2023年上海市中考英語二輪綜合復(fù)習(xí)-12 閱讀理解A篇之說明文（學(xué)生版）

重難點(diǎn)12閱讀理解A篇之說明文(學(xué)生版)

(建議用時(shí)：30分鐘)

命題趨勢(shì)

中考閱讀理解題主要考查學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通

過閱讀理解短文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能做出正確判斷，然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A,B,

C,D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案或做出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求

閱讀速度為每分鐘40-50個(gè)詞。主要涉及到記敘文，說明文，應(yīng)用文等。

滿分技巧

四種題型：

1?細(xì)節(jié)理解題

☆考察方面：學(xué)生對(duì)相關(guān)信息的識(shí)別能力，答案一般可在原文定位到

☆答題事項(xiàng)：應(yīng)迅速找到并且定位到考點(diǎn)，不可望文生義和主觀臆斷

☆干擾選項(xiàng)：一般與文中觀點(diǎn)相反，不符，未涉及，特征是無中生有，張冠李戴，以偏

概全，擴(kuò)大內(nèi)容

解題技巧：

通讀短文，領(lǐng)會(huì)文章大意，理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次及細(xì)節(jié)，特別注意：

1.五個(gè)W(who,which,when,where,what)和一個(gè)H(how)；

2.數(shù)字、日期、時(shí)間等；

3.注意加強(qiáng)語氣的詞，運(yùn)用排除法排除不符合原文細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)，剩下的就是最佳答案。

2.詞句猜測(cè)題

此題要求考生正確理解短文中的一些關(guān)鍵詞語或句子的含義，常用的方法是多種表達(dá)

法、一詞多義法、同義近義或反義提示法、習(xí)語釋文法及句型轉(zhuǎn)換法等。

解題技巧：

1.正確理解題意，從短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語或句子，根據(jù)特定的語境來判斷理解，

推敲斟酌和最后確定其準(zhǔn)確含義。

2.根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義的技巧：

(1)注意定義和解釋；

(2)同義詞或近義詞的提示；

(3)近義詞和反義詞的提示；

(4)利用懸念的屬種關(guān)系；

(5)借助已有知識(shí)或生活常識(shí)。

3.推理判斷題(不要自行推理+過度推理)

☆考察方面：透過文章的信息進(jìn)入深刻的分析，歸納和推斷得解

☆答題事項(xiàng)：應(yīng)迅速找到并且定位到考點(diǎn)，不可望文生義和主觀臆斷

解題技巧：

1.分析文章的主旨。

2.分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。

3.尋找文章的邏輯思路。

4.核對(duì)問題中各項(xiàng)選擇與文章中有關(guān)詞句的聯(lián)系。

4.主旨大意題(BeSttitle)

☆考察方面：學(xué)生對(duì)文章主旨的駕馭能力，答案一般需要合理的歸納和總結(jié)得到

☆答題事項(xiàng)：通過略讀來快速把握文章的中心，閱讀時(shí)視域要寬，緊抓對(duì)主題句搜索，

按意群進(jìn)行閱讀，避免閱讀中的出聲，指讀，復(fù)視或停頓。

限時(shí)檢測(cè)

一、閱讀單選

TeaisanimportantpartofChinesetradition.TeahasverycloserelationshiptoChineseculture.

ItissaidthatChineseteawasdiscoveredbyKingShenNong.Peoplesaythathelived5,000yearsago.One

summerday,whilehewasvisitingafarawaypartofhiscountry,hefeltverythirsty.Theservantsbegantomake

waterhotenoughtoturnintogasforhimtodrink.Driedleavesfromanearplantfellintothewater.Theking

dranksome,andfounditcouldmakehimfeellesstired.Alsoasascientist,ShenNongwasinterestedinthenew

drink.Andso,teawasdiscoveredin2737BC.

Drinkingteahasmanyadvantages.Itmakespeoplefeellesstired,clearsheatinsidethehumanbodyand

helpspeopleloseweight.Asyouaddacupofteatoyourdailylife,pleasecheckthefollowinghelpfuladvice.

?Drinkithot.Teaoxidizes(氧化)quickly,soitissuggestedthatyoudrinkithot.

?Donotdrinktoomuchstrongtea.Itwillprobablybeharmfultoyourstomachandmakeyoufeelsickifyou

maketheteatoostrong.

?Thebesttimetodrinkteaisbetweenmeals.Itmaynotmakeyouhaveastrongwishtoeatwhenyour

stomachisempty,orcausestomachachewhenyourstomachisfull.

?Donotdrinkwithmedicine.Itmaychangethemedicalresult.Youcandrinkteatwohoursafteryoutake

medicine.

?Greenteaisthebestchoiceforofficeworkers.Why?Becausegreenteahelpsstopthebadresultofthe

computer.

1.Paragraph（段落）2ismainlyabout.

