英語聽力教程Unit7答案及聽力原文

Unit7FameandFortune

PartIGettingready

A.

B.Keys:

1：magazine2：newspaper3：MicrosoftCompany4：successful5：richest

6：3rd7：19558：Washington9：computers10：1311：baseball

12：football13：computerprograms14：perform15：high

16：computerlanguage17：Basic18：valuable19：office

20：home21：established22：197523：three24：computersoftware

25：established26：nternational27：usiness28：achines29：1981

30：personalcomputer31：operatingsystem32：12933：computercompanies

34：Windows35：easier36：officials37：

38：thousandsofmillionsofdollars39：1600040：4841：3042：100

PartIIBillGates’newrules

A.Keys:

1:quailty

2:re-engineering

3:velocity

B.Keys:

1:communication2:e-mail

3:salesdataonline4:insights

5:knowledgeworkers6:high-levelthinking

7:createvirtualteams

8:paperprocess9:digitalprocess

10:eliminatesingle-taskjobs

11:digitalfeedbackloop

12:routecustomercomplaints

13:redefinetheboundaries

14:businessprocess15:just-in-timedelivery

16:eliminatethemiddleman

17:helpcustomerssolveproblems

PartIIIGreatbusinessdeals

A.Keys:

1:NATIONALSTEAMSHIP

2:200003:AristotleOnassis

4:60005:American

6:BigBen7:10008:tourist

9:BuckinghamPalace10:2000

11:TheWhiteHouse12:100000

13:TheStatueofLiberty14:10000015:Australian

B.Keys:

1:boom2:worlddepression3:millionaire

4:identified5:fraud6:five7:California8:luxury

PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:WaltDisney

1:correspondencecourse2:OswaldtheRabbit3:talkingcartoonfilm

4:WaltDisneyhimself

5:storyteller

6:UbIwerks

7:35;feature-lengthcartoonfilm;2000000;three

8:potential

9:55;17000000

27:taste;vulgarity;childrenofallages

PartVDoyouknow…

1:$24worthofkettles,axesandcloth.

2:$80000000.

3:$27000000.

4:About12cents.

5:About800000squaremiles.

6:About1600000squaremiles.

7:$7200000.

8:About5cents.

9:$750000000worth.

10:Anestimated100000000000tons.

Tapescript

PartIGettingready

A.

B.

Inthepastfewyears,hundredsofmagazineandnewspaperstorieshavebeenwrittenaboutBillGatesandhiscompany,thereasontheMicrosoftCompanyisextremelysuccessful.IthasmadeBillGateoneoftherichestmenintheworld.WilliamGatesthe3rdwasbornin1955,inawesterncityofSeattle,Washington.Hebecameinterestedincomputerswhenhewas13yearsold.Whenmostyoungboyshisagewereplayingbaseballorfootball,youngBillGateswaslearningtowritecomputerprograms.Theseprogramstellcomputershowtoperformusefultasks.BillGateattendedHarvardUniversityafterhighschool.AtHarvard,hebegandevelopingthecomputerlanguagecalledBasic.Hebegantothinkthatthecomputerwouldsomedaybecomeavaluabletoolthatcouldbeusedineveryofficeandhome.BillGatereturnedtoSeattlewhereheestablishedtheMicrosoftCompanyin1975.Itemployedonlythreeworkers.MicrosoftdevelopedcomputersoftwareforestablishedAmericancompanies,likeGeneralElectricandCitibank.SoonMicrosoftwasworkingwiththeInternationalBusinessMachinesCompanyknownasIBM.In1981,IBMbegansellingapersonalcomputerthatusedMicrosoftproductsaspartofitsoperatingsystem.Bythen,Microsofthad129workers.TodayIBMstillusesMicrosoft'scomputeroperatingsystem.Sodomanyothercomputercompanies.OneofthemostfamousMicrosoftproductsisaprogramcalledWindows.Windowsmakesitmucheasiertouseacomputer.CompanyofficialssayMicrosofthassoldabout40000000copiesoftheWindowsprogramaroundtheworld.Microsoftdoesthousandsofmillionsofdollarsinbusinesseachyear.Itnowhasmorethan16000workersinmorethan48countries.Microsofttodayproducescomputerprogramsin30languagesandsellstheminmorethan100countries.

