閱讀理解之議論文-中考英語復(fù)習(xí)

考點(diǎn)46閱讀理解之議論文

（考點(diǎn)詳解

議論文往往有觀點(diǎn)，有事實(shí)，邏輯性強(qiáng)，命題往往從事實(shí)的有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)及文章的主旨或作者的表達(dá)意圖

等方面著手，考查我們的思維能力和判斷能力。所以考生要培養(yǎng)根據(jù)上下文猜詞的能力，或者說根據(jù)情境

能揣測(cè)作者的意圖。議論文的閱讀同其他體裁文章的閱讀理解一樣，可以有主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判

斷、詞義猜測(cè)等幾種出題方式。

二、解題方法：

一、重視文章標(biāo)題，找準(zhǔn)全文主題句，把握文章主旨

標(biāo)題往往是全文的主題，審視標(biāo)題，有利于理解全文，提高解題效率。主題句對(duì)全文起提示、啟迪、

概括、歸納之作用。根據(jù)主題句既可以知道文章議論的是什么，也可以知道作者希望讀者了解主題方面的

哪些內(nèi)容。議論文題材偏難，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用總一分一總的結(jié)構(gòu)，交替使用正面和反面的

論證方式。通常，先總說現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)；其次，正面陳述、反面論證；最后作者表明自己的態(tài)度，再次總結(jié)

文章.通常主題句會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章的首句或句末，在這些地方要多留意表示歸納的詞匯，也可以在具體事例

之后或之前的表示觀點(diǎn)的陳述句中尋找。

二、細(xì)讀文章，注意文章細(xì)節(jié)理解

除主旨題外，細(xì)節(jié)理解題也是閱讀理解題中的基礎(chǔ)題，它主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文中的具體事例、數(shù)字、時(shí)

間、地點(diǎn)等的理解。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)排序題（按事情發(fā)展順序排序），圖表題（按文章內(nèi)容找出正確圖形），正誤題（依

據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對(duì)所列的陳述進(jìn)行正誤判斷）。對(duì)這種題型，無論細(xì)節(jié)題如何變化形式，立足點(diǎn)都應(yīng)是從文章中

找出相應(yīng)詞句作為依據(jù)。雖然答案中有的細(xì)節(jié)在文中很清楚，但可能與問題無關(guān)。細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般用尋

讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、分析、對(duì)比，有根據(jù)

地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。假如問題采用的是反向思維，題中含有not或except等表示否定意義的詞，

則需要更加留意。此法可以加強(qiáng)閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高做題的準(zhǔn)確率。做此類題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯

關(guān)系。

三、理解整體語篇，掌握作者意圖

做推理判斷題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時(shí)，對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的

推理判斷，站在作者的視角，而不是主觀臆斷、憑空想象，從而走入誤區(qū)。英語文章講究使用主題段與主

題句，段與段之間通常有過渡性詞語連接，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫。有時(shí)文章還會(huì)在時(shí)間順序、空間

順序或邏輯推理上運(yùn)用較高級(jí)的手段進(jìn)行組編。要想準(zhǔn)確、深刻地理解文章，必須對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解,

把握全篇的文脈，即句內(nèi)、句間和段落間的修辭手段或邏輯關(guān)系。作者往往在構(gòu)思語篇前會(huì)進(jìn)行預(yù)先設(shè)定：

讀者知道什么，不知道什么，讀者可能與自己共同擁有什么樣的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)、思想見地和需求欲望等，然后

設(shè)計(jì)一些隱藏在語篇深層的"潛臺(tái)詞"。因此，這類試題要求考生利用主題句進(jìn)行推測(cè)，揣摩文字背后作

者的意圖，運(yùn)用背景知識(shí)去挖掘文章的深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意，同時(shí)認(rèn)真體會(huì)文章的語

氣與感情基調(diào)。

四、多讀多背，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，掌握猜詞技巧

由于當(dāng)今的閱讀文章題材廣泛，體裁多樣，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義，甚至出現(xiàn)沒學(xué)過的詞匯。許多學(xué)生感

