；B.Following跟隨，排在……后；C.Switching改變，交換；D.Swinging改變。此處that代指上文提到的他在美國普林斯頓大學(xué)高等研究院找到了一份工作，由下文“hecontinuedto”可知，前后是時(shí)間先后關(guān)系，此處在描述之后的事情。故選B。35．【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：此后，他繼續(xù)在物理和數(shù)學(xué)方面取得了巨大的成就。A.characteristics特點(diǎn)；B.prospect前景；C.achievements成就；D.innovation創(chuàng)新。由上文“hecontinuedtomakegreat”和常識(shí)可知，愛因斯坦在美國普林斯頓大學(xué)高等研究院工作后，繼續(xù)在物理和數(shù)學(xué)方面取得了巨大的成就。故選C。第Ⅱ卷非選擇題(滿分55分)第二節(jié)(共10小題,每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Dollywood,inthe___36___(beauty)SmokyMountainsinsoutheasternUSA,isunique___37___itshowsandcelebratesAmerica’straditionalsoutheasternculture.Famouscountrymusicgroupsputon___38___(performance)thereallyearround,indoorsandoutdoors.PeoplecomefromalloverAmerica___39___(see)skilledworkersmakewood,glass,andironobjectsintheold-fashionedway.___40___(visit)thecandyshopandtryingsomeof___41___samekindofcandythatAmericansouthernersmade150yearsagoisarareexperience.Ridingontheonlysteamenginestill___42___(work)inthesoutheasternUnitedStatesisaspecialtreat.Andforthose___43___likerides,Dollywoodhasasuperboldwoodenrollercoaster,Thunderhead.Itisworld-famousforhavingthe___44___(long)trackinthesmallestspace.CometoDollywoodtohavefun____45____(learn)allaboutAmerica’shistoricalsoutheasternculture!【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了位于美國東南部美麗的斯莫基山脈的多萊塢，它展示和慶祝了美國傳統(tǒng)的東南部文化。著名的鄉(xiāng)村音樂團(tuán)體全年都在這里進(jìn)行室內(nèi)外演出?！敬鸢浮?6.beautiful37.because38.performances39.tosee40.Visiting41.the42.working43.who##that44.longest45.learning36．【解析】考查形容詞。句意：位于美國東南部美麗的斯莫基山脈的多萊塢是獨(dú)一無二的，因?yàn)樗故竞蛻c祝了美國傳統(tǒng)的東南部文化。修飾后文SmokyMountains，應(yīng)用形容詞beautiful。故填beautiful。37．【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：位于美國東南部美麗的斯莫基山脈的多萊塢是獨(dú)一無二的，因?yàn)樗故竞蛻c祝了美國傳統(tǒng)的東南部文化。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示“因?yàn)椤睉?yīng)用because。故填because。38．【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：著名的鄉(xiāng)村音樂團(tuán)體全年都在這里進(jìn)行室內(nèi)外演出。performance為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)上文Famouscountrymusicgroups可知數(shù)量大于一應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填performances。39．【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：來自美國各地的人們來看熟練的工人用老式的方法制作木頭、玻璃和鐵器。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知see在句中作目的狀語，應(yīng)用不定式。故填tosee。40．【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：參觀糖果店，品嘗150年前美國南方人制作的同一種糖果是一種罕見的經(jīng)歷。作句子的主語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，首字母大寫。故填Visiting。41．【解析】考查冠詞。句意：參觀糖果店，品嘗150年前美國南方人制作的同一種糖果是一種罕見的經(jīng)歷。短語thesame表示“”同一。故填the。42．【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：乘坐美國東南部唯一仍在運(yùn)行的蒸汽機(jī)是一種特殊的享受。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知work與邏輯主語steamengine構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填working。43．【解析】考查定語從句。句意：對(duì)于那些喜歡游樂設(shè)施的人來說，多萊塢有一個(gè)很棒的老式木制過山車——Thunderhead。定語從句修飾先行詞those，在從句作主語，指人。故填who/that。44．【解析】考查最高級(jí)。句意：它以在最小的空間里擁有最長的軌道而聞名于世。根據(jù)上文定冠詞以及句意“最長的”可知應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。故填longest。45．【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：來多萊塢盡情學(xué)習(xí)美國東南部的歷史文化吧！短語havefundoingsth.表示“玩得開心”。故填learning。第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46.第一單元鼓勵(lì)我們多角度地認(rèn)識(shí)、思考、探索卓有成就的中外人物獲得成功的原因及其人生的價(jià)值和意義，同時(shí)還鼓勵(lì)我們由遠(yuǎn)及近觀察身邊的普通人，這些人雖然不是名人，但同樣付出了努力，體現(xiàn)了自己的人生價(jià)值。請(qǐng)運(yùn)用第一單元所學(xué)知識(shí)和人物傳記的寫作方法介紹一位你所欽佩的人物。參考標(biāo)題：AScientistIAdmireATeacherIAdmire注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.不得抄襲。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文AScientistIAdmireTherearemanyadmirablepeoplearoundus,butthepersonIadmiremostisZhongNanshan.ZhongNanshan,an84-year-oldhero,gaveupthechanceofspendingtheNewYearwithhisfamilyandrushedtothefrontline.Heworkeddayandnightandledustoovercomedifficulties.HetriedhisbesttosaveeverypatientandpassedhopestoeveryChinese.Ilearnedfromhimtobekind,braveandresponsible.Iwillshowmyhighestrespectforhim.第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。SHOULDWEFIGHTNEWTECHNOLOGY?Thismorning,Isawtheshockingheadline:“PassengerDiesWhenCarCrashesinDriverlessMode”.Inthearticle,variouspeoplesaidthatthepublicshouldopposetheideaofdevelopingdriverlesscars.Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.Thenewspaperreportedthatthecarcompanyhadalreadyapologizedfortheaccident,butthefamilies