PartIIBillGates’newrules

Ifthe1980swereaboutqualityandthe1990swereaboutre-engineering,thenthe2000swillbeaboutvelocity.Abouthowquicklybusinessitselfwillbetransacted.Abouthowinformationaccesswillalterthelife-styleofconsumersandtheirexpectationsofbusiness.Qualityimprovementsandbusiness-processimprovementswilloccurfarfaster.Whentheincreaseinvelocityisgreatenough,theverynatureofbusinesschanges.

Tofunctioninthedigitalage,wehavedevelopedanewdigitalinfrastructure.It'slikethehumannervoussystem.Companiesneedtohavethatsamekindofnervoussystem—theabilitytorunsmoothlyandefficiently,torespondquicklytoemergenciesandopportunitiestoquicklygetvaluableinformationtothepeopleinthecompanywhoneedit,theabilitytoquicklymakedecisionsandinteractwithcustomers.

Thesuccessfulcompaniesofthenextdecadewillbetheonesthatusedigitaltoolstoreinventthewaytheywork.Tomakedigitalinformationflowanintrinsicpartofyourcompany,hereare12keysteps.

1.

Insistthatcommunicationflowthroughe-mail.

2.

Studysalesdataonlinetoshareinsightseasily.

3.

Shiftknowledgeworkersintohigh-levelthinking.

4.

Usedigitaltoolstocreatevirtualteams.

5.

Converteverypaperprocesstoadigitalprocess.

6.

Usedigitaltoolstoeliminatesingle-taskjobs.

7.

Createadigitalfeedbackloop.

8.

Usedigitalsystemstoroutecustomercomplaintsimmediately.

9.

Usedigitalcommunicationtoredefinetheboundaries.

10.

Transformeverybusinessprocessintojust-in-timedelivery.

11.

Usedigitaldeliverytoeliminatethemiddleman.

12.

Usedigitaltoolstohelpcustomerssolveproblemsforthemselves.

AsIsaidinTheRoadAhead,wealwaysoverestimatethechangethatwilloccurinthenexttwoyearsandunderestimatethechangethatwilloccurinthenext10.Don'tletyourselfbelulledintoinaction.

Youknowyouhavebuiltanexcellentdigitalnervoussystemwheninformationflowsthroughyourorganizationasquicklyandnaturallyasthoughtinahumanbeingandwhenyoucanusetechnologytomarshalandcoordinateteamsofpeopleasquicklyasyoucanfocusanindividualonanissue.It'sbusinessatthespeedofthought.

PartIIIGreatbusinessdeals

1.

Inthe…er…late1920s,early1930s,therewasa…ayoungGreekbusinessmanwho…er…madequitealotofmoney…er…byimportingtobaccointoArgentina.Um…h(huán)ethenmoveduptoNorthAmerica…er…thiswasinabout…er…1933,whenofcoursetheworldwasinthemiddleofa…atradeslump.Er…h(huán)e…er…decidedhewantedtogetintoshipping,andtogetintoshippingheneededshipssohe…h(huán)estartedlookingaroundforsomeshipstobuywithhistobaccofortuneandhefoundtenvessels…er…whichbelongedtotheCanadianNationalSteamshipCompany…er…theproblembeingthattheywerefrozenintotheiceintheStLawrenceRiverinCanada.They'dbeenrustingawaytherefortwoyearsandwerenowcompletelyfilledupwithsnowandice.Er…infactthestorygoesthatwhenhewentaboardto…er…inspectoneoftheships,hefellintoasnowdriftand…er…endeduponthedeckbelow.Well,theshipshadcost$2milliontobuild…er…abouttenyearsbefore,andtheownerswerepreparedtoletthemgojustfora…ascrappriceof…er…$30000each.Heoffered$20,000andtheownersaccepted.

Heleftthemthere,stuckintheice,therewasnothingmorehecoulddo.Er…butafewyearslater,the…theworlddepression…er…cametoanendand…er…worldwarseemedtobeloominginEuropeand,ofcourse,thatledinitsturntoa…bitofashippingboom.Sotheyoungman,therehewaswithhisshipsand…er…h(huán)ebecameoneoftherichestmenintheworld.Hisnamewas…AristotleOnassis.

