高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：名詞性從句精講(上課用)

高考英語復(fù)習(xí)精講精練名詞性從句

名詞性從句

主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句主語從句在句中做------賓語從句在句中做------表語從句在句中做------同位語從句在句中-----主語賓語表語同位語1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.2.Iknowthathewillcome.3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句為什么叫名詞性從句？_______________________整個從句相當(dāng)于一個名詞比較:Themanlookedaround.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.同樣作主語，從句可以表示較復(fù)雜的含義,一般是個動作或性質(zhì)Iknowhim.Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom2.為什么要有名詞性從句？那人看了看四周.(名詞作主語)那孩子考試又不及格令他母親很失望.(從句作主語)我知道他在房間里寫作文.從句的特征:是一個句子,有一個引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)詞做從句的一個成分(that除外)名詞能做的成分,從句都能做

從句表達(dá)的意思比名詞復(fù)雜得多主語從句thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow從句引導(dǎo)詞:1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.他懂英語,這一點大家都知道令我驚訝的是在這兒見到他.3.When

hewillcomeisunknown.4.Whether

heiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch.他來不來沒什么要緊的他什么時候來不清楚.他們是怎么登上山頂?shù)娜允莻€秘密.5.Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.主語從句的位置1.在句首2.主語較長時通常放在后面,句首主語用It主語太長了!放到句尾That無詞義,不可省略What“什么”,“所….的”2.

What

surprisedmewastoseehimhere.When“什么時候”主語從句不用if位于句首It作主語的常用句型有:1.It+be+形容詞+that從句2.It+be+名稱詞組(duty/pity..)+that從句3.It+be+過去分詞(said/thought..)+that從句4.It+不及物動詞(seem/happen..)+that從句Itisapitythatwecan’tgoswimming.Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.真可惜我們不能去游泳.碰巧那天我外出了.他考試肯定會考好.據(jù)說他已告訴了她一切.注意:Itlookedthathewasright.(×)可以說:Itlooksasif….happen只有it句型用形式主語it的主語從句常見結(jié)構(gòu)Itisclear(necessary,important,possible,remarkablethat…很清楚〔必要,重要,可能,值得注意等)…Itis

afact(agoodthing,goodnews…)

that…事實是(好事是,好消息是…)…Itis

well-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)

that…眾所周知(據(jù)報道,,據(jù)記載,據(jù)說,據(jù)計)It

turnsout(seems,happens,appears…)

that…結(jié)果是(似乎是,碰巧是,好象是…)…Ithasbeenfound(hasbeenproved,canbeseen,mustbepointedout)that…已發(fā)現(xiàn)(已證明,可以看出,需指出)…用it句型翻譯:據(jù)說今年高一學(xué)生要學(xué)新教材.事實是他們靠自己完成了所有的任務(wù).碰巧他們已經(jīng)參加過軍訓(xùn)了.眾所周知,比爾·蓋茨是世界上最富有的人.我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣這很重要.ItissaidthattheSeniorGradeonestudentswilllearnanewtextthisyear.Itisafactthattheyfinishedalltheworkbythemselves.Ithappenedthattheyhadhadtheirmilitarytraining.Itiswell-knownthatBillGatesistherichestpersonintheworld.→→→→→Itisimportantthatwe(should)formagoodhabitofstudying.Note:Itisimportant/necessary/natural/ourduty/essential/strangethatsb(should)dosth.固定句型,should可以省略翻譯:真奇怪他今天竟然遲到了.Itisstrangethatheshouldbelatetoday.strange不省略should為好關(guān)于名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：〔1〕在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣"(should)+do",常用的句型有:Itisnecessary，important,natural,strange,appropriate，advisable,preferable(更可取的),better，essential,vital，probable,possible，desirable(極好的)，compulsory，crucial〔緊急的〕，incredible〔驚人的〕，urgentetc.that...Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that...III.Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that...(2)表示建議、請求、命令、要求、堅持等及物動詞后面的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣,常用的這類動詞有suggest,propose,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等。如:Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.(3)表示“建議、請求、要求、決定等”意思的名詞desire,demand，suggestion,proposal,request,decision，advice,recommendation,order,plan,idea等,用在表語從句及同位語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣"(should)+do"。如:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.