到困擾很大，有的甚至煩躁得難以堅(jiān)持閱讀下去。要解決閱讀中的生詞問題，一是要擴(kuò)大英語詞匯量，二

是要學(xué)習(xí)并掌握一些猜測(cè)生詞詞義的方法，如：利用同義、反義、上義、下義、詞的集合、詞的搭配等關(guān)

系；利用照應(yīng)、替代、省略、定義、舉例等情境關(guān)系；利用詞綴、轉(zhuǎn)化、合成等構(gòu)詞法；利用后置定語或

同位語等語法結(jié)構(gòu)；利用前后對(duì)比或因果推理法等。

總之，想要提高閱讀能力，尤其是對(duì)考生來說難度較大的議論文閱讀，學(xué)生應(yīng)能從篇章和試題雙方面

入手。通過觀察、體驗(yàn)、探究等積極主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法，優(yōu)化閱讀理解中議論文的解題思路和方法策略，提

高學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力。

刈茅跟蹤訓(xùn)練

A

SomeEnglishwordshavemorethanonemeaning.Thesearecalledmulti-meaningwords.Multi-meaning

wordshavethesamepronunciationwithdifferentmeanings.Forexample,let,slookattheword"ballu.You

couldhaveaπball,'whichmeansyouwouldhaveagoodtime.Youcouldtossa',ballπwhichmeansyou

throwanobject.Youcouldbeonthe"ball,'whichmeansyouknowwhatishappening.Youcouldgotoaπ

ball,,whichmeansadance.

Takethewordncan".You"can',rideabikewhichmeansyouareabletorideabike.

Youhavea"can,,ofsoupwhichmeansthesoupisinaround-shapedholder.Youcandothe"can-canu

whichisadancefromthe1920s.Andyoumightget"canned”ifyoudoapoorjobatwork,whichmeansyou

mightloseyourjob.

Howabout"fly',?Youcan,'fly,'anairplaneoryoucanhita,'flyπthatisonyourfoodinyour

house.Or,youcan"flybytheseatofyourpants"whichmeansyoudon,tmakeaplanbeforetakinganaction.

And,youknowthatthe,,∏y"ofazipperisthetoppartofthezipper.

Therearehundredsofwordsthataremulti-meaningwords.Theword',set"hasmoremeaningsthanany

otherwordintheEnglishlanguage.Whenyouhavetime,whydon,tyoutrytothinkofallthewaystheword”

setnisused?

u

If,youlookatthetitleofthisbookCanaFlyfFly?youknowthattheansweris”Yesbecauseyouhave

seenaninsectnameda”fly,,goupintheairandmovearoundthroughtheairwhichiswhat',fly',means.

CanaFly,Fly?Ofcourse,itcan!

1.IfTomisoftenlateforworkandfailstofinishhistasks,hewill.

A.dothecan-canB.getcanned

C.beontheballD.gotoaball

2.WhichofthefollowingisthebestsentencetofillintheblankinParagraph2?

A.Let,stryanotherword.B.Let,smakeawordlist.

C.Here,sasurveyreport.D.Here,stheguessinggame.

3.Thewriterwritesthepassageinorderto.

A.tellastoryaboutlearningEnglishwords

B.introduceabookonlearningEnglishwords

C.shareanexperienceinlearningEnglishwords

D.presentdifferentpronunciationsofthesameword

B

Smartphone,poorsight

Lookaroundandyou,11seepeoplebusyontheirsmartphones.Smartphonesdomake

ourliveseasier.Buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutwhattheymeantoyoureyes?

Accordingtoastudy,halfofBritishpeopleownsmartphonesandtheyspendan

averageoftwohoursadayusingthem.Therehasbeena35%increaseinthenumberofpeopleintheUKwho

sufferfromshortsightednesssincesmartphoneswereintroducedtherein1997.