A.whenKingShenNonglived

B.whereChineseteawascreated

C.howChineseteawasdiscovered

D.whyKingShenNongdranktea

2.DrinkingteahaslotsofadvantagesEXCEPT.

A.helpingyouloseweight

B.lettingyoufeellesstired

C.havingastrongwishforfood

D.clearingheatinsideyourbody

3.Mr.Smithisacomputerteacher.He,dbetterdrink.

A.greentea

B.blacktea

C.strongtea

D.coffeewithmilk

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.ShenNongdidn,tlikethenewdrink.

B.Thebesttimetodrinkteaisbeforemeals.

C.Drinkteahotbecauseitoxidizesquickly.

D.Weshoulddrinkteawithmedicine.

5.Thepassageismainlywrittento.

A.letusknowhowteawasdiscovered

B.givesomeadviceaboutdrinkingtea

C.tellpeoplethehistoryoftea

D.advisepeopletodrinkgreentea

Gulangyu,abeautifulisland,wassuccessfullylistedintheUNESCOWorldHeritageListonJuly8th,2017.

It,snotonlytheprideofmyhometown,buttheprideofthewholenation.

GulangyuisseparatedfromXiamenbythe600-metre-wideEgretRiver（鷺江）,withanareaof1.91square

kilometers.It,slikeagardenonthewater.Youcangothereonlybyship.Cars,busesandbikesarenotallowedto

runontheisland.Itissoquietthatwhereveryougo,youcanhearthesoundofplayingthepiano.Asaresultof

this,itiscalled“theislandofιnusic,,?

ThefirstnameoftheislandwasYuanZhouZi.IntheMingdynasty,itwaschangedtoGulangyu,meaning

??drumwaves,,?Becausetheholesinthesouthwesternreefshitbythewavesmakesoundslikethedrumbeating.

Today,Gulangyuislistedasoneofthenation'smajortravellingplaces.Themainplacesofinteresthere

includetheSunlightRock,ShuzhuangPark,PianoMuseumandMemorialHalltoZhengChenggongwhichare

visitedbymillionsofpeoplefromallpartsofthecountιyandtheworld.What,smore,thebuildingsandfoodare

popularwithvisitors.

Therefore,Ihopeourgovernmentcanprotectthefairylandwell,especiallytheenvironment.

6.Wheredoesthewritercomefrom?

A.Beijing.B.Fujian.C.Japan.D.?don,tknow.

7.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheareaofGulangyuislessthan2squarekilometers.

B?Gulangyuishonouredas“theislandofmusic^^and“agardenonthewater”.

C.GulangyugotitsnameintheTangdynasty.

D.GulangyuisontheUNESCOWorldHeritageListnow.

8.Theunderlinedword”reef?''inParagraph3probablymeans“,,inChinese.

A.暗礁B.沙灘C.建筑D.漁船

9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Gulangyudoesn,thavealonghistory.

B?Visitorsdon,tlikethebuildingsontheisland.

C.Gulangyuisfamousallovertheworld.

D.Thewriterisn,tworriedabouttheenvironmentalproblem.

10.Wheremaythepassagebefrom?

A.Astorybook.B.Aposter.C.Adiary.D.Ablog.

“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.^^Friendsareimportanttous.Friendshelpusgetthroughhardtimes.

Friendsalsoinfluenceusalot.Let,senjoytwopoemsaboutfriendship.

ATimetoTalkByRobertFrost

曲,贈(zèng)WhenafriendcallstomefromtheroadAnd

魁I汪slowshishorsetoameaningwalk,Idon,tstand

:倫

alstillandlookaroundOnaiithehillsIhaven't

ToWangLun

I,LiBai,sitaboardashipabouttogo,Whensuddenlyhoed,AndshoutfromwhereIam,whatisit?

onshoreyourfarewellsongsyourfarewell.HoweverdeepNo,notasthereisatimetotalk.

（把鋤頭插

theLakeofPeachBlossomsmaybe,Itisnotsodeep,OIthrustmyhoeinthemellowground

WangLun!入松土）.Blade（刀片）-endupandfivefeettali,

Asyourloveforme.Andplod（吃力行進(jìn)）:Igouptothestonewall

forafriendlyvisit.

Bothpoemsarefamousintheircultures,buttheytelldifferentstories.LiBaidescribedthescene（場(chǎng)景）of

hisfriendseeinghimoff.USpoetRobertFrostwroteaboutafriend,svisitwhenhewasworking.Limadea

comparison.Hispoemshowsthefriendshipbetweenhimandhisfriendisdeeperthanthedeepwater.Frost,s

poem,ontheotherhand,tellsthereadersthatweshouldstopwhatwearedoingtotalkwithourfriends.Ittellsus

thatnothingshouldgetinthewayofspendingtimewithfriends.Thelanguageissimplebutsincere.

11.Whatarefriendsinthepassage?

φFriendsareinneed.?Friendsareimportanttous.

③FriendSinfluenceusalot.?Friendshelpusgetthroughhardtimes.