Theyreceivedordersthatthework(should)bedoneatonce.表語從句從句引導(dǎo)詞:同主語從句(11個),外加asif/asthough,1.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.2.ThequestioniswhetherwecanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.3.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.實際情況是他從未去過農(nóng)村.that一般不省略問題在于我們能否在明天下午之前完成這項實驗.表語從句不用if好象看上去要下雨似的.(其實不會)asif/asthough從句常表示不真實的情況Shetalksasif/asthoughshehadbeentherebefore.她說話的口氣好象以前去過那兒似的.

又比如:4.Thisschoolisnolongerwhat

itwasbefore.這所學(xué)校已不再是從前的那個樣子了.what=thethingthat系動詞后面be,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,feel,remain等注意以下表語從句中where,how,why的譯法Thisis

where

LuXunoncelived.Thatwashow

theywonthematch.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.這就是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的地方.他們就是這樣贏得這場比賽的.

這就是她為什么今天早上起得這么早的原因.我們就是這樣克服困難的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.這就是我們上星期碰頭的地方.Thisis/Thatwashowweovercamethedifficulties.Thatiswhyhewasabsentyesterday.ThisiswherewemetlastSunday.Thisis總是現(xiàn)在時Thatis表示性質(zhì)Thatwas指過去動作固定句型:Thisiswhere…Thisiswhy…Thisishow….這就是…的地方這就是…的原因這就是…的方法賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下七種情況下不能省略：1.在由and和but連接的兩個并列的賓語從句中，第一個從句中的that可以省略，第二個從句中的that不能省略。如：Iknow(that)youareverykindandthatyoucanhelpme.

2.當(dāng)that賓語從句中的狀語位于從句的前部時，that不可以省略。如：Tellhimthatifhecomestomorrow,pleasecallme.

3.當(dāng)that前面有插入語時，that不可以省略。如：Hedidn'tknow,I'msure,thathismotherwasill.

賓語從句4.當(dāng)it作為形式賓語放在動詞之后，而that引導(dǎo)的真正賓語從句放在句尾時，that不可以省略。如：Theytookitforgrantedthatthesingerwascoming.

5.在省略答語中，當(dāng)that賓語從句單獨出現(xiàn)時，that不可以省略。如：

----Whatdidyousay?

----Thathewouldbehereat8o‘clock.

6.當(dāng)that賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that一般不省略。如：Iswear.Iwillnevertellanyonethatyouhavebrokentheglass.

7.當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉如：IpreferhisplantoyoursinthatIthinkitismorepractical.(inthat表示原因)whether與if的辨用表“是否”時，在以下情況下用whether。1.主語從句

2.表語從句

3.同位語從句

4.介詞后的賓語從句5.后接動詞不定式(whethertodosth.)eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.6.whetherornot連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不用ifeg:Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.7.Theydiscussedwhethertheywillgobackrightnow.Practicetimeif/whether

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherIdoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idon’tdoubt

thatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubt

thathediditonhisown?doubt問題肯定句中用if/whether否認(rèn)句中用that疑定句中用thatIdoubt_________heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustria?I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.

if/whether

that

that

if/whether賓語從句經(jīng)常做介詞的賓語TheSwedestoodstill,except_____hislipsmovedslightly.Sheisnotsatisfiedwith____shehasachieved.Maryalwaysthinksof____shecandomorefortheclass.Hewrotealetterofthanksto______helpedhim.(任何一個)5.Itdependsonifwehaveenoughtime.whetherwehaveenoughtime.介詞后面不用ifthat

what

how

whoever6.Areyousorryforwhichyouhavedone?