Staringatsmartphonesforalongtimegivesyoudryeyes.Whenlookingatsomethinginthedistance,your

eyesautomaticallyblinkacertainnumberoftimes.However,whenyoulookatthingsclosertoyourface,the

blinkingslowsdown.Thisreducestheamountoftearsandcausesdiscomfortinyoureyes.Anotherbadhabitis

usingsmartphonesindarkroomsbeforegoingtosleep.Ifyoulookatabrightscreenwhileyourpupilsbecome

larger,toomuchlightentersyoureyes.Thiscandoharmtotheeyesandcauseadiseasecalledglaucoma.

Whileyou'reprobablynotgoingtostopusingtoyoursmartphone,thereareafewthingsyoucandoto

protectyoureyes.Holdyourphoneatleast30continuesawayfromyoureyeswhenusingit.Takeabreakevery

hourandtrythefollowing:lookatsomethingatleastfivemetersfromyouandthenfocusonthetipofyournose.

Repeatthisseveraltimes.Itshouldreducethediscomfortinyoureyes.

1.Thearticleismainlyabout.

A.therulestoobeywhenusingsmartphones

B.theharmthatsmartphonesdotousers,eyes

C.thereasonwhyteenagergetshortsightedness

D.advantagesanddisadvantagesofsmartphones

2.FromParagraph2,welearnthat.

A.halfoftheBritishpeoplebegantousesmartphones17yearsago

B.eachoftheBritishpeoplespendstwohoursadayonsmartphones

C.moreBritishpeoplehavesufferedfromshortsightednesssince1997

D.thenumberofBritishpeoplewhoownsmartphonesincreasesby35%

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,usingsmartphonesimproperlymaycause.

A.toomanyblinksB.moretearsintheeyes

C.smallerpupilsD.dryeyesandglaucoma

4.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedbythewriter?

A.Don,tusethephoneforoveranhourwithoutabreak.

B.Holdthephoneatlearnhalfameterawayfromtheeyes.

C.Turnoffyourphoneforacoupleofhourseveryday.

D.Lookatsomethinggreenfarawayforseveralminutes.

5.Thisarticleiswrittentoadvisepeople.

A.nottobuysmartphonesB.tostopusingsmartphones

C.tomakefulluseofsmartphonesD.tousesmartphonesproperly

K真題再現(xiàn)

（一）12019?重慶市中考A卷】

Fightsatschoolsometimeshappen.Buthowcanyoukeepawayfromafight?Here,ssomethingyoucando.

BeCaIm（冷靜）.Sometimes,youfeelsoangrythatyoureallywanttoteachsomebodyalesson.Butbeingangry

can,tsolveproblems.Neithercanafight.Instead,itmaybringyoumoreproblems.Intheschool,everyone

involved（卷入）inafightwillbepunished,nomatterwhostartedit.Therearewinnersinafight.

Shoutloudly.Ifyouknowsomeoneiscomingupbehindyoutoattack,turntowardthepersonwithyourhands

upinfrontofyourbodyandloudlysay“stop"beforewalkingaway.Loudvoicecanusuallymaketheattacker

calmdown.Ifthepersondoesn,tstop,Cryforhelpbycallingoutthenameofateacherwhoseofficeisnearby.

Yourfriendmayaskyoutojoininafight.Learntosayno.Helpinghimfightisnotreallyhelpfultohim.If

youreallywanttogivehimahand,trytoaskhimtogiveitup.Also,youcantellhimifhegetsinvolvedinafight,he

maygethurtandbepunished.Then,trytolearnwhyhewantsafightandhelphimfindarightwaytodealwiththe

problem.

1.Theunderlinedword"attack“inParagraph3means,'"inChinese.

A.擁抱B.攻擊C.阻止D.吸引

2.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeputinthe?

A.Facebravely.B.Joininafight.

C.Learntorefuse.D.Talktosomeone.

3.Thepassageiswrittento_________.