2.

OnceuponatimetherewasanenterprisingScottishactor,calledArthurFurguson,whodiscoveredthathecouldmakeaverygoodlivingsellingthingsthatdidn'tactuallybelongtohim,inotherwordshewasaconman.HefirstgottheideawhenhewassittinginthemiddleofTrafalgarSquare(inLondonthatis).Um…thiswasin1923,andhesawanAmericantouristadmiringthestonelionsandthefountainsandNelson'sColumn.Heintroducedhimselfasthe"officialguide"totheSquareandstartedtoexplainthehistoryoftheplace.AndwhilehewasdoingthishealsoslippedinalittlementionthatasBritainwasheavilyindebt,theBritishgovernmentwaslookingfortherightkindofpersontobuytheSquare.Hesaidthathewastheofficialgovernmentsalesmanandthattheaskingpricewasaround￡6000.TheAmericansaidthatthiswasagoodpriceandofferedtopaybychequerightaway,soMr.Furgusonwentofftookaythiswithhissuperiors—inotherwordshewentoffforanhourandahalfandkepttheAmericanwaiting.Well,hethencamebackandsaid,yes,theywerewillingtoselltotheAmericanatthatprice.TheAmericanwroteacheckandFurgusongavehimareceiptandtheaddressofacompanywhowoulddismantletheSquareandgetitreadyforshippingittotheStates.Thenhewentofftocashthecheck.

SoonafterthathesoldBigBenfor￡1000andtookadownpaymentonBuckinghamPalaceof￡2000.TwoyearslaterhewenttotheUnitedStatesandleasedtheWhiteHousetoaTexascattlemanfor99yearsfor$100000perannum.LaterhearrangedtoselltheStatueofLibertytoanAustralianfor$100000,butunfortunatelyFurgusonallowedthebuyertotakeaphotographofhimandtheAustralian,feelingslightlysuspicious,showedthephotographtothepolice.Furgusonwasidentifiedandsenttoprisonforfraudforfiveyears.WhenhecameoutheretiredtoCalifornia,wherehelivedinluxuryuntilhediedin1938.

PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:altDisney

Presenter:

WaltDisneyiswellknownasthecreatorofMickeyMouseandtheinventorofDisneylandandWaltDisneyWorld,buthiscreationsarebetterknownthanhislife.PeterSpenceristheauthorofanewbookaboutDisney.WhatwasWaltDisney'sbackground

Peter:

WalterEliasDisneywasbornin1901inChicagobutactuallyhewasbroughtupinasmalltownintheMid-WestnearKansasCity,Missouri,whichincidentallywaslaterusedasthemodelforMainStreetinDisneyland.Um...hefirststudiescartooning,youknow,bydoingacorrespondencecourse.DuringtheFirstWorldWarheworkedasa…adriverfortheAmericanRedCrossbutafterthewarhereturnedtoKansasCitywherehemetaguycalledUbIwerks.Nowthey…er…startedtoworktogetheronaseriesofexperimental-typefilms...um…andafterawhiletheysetofftoCaliforniatojoinWalt'selderbrotherRoywhowaslivingthereinLosAngeles.

Presenter:

WhendidMickeyMousefirstappear

Peter:

Ah,well,DisneyandIwerksfirstinventedacharactercalledOswaldtheRabbitbutthenin1928anewcharacterwasborn:cheerful,sometimesrathernaughty,energeticmousewithlargefunnyears.Yes,itwasMickeyandheappearedforthefirsttimeinthefirsttalkingcartoonfilm,calledSteamboatWillie.Er…notmanypeopleknowthisbutWaltDisneyactuallyprovidedthevoiceforMickey.Bytheway,hewasalmostcalled"MortimerMouse",whichdoesn'thavethesamekindofringtoit,ordoesitWell,RoyandWaltgatheredateamofartists…er…illustratorstogether…um…bythistimeUbIwerkshadleftthemandstartedhisowncompany,thiswasin1930,andDisneyStudios,astheycalledthemselves,starting…startedtoproducethefamousshortcartoonswith…starringMickeyandMinnieandDonaldDuckandPlutoandGoofy.Er…Roywasthebusinessmanageranddrivingforcebehindthecompany…er…makingitveryprofitableandWaltwasmorethe…er…imaginative,creativepartofthepartnership.

