高考二輪英語人教版訓(xùn)練模塊2專題1第2講推理判斷題模擬精練

專題1第2講A閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。(2020·北京市高考適應(yīng)性測試)Growingup，DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.“Iwasablackgirl，fromarefugee(難民)family，”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield，Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia，planningtobeeaprofessor.BornandraisedinSanDiego’sCityHeightsneighborhood，DekaisthedaughterofaSomalirefugeecouple.WhilesomemightsayDeka’ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground，shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven，youngscientistthatsheistoday.WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone’slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks，anddidn’tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid，likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily，”Dekasaid.“Youhavetonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthaneveryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Deka’seffortspaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool，shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme.“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus，”Botham，aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute，recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork，readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher，Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don’ttellyourselfthatscholarshipistoobigorthisprogrammeistoopetitiveorI’llnevergetintothisschool，”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.”1．Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthat.A．DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB．DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC．DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationD．Deka’sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhard2．Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation.A．fromhermother’sexperienceB．a(chǎn)fterherchemistryclassC．byreadingbooksinthelibraryD．throughworkingattheinstitute3．Accordingtothelastparagraph，Dekaadvisedthatstudentsbe.A．patient B．confidentC．a(chǎn)mbitious D．generous4．Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A．Lifeisnotallroses.B．Practicemakesperfect.C．Wellbegunishalfdone.D．Hardworkleadstosuccess.【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了索馬里難民DekaIsmail通過改變自己不斷努力，終于成功考進加利福尼亞大學(xué)的成長經(jīng)歷。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段“WhilesomemightsayDeka’ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground，shewouldsaydifferently，thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven，youngscientistthatsheistoday.”可知，雖然有些人可能會說Deka盡管有那樣的背景還是成功了，但她會有不同看法。她的經(jīng)歷塑造了她，并激勵她成為今天這樣一個有干勁的年輕科學(xué)家。由此可知，Deka的這些經(jīng)歷塑造了她并且激勵了她。故選D項。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone’slife.”可知，當(dāng)Deka八歲的時候，她的母親通過在學(xué)校努力學(xué)習(xí)找到了一份工作，以支持整個家庭。這讓Deka意識到教育可以改變一個人的生活。由此可知，母親的經(jīng)歷讓她明白教育的重要性。故選A項。3．推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher，Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.”可知，當(dāng)被問及她會給像她這樣的人什么建議時，Deka提醒他們不要低估自己。由此可知，Deka建議大家不要低估自己，要相信自己，要有信心。故選B項。4．推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章大意：難民身份的Deka經(jīng)過自己的努力終于獲得成功，以及她分享的自己經(jīng)歷和給他人的建議：不低估自己，要有信心。由此可知這篇文章是想告訴我們：要相信自己，不斷努力，終將會取得成功。故選D項。B閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。(2020·廣州大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三線上測試)Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen，thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity，thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointintheearlytwenties，whenithascollectedenoughinformationtobeabletousethevastnumberofcellsfreelyinthemosteffectiveway.Puremathematicsisoneofthefieldsinwhichthishappens，andweknowthatAlbertEinsteinmadeallhisworldshakingdiscoveriesbetweentheageofabout20and25，andspenttherestofhislifetidyingthemupandarrangingthem.Butincertainothertypesofactivity(ofwhichbeinganauthorisperhapsone)，experienceismoreimportantthansharpnessofbrain，andthereoneusuallyfindsthatapersonreacheshisorherpeakmuchlaterinlife.Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience，hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant，andthatiswisdom.Onecanhaveaveryquick，inventivebrainandplentyofexperience，butifoneusesthesefoolishly，oneharmsbothoneselfandothers.Wisdomdoesnotalwaysewithage—thereareplentyoffoolishmiddleagedpeopleabout—buttheaveragepersontendstolearnwisdomashegetsolder，usuallybymakingpainfulofembarrassingmistakes.Learningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly，itislearningabouthumannature;howrealpeoplebehaveandreact，asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotsofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace，whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationofhumannature，butwhichisbasicallyawasteoftimebecauseitisnot.5．Accordingtothewriter，thegreatdiscoveriesmadebyAlbertEinsteinweremainlyaresultin.A．yearsofhardworkB．sharpnessofthebrainC．richexperienceD．hisdeepunderstandingofthenature6．Somepeopleachievesuccessmuchlaterinlifebecause.A．theirworkoftenrequiresmuchexperienceB．theydonothaveachancetoshowtheirtalentsC．theyhavetolearnlessonsfromfailuresD．theyfailtorealizeearliertheimportanceofhardwork7．Theimportanceofwisdomliesinthefactthat.A．ithelpstoavoidvariousmistakesB．itcontributestoone’screativityC．itencouragesonetogoforwardinfaceofdifficultyD．itprovidestherightdirectionofefforts8．Thewritercametobelievethat.A．itisalwaysawasteoftimetomakeplansaboutthefutureB．itishumannaturetomakeattemptsonwhatlooksimpossibleC．oneshouldalwayschallengetheimpossibletopushthesocietyforwardD．onehastousewisdomindecidingwhatisthebestthingtodo【答案】5.B6.A7.D8.D【解析】本文為說明文。本篇文章主要說明了人類的大腦在20歲左右處于巔峰，在以后的成就多數(shù)是因為需要豐富的經(jīng)驗。除了頭腦敏銳和經(jīng)驗豐富外，智慧也非常重要，因為智慧為人們提供了正確的努力方向。人們要用智慧來決定做什么才是最好的。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，在某些類型的活動中，人類的大腦在20歲早期處于巔峰狀態(tài)，我們知道阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦在20到25歲之間做出了所有震驚世界的發(fā)現(xiàn)，用余生來整理和安排這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。這更是印證了人類大腦在20年代初達(dá)到了巔峰(thehumanbrainisatitshighestpoint)，由此可推斷出，本段主要研究人類大腦巔峰期(大腦的最敏銳)。B項中的sharpnessofthebrain(大腦最敏銳)與本段第三句中“thehumanbrainisatitshighestpoint”是同義詞的關(guān)系。故選B。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，在某些其他類型的活動中(作家可能是其中一種)，經(jīng)驗比頭腦的敏捷更重要，人們通常會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個人在他一生的晚期才達(dá)到頂峰。由此可推斷出有些人在晚年取得成功是因為他們的工作中往往需要很多經(jīng)驗。分析選項可知A符合題意。故選A。7．推理判斷題。第三段“Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience，hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant，andthatiswisdom...Learningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly，itislearningabouthumannature；howrealpeoplebehaveandreact，asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.”除了敏銳的頭腦和豐富的經(jīng)驗外，還有一件事是非常重要的，那就是智慧。學(xué)習(xí)成為智者，要基本的了解什么是不可能的；學(xué)習(xí)有可能但又很困難的東西，以至于不值得一個人為了達(dá)到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是了解人性，了解真實的人是如何行為和反應(yīng)的，以及人們希望他們?nèi)绾涡袨楹头磻?yīng)的。由此可推斷出智慧的重要性在于智慧能讓人知道什么可做，什么不能做，即為人提供正確的努力方向。分析選項可知D項符合題意。故選D。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Learningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible；andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly，itislearningabouthumannature；howrealpeoplebehaveandreact，asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotsofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace，whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationofhumannature，”成為智者，要大體上知道什么是不可能的。學(xué)習(xí)有可能但又如此困難的東西，以至于不值得一個人為了達(dá)到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是學(xué)習(xí)人性，了解真實的人是如何行為和反應(yīng)的，以及人們希望他們?nèi)绾涡袨楹头磻?yīng)的。