A.helpstudentskeepawayfromfightsB.warnstudentsnottofight

C.advisestudentstohelpeachotherD.encouragestudentstoworkhard

4.Thepassageiswrittenina/an_________.tone（語氣）.

A.sadB.angryC.seriousD.crazy

（二）【2019?浙江省金華、義烏、麗水市】

Inthepark,youseeagroupofpeople,alllookingupatthesky.Withoutthinkingaboutit,youlookupwards,too.

Why?Intheconcert,someonebeginstoclapandsuddenlythewholeroomjoinsin.Youdo,too.Why?

SometimesWefeelWeareactingcorrectlywhenwedothesameasothers.Themorepeoplefollowanidea,the

betterortruerwethinktheideais.IfsthesocialProOf（社會(huì)認(rèn)同感）thatworks.

ThescientistAschcarriedoutanexperiment.Itshowshowsocialproofcaninfluenceus.Inaroom,amanis

shownLine1,andnexttoitarethreelines（A,B,C）.Aislonger,CisshorterandBisaslongasLine?.Hemusttell

whichofthethreelinesisaslongasLine1.Whenthemanisalone,hegivesthecorrectanswerB.Then,fiveother

manentertheroom,andeachofthemgivestheanswerCastheyweretoldto.Nowthemanchangeshisideaand

givestheanswerC.AschgotthesameresultmanytimesamongdifferentSUbjeCtS（實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象）.

Whydoweactlikethis?Well,inthepast,followingotherswasawaytokeepawayfromdanger.Supposethat

5000yearsagoyouwerehunting（打獵）withfriends.Suddenly,theyallranaway.Whatwouldyouhavedone?

Wouldyouhavestayed?No,youwouldhaverun,too.Wearedescendants（后代）ofthosewhocopiedothers,action,

?tissodeeplyplantedinourmindthatwestilluseitnow.

Socialproofhasspecialpower.Theadvertisingindustry,forexample,oftenmakesuseofit.Sobecareful

wheneveracompanysaysitsproductisπthemostpopular".

5.Atthebeginningofthepassage,thewriterleadsinthetopicby.

A.tellingastoryB.givingexamples

C.answeringquestionsD.showingamap

6.AccordingtoParagraph3,theexperimentbyAschshows.

A.followingothersisalwaysright

B.socialproofmaychangepeople,sideas

C.it,sdifficulttocarryouttheexperiment

D.peoplecanstudybetteriftheyarealone

7.Theunderlinedword',It,,inParagraph4refersto.

A.runningwithothersB.huntingwithfriends

C.copyingothers,actionD.doingsomethingdifferent

8.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninfer（推斷）that.

A.it,simportanttorunwithothersanytime

B.productsintheadvertisementarethebest

C.wemustn,tcopyothers,actiontokeepsafe

D.Weneedtothinktwicebeforefollowingothers

（≡）[2019?浙江省衢州市】

Textingwhiledrivingisagainstthelawin47states.Butwhatabouttextingwhilewalking?A2018study

reportedthatmorethan2,500peopleintheUSendedupinhospitalsresultingfromusingamobiledevice（設(shè)備）

whilewalking.

Hawaiipassedalawmakingitillegal（違法的）totextorlookdownatamobiledevicewhilecrossingthestreet.

Itisthefirststatewithalawlikethis.Dopeoplethinkmoreplacesshouldacceptsuchalaw?TheLATimesdida

survey.Herearesomerepliestheyreceived.

RenaJose,2,NewYork

Whichismoreimportant,textingorsafety?Ifyouarelookingatyourphonewhilewalking,youmightnotseea

carcomeortrafficlightsturnred.Itcanbeveιydangerous.Forexample,inJapan,onepersonfellintoalakeand

anothergotherlegstuckinahole,becausebothhadtheirmindontheirphone.Weshouldmaketextingwhile

crossingthestreetillegalinmorecities.