whatyouhavedone?介詞后面不用which賓語從句經(jīng)常作表語形容詞的賓語I’mafraid(that)I’llbelate.Weweresurprisedthathelostthegame.我恐怕要遲到了.that可以省略我們對他在比賽中的失敗感到驚異.此類表語形容詞有:afraidpleasedhappysatisfiedanxioussuresurprisedcertaingladawarethat從句只跟在except,but,in,besides,save〔except)五個介詞后面Wethink

that

middleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage

possible

.(改用形式賓語it)2.Wehavemade

that

aforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflifeclear.(改用形式賓語it)我認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語是必要的.IconsiderthatweshouldlearnEnglishwellnecessary.Weconsiderhersuitableforthejob.賓語賓補considerfindthinkfeelmakehate,take,have,seeto等動詞常帶賓語補足語,這時要用形式賓語it,賓語從句放到賓補之后Wethinkit

possible

that

middleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage.Wehavemade

it

clear

that

aforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflife.Iconsideritnecessary

thatweshouldlearnEnglishwellit不能漏從句后移【疑難1】Iamafraid(that)I'vemadeamistake.【疑難剖析】作形容詞的賓語時，可以省略that【注意】以下形容詞后常跟that引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。(有時也將此類詞后的that從句看作原因狀語從句。)賓語從句需要注意的問題【疑難2】Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.Iadmirethattheywonthematch.【疑難剖析】后邊不能直接跟that從句的動詞有：allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。(√)(×)【疑難3】Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.【疑難剖析】有些動詞不可用于“動詞＋間接賓語＋that－從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，這類動詞常見的有envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce(揭發(fā)，斥責(zé)〕，advise，congratulate等。(√)(×)【疑難4】我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.【疑難剖析】否認(rèn)的轉(zhuǎn)移：假設(shè)主句謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語從句假設(shè)含有否認(rèn)意義，一般要把否認(rèn)詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。correctionTheemperorwaspleasedbywhichtheministertoldhimaboutit.Areyousorryforthatyouhaveannoyedhim?Ifindthatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeingnecessary.Canyoudoubtifshewillsucceed?Iworriedaboutifmybrotherwillreturnintime.Shesaidthatshehasnevertoldalie.WillyoutellmewhenheleavesforParis?OurfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofus.Itlookedthathewaswellpreparedfortheunexpectedchallenge.Thathesaidmovedeveryonepresent.whatitnecessarythatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeingthatshewillsucceed?whethermybrotherwillreturnintime.had

willleaveforParis?ThatourfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofusWhatItseemedwhich不做介詞賓語that不做介詞賓語從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞that不做句子成分沒有Itlookthat…表達(dá)式同位語從句被解釋說明的詞有:fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,plan,idea…同位語從句說明它們的內(nèi)容常見引導(dǎo)詞:that,whether(if),how,wh-疑問詞Thefactthatdeedsarebetterthanwordsisquiteclear.Thequestionhow

Ididitishardtoanswer.Theyhadnoideawhere

theyshouldgotofindsomefood.Thequestionwhether

hecomesornotisnotimportant.(if)Athoughtcametome

that

hemightbeinthelibrary.事實勝于雄辨這一道理非常清楚.我怎么做的這一問題難答復(fù).他們根本不知去哪兒找食物他是否來這個問題不重要.我突然想到他可能在圖書館.被別的詞隔開that無詞義1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.把兩句話合成復(fù)合句Choosethebestanswer1.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.thatChoosethebestanswer4.Thenews___surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovesto

befalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome___someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherc.thatD.which名詞性從句的主要考點考點之一:考查名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別考例:_______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what分析:(注:劃線的選項為最正確答案,下同.)在名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別是:that在名詞性從句中不作句子成分,只起連接作用;而what在名詞性從句中不僅起連接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我們不能得到的似乎比我們已經(jīng)擁有的要好.此題考查了兩個名詞性從句:主語從句和賓語從句,what在這兩個名詞性從句中都作賓語.A考點之二:考查名詞性從句中的it作形式主語或形式賓語

考例1:_______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

分析:在這種名詞性從句中為了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行詞it作形式主語或形式賓語,而把真正的主語或賓語放到后面,尤其是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句往往用先行詞it作形式主語.此句也可以改寫為:ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.