人們可以讀到和聽到很多關(guān)于如何使世界變得更美好的理想主義的東西……由此可推斷出聰明的人必須運用智慧來決定最好要做什么事。分析選項可知D項符合題意。故選D。C閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。(2020·北京市海淀區(qū)高三一模)Incollege，Iwastaughtaneleganttheoryofchemicalbinationbasedonexcesselectronsgoingintoholesintheorbitalshellofaneighbouringatom.Butwhataboutdiatomicpoundslikeoxygengas?Don’task；studentsaren’treadytoknow.Inphysics，inbiology，inanyotherscienceclasses，studentsfrequentlygetthatanswertoo.It’stimetotruststudentstohandledoubtanddiversityinscience.Actually，studentsarestartingtoact.Theyhaveshamedtheirseniorsintoincludingmorediversecontributorsasfacultymembersandrolemodels.Youngscholarsrudelyasktheirsuperiorswhytheyfailtoaddresstheextinctioncrisesclarifiedbytheirresearch.Theinheritedauthoritarianpoliticalstructuresofscienceeducationarebeinglame—butstillremainlargelyunchangedfromtheoldschooldays.Anarrow，rigideducationdoesnotprepareanyonefortheplexitiesofscientificresearch，applicationsandpolicy.Ifwediscouragestudentsfrominquiringintotherealnatureofscientifictruths，orexploringhowsocietyshapesthequestionsthatresearchersaskhowcanwepreparethemtomaintainpublictrustinscienceinour“posttruth”world?Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity：wemustmakeroomforthem，andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.Inscience，evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.Theunifyingpatternsoftheperiodictablearenowquestionedundercloserexamination.Somescientistsnowwonderwhethertheconceptofbiological“species”contributesmoreconfusionthaninsight，andwhetheritshouldthereforebeabandoned.However，suchadecisionwouldaffectconservationpolicy，inwhichidentificationofendangeredspeciesiscrucial—soitisnotjustanissueforbasicscience.Sciencestudentsgenerallyremainunawarethatconceptssuchaselementsandspeciesarecontestedorareevencontestable.Inschool，collegeandbeyond，curriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.Publicargumentsamongscientistsoftenpresumethateveryproblemhasjustonesolution.Nonetheless，uncertainadviceonplexissuesshouldbeawarningthat，fromafutureperspective，today’stotalscientificconsensusonsomepolicyissuemighthavebeentheresultofstubbornness，aconflictofinterestorworse.Justasahealthydemocracyacmodatesdissentanddissonance，thecollectiveconsciousnessofsciencewoulddowelltoembracedoubtanddiversity.Thiscouldstartwithteachingscienceasagreat，flawed，ongoinghumanachievement，ratherthanasacollectionofcutanddriedeternal(永久的)truths.Irecallalegendarychemistryprofessorwhowasnotskilfulatgettingclassroomdemonstrationstowork—butdiscussingwhatwentwronghelpedhisstudentstothrive.Amathematicianfriendletpupilsdiscusseverystatementinthetextbookuntilallweresatisfied.Theydidverywellinexams，andtaughtthemselveswhenhewasabsent.Treatingpeopleatalllevelsasmittedthinkers，whoseaskingteachesusall，isthekeytotacklingthechallengestoscienceintheposttrustage.9．Theproblemofcurrentsciencetrainingisthat.A．studentscannotbeespecialistsB．itgoesagainstestablishedscienceeducationC．studentslosetrustintheirteachersandprofessorsD．itfailstoprovidestudentswithwhattheyneedinfuture10．Theperiodictableismentionedtoprovethat.A．eventhewidelyacceptedcanbechallengedB．studentsaregenerallyignorantofscienceC．mostpreviousresearchesareoutofdateD．sciencehasbeendevelopingwithtime11．Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethat.A．studentsmaybemoreinnovativeiftheyareallowedtodoubtB．sciencestudentsdonotcontestelementsorspeciesC．studentsshouldnottrustestablishedscienceD．diversitypreventsprogressinscience12．Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsthewriter’sopinion?A．Ourcurriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.B．Scienceshouldbeacollectionofcutanddriedeternaltruths.C．Teachersshouldtreatpeopleatalllevelsasmittedthinkers.D．Theconceptofbiologicalspeciesbringsmoreconfusionthaninsight.