Presenter:

WhatkindofmanwasWaltDisney

Peter:

Well,accordingtotheartistswhoworkedforhimWaltactuallycouldn'tdrawverywell…er…mostofthecharacterswereactuallydrawnbyIwerks,butapparentlyhewasanamazingstoryteller.Hewouldactoutthestoriesoffilmsdoingallthevoicesandactionstoshowtheillustratorswhathewantedthemtodoandthentheyhadtogooffandtrytorecreatehisvisualizations.

Presenter:

ThemostfamouscartoonofallwasSnowWhite—andthebestIstillthink.

Peter:

Mm,yeah,itwasthefirstfeature-lengthcartoonanditwasreleasedin…er…1935.Now,SnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfsrequiredtwomilliondrawingsandtookthreeyears'worktomake.Um…obviouslyitwas…er…veryexpensive,particularlyforthosetimes.Bytheway,theBritishfilmcensorgaveitanAdultcertificatebecausehethoughtthatitwouldbetoofrighteningforlittlechildrentoseeontheirown.Er…thatwasfollowedbyPinocchioandFantasiain1940,Dumboin1941.And…er…theDisneyStudiosalsostartedmaking…um…someratherlow-budgetliveactionfeaturefilmsforchildren…er…somethingwhichtheotherstudiosdidn'tdareriskdoing.Er…someofhisfilmsmixedliveactionwithcartoons—er…I'mthinkingaboutMaryPoppins,whichIthinkwe'veprobablyallseen,madein1964,wherecartooncharactersand…andthereallifeactorsappearedtogetheronscreenandtalkedanddancedandsangtogether.Disneywasoneofthefirsttoseethepotentialoftelevision,alltheotherstudioswereafraidofthismedium.Um…sohestartedtoproducefilmsdirectlyfortelevisionand…andnowofcoursethere'saDisneyChannelshowingonlyDisneyfilms.

Presenter:

AndthenhedreamtupDisneyland,didn'the

Peter:

Ah,"dreamt"istherightword.Disneylandwasacreationofthelandofhisdreams:safe,happy,clean,fairy-taleworldwithitsownMagicKingdom.TheoriginalDisneylandwasopenedinLosAngelesin1955anditcost$17million.Waltdiedin1966buthewasalreadyworkingonplansfortheDisneyWorldinOrlando,Florida,whichopenedin1971,andtheEPCOTCenternearWaltDisneyWorld—that'sthe"ExperimentalPrototypeCommunityOfTomorrow",bytheway.Andthere'salsoa…aTokyoDisneyland,whichwasopenedin…um…1983.

Presenter:

And…andnowthere'sevenanEuroDisneylandnearParis,Ithink.

Peter:

Yes,that'sright.Um…andtheDisneyStudiosstillcontinuetoproducefilmsinthe…thehousestyle,theWaltDisneystyleandpresumablyitalwayswill.Disney'sfilmsappealed…um…andstilldoappealtochildrenofallages,butpeopleoftencriticizethemfortheirlackoftasteandtheysaythey'revulgar,butDisneysaid,"I'venevercalledthisart.It'sshowbusinessandI'mashowman."Well,canyouimagineaworldwithoutMickeyMouse

Presenter:

PeterSpencer,thankyou.

PartVDoyouknow…

1.Thebestrealestatedealinhistory

EveninthedayswhenAmericawasknownastheNewWorld,itwasacountrywithareputationforitsspiritofenterpriseandtheabilityofitspeopletomakeagooddeal.

Whenthesettlersstartednegotiating,thenativeshardlyknewwhathadhitthem—andinthesummerof1626,probablythemostspectacularrealestatecoupinhistorytookplace.

GovernorPeterMinuitoftheDutchWestIndiaCompanyhadthejobofbuyingManhattanIslandfromtheIndians.

AftersomehagglingwithChiefManhasset,thepricewasagreedat24dollars'worthofkettles,axesandcloth.

Today,$24wouldnotbuyonesquarefootofofficespaceinNewYorkCity,andanofficeblockincentralManhattanchangeshandsforaround$80million.Evenallowingforinflation,Minuitgothimselfarealbargain.