A.①②③B.0@④C.①③④D.②③④

12.WhatscenedidLiBaidescribeinthepoem?

A.Shipsonthelake.B.WangLunseeinghimoff.

C.PeachBlossoms.D.SongssungbyWangLun.

13.WhatisdeeperthantheLakeofPeachBlossomsinthefirstpoem?

A.Friendship.B.Culture.C.Meaning.D.Comparison.

14.AccordingtoRobertFrost,whichoneistherightwaytotreatsomeoneWecareabout?

A.Standstillandlookaround.B.Finishtheworkthentalk.

C.Stopandhaveafriendlyvisit.D.Hoehillsandnevershout.

15.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Theendofthefriendship.B.Thepopularityofthepoems.

C.Thecomparisonofpeople.D.Theanalysis（分析）ofthepoems.

Thedigitalindustryisdevelopingrapidly.Thereareoversevenmillionjobsinthecomputerscienceand

technologyindustriesintheUnitedStatesalone.Yetthereisstillagendergap（性別差異）whenitcomesto

womenintechnology.Thesewomenfacemanychallenges（挑戰(zhàn)）and41%ofthemgiveuptrying.Sowhatcan

bedonetoclosethisgendergap?

First,womenneedtobeencouragedtoenterthefieldsofscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics

（STEM）,aswellascomputerscience.Ifssaidthat74%ofyoungwomenexpressinterestinSTEMsubjectsand

computerscience.However,womenholdonly18%ofundergraduate（本科）computersciencedegreesand26%

oftechnologyjobs.Earlyeducationmustconvey（傳遞）technologyasatoolthatcanbeusedtosolveproblemsin

reallife.

Manyyoungwomenareputoffbecausetheyregardthetechnologyasmen,sjob.Womenareshortofrole

models.Only5%oftechleadersarewomen.Theycanplayahugeroleforyoungwomenbygivingthem

encouragement,supportandguidance.Theycanalsohelpattractmorewomentogetintothefield.However,men

workinginthetechindustryhaveadutytolistentowomenandkeepacomfortableworkcultureaswell.

Ifwegoontoempower（授權(quán)）womeninthetechindustry,itwillbegoodforeveιyone.

16.Whatistherateofwomenwhogiveuptιyingintechnology?

A.5%,B.18%,C.26%,D.41%.

17.WhatisnotincludedinSTEM?

A.Science.B.English.C.Technology.D.Mathematics.

18.Whyareyoungwomendiscouragedfromworkingintechnologyindustries?

A.Becausetheyregardthetechnologyasmen,sjob.

B.BecausetherearemanywomenrolemodelsinIT.

C.Becausetheyarenotinterestedincomputerscience.

D.Becausetechnologyisuselessinsolvingreallifeproblems.

19.Whatdomenneedtodo?

A.Betechleaders.B.Replacewomen.C.Listentowomen.D.Attractmoremen.

20.Whatisthepassageabout?

A.GendergapinIT.B.ComputerScience.C.MoreEncouragement.D.TechWorkCulture.

Ahobbycanbealmostanythingapersonlikestodoinhisfreetime.Hobbyistskeeppets,buildmodelships,

watchbirds,climbmountains,growflowers,fish,ski,skate,swim,etc.Hobbyistsalsopaintpictures,attend

concertsandplaysandperformonmusicalinstruments.Theycollecteverythingfrombookstobutterflies,and

fromcoinstostamps.

Peoplehavehobbiesbecausetheseactivitiesofferenjoyment,friendship,knowledgeandrelaxation.

Sometimestheyevenmakesomemoneybyfollowingahobby.Hobbieshelppeoplerelaxafterhardwork,and

provideabalance（平衡）betweenworkandplay.Hobbiesalsooffermoreinterestingactivitiesforpersonswho

haveretired（退休）.Anyone,richorpoor,oldoryoung,sickorwell,canfollowaninterestinghobby.

Hobbiescanhelpapersonsmental（精神的）andphysicalhealth.Doctorshavefoundthathobbiesarehelpful

forpatientstorecover（恢復(fù)）fromphysicalormentalillness.Hobbiesgivepatientssomethingtodo,andprovide

interestthatkeepsthemfromthinkingaboutthemselves.

?nearlyyears,mostpeopleweretoobusymakingalivingtohavemanyhobbies.Butsomepersonswho

werefreeenjoyhobbies.

Peopletodayhavemoretimethanbeforeforhobbies.Machineshavereduced（減少）theamount（數(shù)量）time

theymustspendontheirjobs.Morepeopleretireatanearlieragethanbefore.Thosewhohavedevelopedhobbies

neverneedtoworryaboutwhattodowiththeirfreehours.

SirWilliamOsier,afamousCanadiandoctor,expressedthevalueofhobbiesbysaying,uNomanisreally

happyorsafewithoutahobby.^^

21.Accordingtothepassage,ahobbymaybe.

A.one,scommonactivityinhi