AndySelvam,55,California

Peopledomanythingsthatcauseinjurytothemselvesbutarenotillegal,suchasclimbingmountains,driving

cars,swimmingandsoon.Peoplemightgethurtfromtextingandwalkingifthey,renotpayingattention.ButIstill

thinktheyshouldhaveachoice.

BobMadigan,45,Oregon

Ashumans,wecanmakeourowndecisions.I,mnotsayingit,ssafe,butwedon,tneedthegovernmentto

babysitus.Ifwewanttolearntomakesmartdecisions,thegovernmentneedstostoptellingUSwhattodo.Afterall,

thisisafreecountry.

AndrewBlack,34,Alaska

Thislawisagoodidea-comparethisprotectionwithseatbelts.IfthislawispassedalloverUS,peoplewillbe

worried.Butistherereallyawaytopleaseeveryone?Thiswouldnotbeforfun.Itwouldbesafeandgoodforall

Americans.

9.Accordingtothepassage,in,itisagainstthelawifpeopletextwhilecrossingthestreet.

A.AlaskaB.CaliforniaC.HawaiiD.NewYork

10.TheLATimesdidthesurveymostprobablyto.

A.wintheheartsofmorereaders

B.encouragemorestatestopassthelaw

C.askreadersiftheyagreewithtextingwhiledriving

D.learnaboutpeople,sopinionsontextingwhilewalking

11.InRena,sreply,sheshowedthedangeroftextingwhilewalkingby.

A.usingnumbersB.givingexamples

C.askingquestionsD.tellingstories

12.WhichofthefollowingisAndrewBlack,sopinion?

A.Textingismoreimportantthansafety.

B.ThelawwouldhelptokeepAmericanssafe.

C.It'seasytopleaseeveιyonewhenpassingalaw.

D.Whethertotextornotwhilewalkingispeople,sownchoice.

（四）

（2018?四川廣安市中考）Differentweathermakespeoplefeeldifferent.Itinfluenceshealth,intelligence（智

力）andfeelings.

InAugust,itisveryhotandwetinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Peopletherehavehearttroubleandother

kindsofhealthproblemsduringthismonth.IntheNortheastandtheMiddleWest,itisveryhotatsometimesand

verycoldatothertimes.PeopleinthesestateshavemorehearttroubleaftertheweatherchangesinFebruaryor

March.

Theweathercanalsoinfluenceintelligence.Forexample,inascientificreport,IQ（智商）ofagroupofstudents

wasveryhighwhenaverystrongwindcame,butafterthestrongwind,theirIQwas10%below.Thewindcanhelp

peoplehavemoreintelligence.Veryhotweather,ontheotherhand（另一方面）,canmakeitlower.Studentsinmany

schoolsoftheUnitedStatesoftengetworseonexamsinthehotmonthsoftheyear（JulyandAugust）.

Weatheralsohasastrongin∩uenceonpeople,sfeelings.Wintermaybeabadtimeforthinpeople.Theyusually

feelcoldduringthesemonths.Theymightfeelunhappyduringcoldweather.Butfatpeoplemayhaveahardtimein

hotsummer.Atabout18℃,peoplebecomestronger.

LowairPreSSUre（氣壓）maymakepeopleforgetfulPeopleleavemorebagsonbusesandinshopson

low-pressuredays.Thereisaπg(shù)oodweather1'forhealth.PeoplefeelbestatatemperatureofaboutI8℃.

Areyoufeelingsad,tired,forgetful,orunhappytoday?Itmaybetheweather,sproblem.

31.Whatkindofweathercanhaveabadeffect（影響）Onhealth?

A.Hotandwetweather.B.Goodweather.

C.Warmweather.D.Highintelligence.

32.Whenmaypeoplehavemoreintelligence?

A.Whenaraincomes.B.Whenveryhotweathercomes.

C.Whenastrongwindcomes.D.Whenlowairpressurecomes.

33.Howmaylowairpressuremakepeoplefeel?

A.Forgetful.B.Sad.C.Angry.D.Tired.