考例2:Ihate_______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.thisD.them

分析:此題考查的是用先行詞it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語從句放到后面.其他幾個詞均不能作形式賓語.DA考點之三:考查名詞性從句的語序

考例:Thephotographswillshowyou_______.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike分析:在名詞性從句中,除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞要提到句首之外,一律要用陳述句語序。當(dāng)關(guān)聯(lián)詞含疑問意義時,有的學(xué)生就會受習(xí)慣影響錯誤地使用疑問句語序。克服這種錯誤的關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)從句中的主語和謂語。此題句子的意思是:這些照片會告訴你我們村子是什么樣。此題中根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞what要作介詞like的賓語,而副詞how不能作介詞like的賓語,所以首先排除C、D,而A項是疑問句語序,故只能選B。B考點之四:考查名詞性從句中的whether,if以及that的區(qū)別考例1:_______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where分析:句子的意思是:我們明天是否去野營要視天氣而定.whether與if當(dāng)"是否"講時的區(qū)別是:在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時兩者可以互換,但在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句以及介詞后面的賓語從句或后面緊跟ornot時通常只能用whether,而不能用if.

考例2:Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why分析:此題句子的意思是:醫(yī)生真正疑心的是我母親是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來.whether引導(dǎo)的是表語從句.BC考例3:Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for分析:此題句子的意思是:頭發(fā)變白使她有點兒不安。It作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句。whether,if以及that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別是:whether與if(當(dāng)"是否"講時)引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句含有疑問意義;而that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義。B考點之五:考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句及其與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別考例1:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever分析:此題句子的意思是:一般認(rèn)為孩子要什么就給什么是不明智的.whatever引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,A.however和D.whenever是不能作賓語的;而C.whichever表示"無論哪一個、無論哪些",表示在一定范圍內(nèi)的人或事物,此處并不涉及"一定范圍內(nèi)的人或事物",所以也不能選.B考例2:Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho分析:此題句子的意思是:薩拉希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友.疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是:前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.首先排除D.而選A.anyone那么應(yīng)在其后加who.從句中需要的是主語,所以whomever也不行.C考點之六:考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題考例:Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent______atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster分析:此題選B.句子的意思是:大學(xué)生至少應(yīng)該掌握一門外語。It作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。

B典型錯誤及歸納找出以下句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?

2.Idon'tknowwherehashegone.

3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.

thereare

hehaswhatwasthematter.規(guī)律一：名詞從句中須使用陳述語序！找出以下句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.

5.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.

(should)gotowe(should)go規(guī)律二：注意虛擬語氣的使用！問題：此類虛擬語氣有哪些關(guān)鍵詞？找出以下句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifornotIcouldgowithhim.

Whetherwhetherwhetherwhether規(guī)律三：4種情況只能用whether：〔1〕位于句子開頭；〔2〕前面有介詞；〔3〕引導(dǎo)表語從句；〔4〕與ornot連用。找出以下句子中的錯誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsidersitimpossiblewhichhewantstofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.4.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.ititthatwhether規(guī)律四：主語從句和賓語從句在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下可以借助“it”而后置。問題：想想看是什么“適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r”？名詞性從句試題集錦1.Iaskher_______comewithme.A.ifshewill B.ifwillsheC.whetherwillsheD.willshe2._______hesaidistrue.A.WhatB.That C.Which D.Whether3.Canyoutellme________?A.whoisthatgentleman B.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanis D.whomisthatgentleman4.Hedidn'tknowwhichroom_______.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein5.Togetthejobstarted,_______Ineedissomemoney.A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat6.Ihavenoidea_______fartherailwaystationisfromhere.A.what B.how C.it's D.that7.Canyoutellme_______therailwaystation?A.howIcangetto B.whatcanIgetto C.whereIcangotto D.wherecanIgetto8.Doyouknow_______?A.whatishisname B.howishisname C.whathisnameis D.howhisnameis9._______youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.That B.What C.Which D.This10.Theyhavenoideaatall________.A.wherehehasgone B.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegone D.wherehashegone11.Theywanttoknow_________dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey B.whattheycan C.howtheycan D.howcanthey12.Thesephotographswillshowyou_______.A.whatourvillagelookslike B.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklike D.howourvillagelookslike13.Canyoumakesure________thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadput B.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasput D.wherehasAliceput14.Noonecanbesure________inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklike B.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklike D.whatlookmanlike15.________the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.If C.Whether D.That16.Goandgetyourcoat.It's________youleftit.A.there B.where C.therewhereD.wherethere17.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggray.A.while B.that C.if D.for18._______hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.What B.That C.Thefact D.Thematter19.—Doyouremember________hecame?—Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.how B.when C.that D.if20._________wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_________wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what