Subjunctive-Mood-虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解

SubjunctiveMood什么是虛擬語(yǔ)氣？表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、疑心等表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等虛擬語(yǔ)氣的分類(lèi)語(yǔ)言形式功能Be形（原形）意愿Were形假設(shè)第三條件句假設(shè)第四條件句假設(shè)“意愿”虛擬句：be型虛擬式“意愿”虛擬句用來(lái)表示意愿、要求、希望、建議、命令等的具體內(nèi)容。這種虛擬式有以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)形式：1、用在表要求、命令、指示等動(dòng)詞后的that賓詞從句中或其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句其結(jié)構(gòu)為“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”

suggest(建議)recommend(推薦)

advise(勸告)propose(建議)

insist(堅(jiān)持)consent(允諾)

decide(決定)

order(命令)

request(要求)

desire(期望)

maintain(主張)

urge(催促)

三個(gè)建議四個(gè)要求insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,ask虛擬語(yǔ)氣Should+v型兩個(gè)命令一個(gè)堅(jiān)持在賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句中。這種用法的常用詞有：Heorderedthatallthestudents(should)attendhislecturesontime.1)他命令所有學(xué)生按時(shí)到課。Itissuggestedthattheproject(should)bestartedatonce.2)有人建議馬上啟動(dòng)這個(gè)工程。WhatdoyouthinkofherproposalthatI(should)applyforanewjob?3)她建議我去找份新工作，你覺(jué)得怎樣？1.Iadvisedthatyou___thejobassoonaspossible.AfinishedBfinishingCtofinishDfinish2.Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay___beraised.AshouldBwouldCmustDcould3.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.

A.notwentB.won'tgo

C.notgoD.nottogo

4.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam____beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished5.Thecommanderorderedthatwe_____workbeforeFriday.A.mustfinishB.finishedC.shouldfinishD.couldfinishJan’spalefacesuggestedthathe___ill.AbeBwasCshouldbeDisHeinsistshe______right.A.wereB.wasC.beD.isTIPST.orF.Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.insist/suggest各有兩種意思，要用不同的語(yǔ)氣Insist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，用虛擬形式，即should+do;Insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示事實(shí)。Suggest表示“建議”時(shí)，用虛擬形式。Suggest表示“說(shuō)明、暗示”時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。FTFT虛擬語(yǔ)氣注意：如suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、說(shuō)明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody__________(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(have)ameetingatonce.obeywasbesenthavenecessary(必需的)essential(必要的)imperative(必需的)natural(天生的)desirable(希望的)advisable(希望的)important(重要的)appropriate(適當(dāng)?shù)?2、用在Itis+形容詞+that-clause中,主要表示主觀看法，比方：“某事是必要的、重要的、自然而然的”從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省。

我們有必要出去散散步。

她這樣做是很自然的。

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

Should+V型虛擬語(yǔ)氣TranslationIt’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalk.It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Itisimperativethatstudents_____theirtermpapersontime.

A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin√1.Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldB.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedC.hadfinishedC.mustbefinishedD.willfinish

CA3.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;set

B.haddone;shouldbeset

C.shoulddo;beset

D.haddone;mustbesetB3、公式化語(yǔ)句

表示“祝愿、詛咒、禁止”等意義的特殊表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)里L(fēng)onglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!Godblessyou!Goddamnyou!(該死的！)Heavenforbid!(天理不容！)Deviltakehim!(混蛋！)Sobeit.(但愿如此/就這樣吧。)were-型虛擬式非真實(shí)的條件或讓步幾乎不可能的假設(shè)特殊句型1.由if,ifonly,asif,asthough,though等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示非真實(shí)的條件或讓步。IfIwereyou,Ishouldwaittillnextweek.Ifitweretorain,thegamewouldbeputoff.IfonlyIwerenotsonervous.HespoketomeasifIweredeaf.Hebehavesasthoughhewerebetterthanus.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English______mucheasiertolearn.A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen2.were型虛擬式常用于wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine等表示“希望，但愿，寧愿”的-that分句中，表示一種臆想的〔通常是不可能發(fā)生的〕情況。Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Supposetheearthwereflat.Justimagineeveryoneweretogiveupsmoking.3.特殊句型Itis(high/about)timethat...that從句中動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示“差不多/該是……的時(shí)候了”。其中that可以省略。Itisthetimewelefttheoffice.區(qū)分：It'sthefirst(second/third)time后面的that從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用完成時(shí)來(lái)表示一種經(jīng)歷。It'sthesecondtimeI'vecomehere.SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforsolong,it’sabouttimeyou____abletowritelettersinEnglish.A.shouldbe B.were C.mustbe D.are√SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?”“Idon’tknow.Butit’sabouttime______onsomething.”A. I’ddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.I’mdeciding√SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4It’shightimewe_____cuttingdowntherainforests.