34.Whatwillhappentopeoplein"goodweather'1of18℃?

A.Peopleareveryforgetful.B.Peoplecan,tdotheirworkwell.

C.Thinpeoplefeelcold.D.Peopleareinbetterhealth.

35.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?

A.Hotandcoldweatherinfluencesallpeopleinthesameway.

B.Weatherinfluencespeople9slives.

C.IQneverchangesduringweatherchanges.

D.Thereisagoodkindofweatherforpeople,sworkandhealth.

R盡模擬檢測(cè)

A

（江蘇省蘇州市張家港市2016-2017學(xué)年初三英語期末調(diào)研）Intheeyesofmanyforeigners,Chineseare

thebesthostsandtheworstguestsintheworld.They,renotreallybadguests,butbecausetheguest-host

relationshipinChinaismuchdifferentfromthatinsomewesterncountries,itappearstheyarenotniceguests.And

westernguestssometimeslookrudeintheeyesofChineseguests.

InChina,guestsarealmostlikegods.WheneverIenteraChineseperson'shome,thereisalwaysfruitonthe

tableforme,andsomeoneisquicktobringmeacupofteaorwater.Inthewest,generallytheguestisnotagod.

Actingaccordingtothehost,swayofdoingthingsisusualbehaviorforaguest.

Mywife,smother,averykindelderlyChineselady,doesn,tsmoke.When?seesomeofherguestssmokingin

herhouse,asanon-smoker,Ifeelunhappy.UsuallyIwanttostopthemdirectly,butImustrealizethatinChina,to

beagoodhost,shemustnotdothat.InmostNorthAmericanhomes,ifyouareaguest,andthehostsarenot

smokers,youshouldnotsmokeintheirhouse.Attheveryleast,youcouldask,"IsitOKifIsmoke?"But,

don,tbesurprisediftheysay,uNo,youcan,tsmoke.',Inourculture,ifyousmokeintheirhome,youarea

badguest,butiftheydon,tallowyoutosmokeintheirhouse,theyarenotarudehost.

GuestsinChinaalsohavespecialhabits.Somewesternpeoplemaynotadapltothesehabitsverysoon.

ThankfullymywifeisChinese,sowheneverwevisitaChinesefamilyshetellsmetobuythemagift.However,

givingagifttoahostisnotalwaysnecessaryinmycountry.So,ifyouinviteinternationalgueststoyourhome,

don,tbetoosu?prisediftheydon,tbringyouagift.

InChina,youprobablywon,tneedtochangetheguest-hostrelationshipverymuchbecauseyouwillprobably

onlybethehost,andChinesearenaturallyverygoodhosts.Ifwesternhostsinviteyoutotheirhouse,trynottobe

toosurprisediftheirstyleoftreatingyouisnotwhatyouhaveexpected.

1.WhenawesternguestvisitsaChinesefamily,heoften.

A.buyssomefruitB.feelslikeagod

C.wantssomegiftsD.takesacupoftea

2.Ifthewriter,sguestswanttosmokeinhishouse,whatwillheprobablysay?

A.It,sOKifyousmokehere.B.Let,ssmoketogether.

C.Sony,youcan,tsmokehere.D.Smokingisabadhabit.

3.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrasenadaptto,'inthepassage?

A.thinkbacktoB.getusedto

C.lookforwardtoD.keepcloseto

4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.ForeignersshouldIeamfromChinese.

B.Hostsmustdothingsintheguests,way.

C.Westernhostsarealwaysnicetoguests.

D.Peopleshouldunderstandculturaldifferences.

B

（2017濟(jì)南市歷城區(qū)九年級(jí)期末模擬）AlllivingthingsonEarthneedwatertolive.Yethumansarefacing

seriouswaterproblems.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,todayover663millionpeoplelivewithoutasafewater

supplyclosetohome.