【答案】9.D10.A11.A12.C【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章探討了在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，我們要信任學(xué)生來處理科學(xué)中的懷疑和多樣性，多樣性和懷疑產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造力，如果我們不鼓勵學(xué)生探究科學(xué)真理的真實本質(zhì)，或者不鼓勵他們探索社會如何塑造研究人員提出的問題，那么我們?nèi)绾巫屗麄冏龊脺?zhǔn)備，在我們的“后真理”世界里保持公眾對科學(xué)的信任。9．推理判斷題。由第一段最后兩句“Don’task；studentsaren’treadytoknow.Inphysics，inbiology，inanyotherscienceclasses，studentsfrequentlygetthatanswertoo.”(別問，學(xué)生們還沒準(zhǔn)備好知道。在物理學(xué)、生物學(xué)、任何其他科學(xué)課上，學(xué)生也經(jīng)常得到這個答案。)，第三段第一句“Anarrow，rigideducationdoesnotprepareanyonefortheplexitiesofscientificresearch，applicationsandpolicy.”(狹隘、僵化的教育不能使任何人為科學(xué)研究、應(yīng)用和政策的復(fù)雜性做好準(zhǔn)備。)，可知當(dāng)前科學(xué)培訓(xùn)的問題在于它不能為學(xué)生提供他們未來進行科學(xué)研究所需要的東西。故選D項。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Inscience，evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.Theunifyingpatternsoftheperiodictablearenowquestionedundercloserexamination.”(在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，甚至基礎(chǔ)的構(gòu)成要素也可能受到質(zhì)疑?，F(xiàn)在元素周期表的統(tǒng)一模式正在更仔細(xì)的檢查下被質(zhì)疑。)，說明元素周期表即使是被廣泛接受的，也可能會被質(zhì)疑。故選A項。11．推理判斷題。第三段最后一句“Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity：wemustmakeroomforthem，andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.”(多樣性和懷疑產(chǎn)生創(chuàng)造力：我們必須為它們騰出空間，并停止引導(dǎo)未來的科學(xué)家進入狹隘的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，即重視技術(shù)而不是思想。)，可推斷出如果允許學(xué)生懷疑，學(xué)生可能更具創(chuàng)新性。故選A項。12．觀點態(tài)度題。由最后一段最后一句“Treatingpeopleatalllevelsasmittedthinkers，whoseaskingteachesusall，isthekeytotacklingthechallengestoscienceintheposttrustage.”(把所有層次的人都當(dāng)作堅定的思考者，他們的詢問教會了我們所有人，這是在后信任時代應(yīng)對科學(xué)挑戰(zhàn)的關(guān)鍵。)，可知教師應(yīng)該把所有層次的人看作是堅定的思考者，這能最好描述符合作者觀點。故選C項。D閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。(2020·北京市中國人民大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三6月三模)Videochatisnowthegotooutletformanysocialdistancerslongingforsocialinteraction.Buthavingasuccessfulfeteisn’tonlyaquestionofhoppingoncamerawithfriendsandkickingoff.Socialgraceisabigpartofasuccessfulvirtualparty—andetiquettedoesn’tgooutthedoorjustbecauseyou’reinyourpajamasinfrontofacamera.IntroduceeveryonetothegroupGonearethedaysduringwhichyoucanintroduceyourselftonewpeopleatyourleisure.Instead，thesecondyouclick’JoinMeeting’，you’repushedinfrontofpotentiallydozensoffacesstaringstraightatyou.Thisisparticularlyproblematicifnoteveryoneonthecallknowseachother—Zoomitselfremendsshorticebreakingsessionsforeveryonetointroducethemselvesonmeetings.“Iliketousethewaitroom，”saysTamikoZablith，founderofMindingMannersInternational.“Forsecurityreasons，itmeansoutsidersdon’tecrashingintoyourmeeting.Butalso，youcanletpeopleeinoneatatime，andthenyoucantakethattimetointroducethemtothegroupaswell.”LearntheartofthepauseAnotherwildlyconfusingthingaboutZoomparties：everyonehastotalkoneatatime.There’snochanceforsmallgroupstoorganicallyform，forjokingtalktofillaroom，orforgueststotalkatthesametime.Thewholegroup，nomatterhowlarge，canonlylistentoonepersonatatime.That’swhyputtingpausesinyourspeechiscritical，especiallysincelowinternetspeedsorweirdaudiomaymeanit’seasyforsomeonetotalkoversomeoneelse，drowningoutwhattheyhavetosaytothegroup.“Iftheinternetisabitunreliable，youhavethoseunstablesignals.IfIkeeprambling，andtheotherpersonstarts，there’sthatdelay，”saysZablith.“Workthosepausesintoyourconversation.”KnowwhentochangebackgroundsUsingZoom’sbackgroundscanactuallybeacourtesytoeliminatedistractionsbehindyou.Hidingthosedirtydishesorpizzaboxes，orobscuringothermembersofthehouseholdingandgoing，eliminatesdistractionsandmakestheotherpeoplefeellikethey’regettingyourfullattention.“Wouldn’titbebetterifthatdistractionjustwasn’tthere？”Zablithsays，pointingtotheadvantageofvirtualbackgroundsbeingabletohideanythingunsightlybehindyou.Forothers，virtua