Toremindpeopleoftheimportanceofwater,theUNfirstsetupWorldWaterDayin1993.ItisonMar22

eachyear.FromMar22to28isalsotheChinaWaterWeek.Thefirstyear,sthemeis,,Wastewater,,.Ittriedto

callpeopletoreusewastewaterinsteadofwastingit.

InAustraliapeoplemakegooduseofwastewater.MostAustralianshaveagrasslawnaroundtheirhome

insteadofwashingthecarinthestreet.Manyofthemwashitonthelawntokeepthegrasslongersothatitcovers

thegroundandreduceevaporation.

Rainwatermayseemuselesstoyou.Butyoucanalsoreuseit.PeopleinGermanycollectrainwatertowash

theirtoilets.Mosthousesinthecountrythatarebuiltinthelastfewyearshaverainwatercollectiondevices（設(shè)備）.

Rainwateriscollectedfromtheroot,andthenlinkedtothetoilet.Butifyoudon,thavethedevicejustputabucket

（桶）underyourroofwhenitrains.

Watermakesup71percentofEarth,ssurface.ButWecanonlyuseaverysmallpartofit.Onlyabout3

percentoftheworld,swaterisfreshwater.It,sinlakes,riversandunderground.

Over80percentofthewastewaterintheworldgoesbackintothenature.Ithasnotbeencleanedandpollutes

theriversandlakes.Unsafewatermakesaround842,000peopledieeachyear.

By2030,abouthalfoftheworld,spopulationcouldbefacingwaterproblem.By2050,asmanyasseven

billionpeopleacrosstheworldcouldnothaveenoughwatersupplies.Theworld,spopulationmightbe9.3billion

bythen.

1.FromParagraph1,wecanIeamthat.

A.peoplearoundtheworldarefacingseriouswaterproblems

B.waterisalwaysthemostimportantinourschoollives

C.savingwatercanhelpusbetterimprovetheenvironment

D.peopleindifferentplaceshavedifferenthabitstousewater.

2.TheChinaWaterWeekin2017triesto.

A.collectrainwatertowashtheirtoilets

B.remindpeopleoftheimportanceofwater

C.putabucketunderyourroofwhenitrains.

D.callpeopletoreusewastewaterinsteadofwastingit.

3.Theword”reduceπinParagraph3mostprobablymeans".,'.

A.sitdownB.cutdownC.putdownD.writedown

4.What,sthewriter,spurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.Tosharehisrichknowledgeaboutwater.

B.Towarnmorepeopletosavewater.

C.Toshowhowwaterproblemschangetheworld.

D.Totellpeoplehowtodiscoversafewatersupply.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethetitleofthepassage?

A.Waterintheworldhasbecomelessandless.

B.Unsafewatermakessomanypeopledie.

C.Ourplanetwillfaceseriouswaterproblems.

D.Learningtosavewatertoprotectourplanet.

C

PopeyetheSailorfirstbecameapopularcartooninthe1930s.Thesailorinthatcartoonatelotsofspinach（菠

菜）tomakehimstrong.Peoplewatchedhim,andtheybegantobuyandeatalotmorespinach.Popeyehelpedsell

33percentmorespinachthanbefore!Spinachbecameanecessaιypartofmanypeople,sdiets.Evensomechildren

whohatedthetastebegantoeatthevegetable.

ManypeoplethoughtthattheironinspinachmadePopeyestrong,butthisisnottrue.Spinachdoesnothave

anymoreironthananyothergreenvegetable.

Peopleonlythoughtspinachhadalotofironbecausethepeoplewhostudiedthefoodmadeamistake.Inthe

1890s,agroupofpeoplestudiedwhatwasinsidevegetables.Thisgroupsaidthatspinachhadtentimesmoreiron

thanitdid.Thegroupwrotethenumberwrong,andeveryoneacceptedit.

Today,weknowthatthelittleintothereisinspinachcannotmakeadifferenceinhowstrongapersonis.

However,SPINACHDOESHAVESOMETHINGELSEWHICHTHEBODYNEEDS—FOLICACID.（葉酸）

Itisinterestingtopointoutthatfolicacidcanhelpmakeapersonstrong.Maybeitwasreallythefolicacid

thatmadePopeyestrongallalong.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.PopeyetheSailorB.AMistakewithNumbers

C.FolicAcidMakesYouStrongD.TheTruthaboutSpinach

2.WhydidmanypeopleeatspinachaftertheysawPopeyetheSailor?

A.Becausetheythoughtspinachmadethemstrong.

B.BecausetheythoughtPopeyewasfunny.

C.Becausespinachhadalotofiron.

D.Becausepeoplelikedfolicacid.

3.ThereadingpassagesaysthatperhapsPopeyegothisstrengthfrom.

A.ironB.spinachC.folicacidD.exercise

4.Folicacidis.

A.somethinginfoodB.avegetable

C.dangerousD.acertainkindofspinach

參考答案

跟蹤訓(xùn)練

【文章大意】本文作者以單詞'?ball"和f'can?等為例談了多義詞問題。

1.B【解析】題意：如果湯姆經(jīng)常遲到且不能完成任務(wù)，他會(huì)O細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A.dothecan-can

跳Can-Can舞；B.gelcanned解雇；C.beontheball在舞會(huì)上；D.goIoaball去參加舞會(huì)。根據(jù)第二

段最后一句Andyoumightget',cannedπifyoudoapoorjobatwork,whichmeansyoumightlose

yourjob.,可知選B。

2.A【解析】題意：下列哪一項(xiàng)是填補(bǔ)第2段空白的最佳句子？綜合理解題。A.Lefstiyanotherword.讓

我們?cè)囋嚵硪粋€(gè)詞。B.Let'smakeawordlist.讓我們做一個(gè)單詞表。C.Here,sasurveyreport.這是一

份調(diào)查報(bào)告。D.Here'stheguessinggame.這是猜謎游戲。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，是以另外?個(gè)詞"can"

為例談多義詞問題，可知Let,stryanotherWord.最合段意，故選Ao

3.B【解析】題意：作者寫這篇文章是為了o考查綜合理解題。A.tellastoryaboutlearning

Englishwords講一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英語單詞的故事。B.introduceabookonlearningEnglishwords介紹一本學(xué)習(xí)

英語單詞的書。C.shareanexperienceinlearningEnglishwords分享學(xué)習(xí)英語單詞的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。D.present

differentpronunciationsofthesameWOrd呈現(xiàn)同--個(gè)詞的不同讀音。根據(jù)最后?段中的Ifyoulookatthe

titleofthisbookCanaFly,∕√y?…可以看出文章主要是為了介紹一本關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)英語詞匯的書，A、C、

D三項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容都沒有提及.故選B。

B

【文章大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要講述了使用手機(jī)的危害，并建議我們要恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂檬謾C(jī)。

LB【解析】根據(jù)SmartPhone,poorsight以及下文描述，指的是手機(jī)對(duì)我們眼睛的危害，故選BC

2.C【解析】根據(jù)Therehasbeena35%increaseinthenumberofpeopleintheUKwhosufferfrom

shortsightednesssincesmartphoneswereintroducedtherein1997可知，越來越多的人受到了手機(jī)的危

害，故選C。

3.D［解析】根據(jù)Staringatsmartphonesforlongtimegivesyoudryeyes以及Thiscandoharmtotheeyesand

causeadiseasecalledglaucoma可知選Dc>

4.A［解析】根據(jù)Takeabreakeveryhourandtrythefollowing可知選Ao

5.D【解析】本文主要講述了使用手機(jī)的危害，并建議我們使用手機(jī)時(shí)每個(gè)小時(shí)都要休息一下，根據(jù)句意，

故選C。

真題再現(xiàn)

（一）

【文章大意】本文介紹了學(xué)校里有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？本文提供了幾個(gè)方法。首先

要冷靜。其次，當(dāng)有人在身后攻擊你時(shí)，要大聲喊。最后當(dāng)別人喊你