A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stop√條件句的類(lèi)型一、事實(shí)與習(xí)慣條件句（whenever）真實(shí)條件句二、將來(lái)假設(shè)條件句（if）三、現(xiàn)在與將來(lái)相反假設(shè)條件句非真實(shí)條件句四、過(guò)去相反假設(shè)句

虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過(guò)去相反的假設(shè)與將來(lái)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式〔動(dòng)詞be用were)主語(yǔ)+should,would,might,could＋動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)＋should,wouldmight,could＋動(dòng)詞原形通常有三種情況：①與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。〔過(guò)去虛擬〕②與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。〔現(xiàn)在虛擬〕③與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反?！矊?lái)虛擬〕

“后退一步法”①與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，在從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式表示。②與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式表示。③與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)形式表示。1)IfIwereyou,Ishouldn'tdothat.2)Wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime.3)Wecouldaskhimifhewerehere.4)IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldringhimup.條件從句主句did（be動(dòng)詞一般用were）would(should,could,might)+doI.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法

1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下：1)Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.2)Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwould(might)havemethim.3)IwouldhavecalledyouifIhadknownyourphonenumber.條件從句主句had+donewould(might)+havedone2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下：SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4IfonlyI______playtheguitaraswellasyou!

A.wouldB.CouldC.shouldD.might√1)Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.

2)Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.3)Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgoout.條件從句主句didshoulddoweretodowould+do3.表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下：SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Ifonlythepatient______adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibioticshemightstillbealivenow.A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving√SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he____abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were√SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere_____quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.A.weren’t B.hasn’tbeen C.hadn’tbeen D.wouldn’tbe√N(yùn)ote:省略if在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件句中有were,had或should，可以把省略if而把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前構(gòu)成主謂倒裝：例如：1.Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.2.WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.3.Hadhebeenmorecareful(Ifhehadbeenmorecareful),suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4_____forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.A.HaditnotbeenB.Hadn’titbeenC.WasnotD.Wereitnot√虛擬式的特殊形態(tài)主從句時(shí)態(tài)不一致IfMotherhadtoldmethattruthwhenIwasyoung,Iwouldnotmakesuchmistakessooftennow.錯(cuò)綜條件句Ifyoustudiedhardernow,youwouldbemoresuccessfulinthefuture.1.Thecommitteemembersproposethattheplan________postponedforafewdays.A.beingC.tobeB.beenD.be2.ThebossinsistedthatMr.Copper(give)

upsmokingatonce.3.Thedirectorrequiredthateverymemberinhisdepartment(refer).tothisreport.4.Ithinkit’shightimewe________strictmeasurestostoppollution.A.willtakeC.tookB.takeD.havetakenD(should)give(should)referC5Ifonlyshe(know)

thatherbehaviourwasnotwelcome,shewouldhavebeenmorecarefulwithhermanners.6IfIhadacarofmyown,I________ittoyoursisteryesterday.A.wouldhavelentC.musthavelentB.wouldlendD.shouldlend7Jackwouldneverhavedonethatifhe(have)________agoodeducation.

hadknownAhadhad

含蓄條件句

非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來(lái)，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。Butfor,befor,without,butthatIfyouhadnothelped,Iwouldn’thavepassedtheexam.→Butforyourhelp,...Withoutyourhelp…Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,…條件句的變化形式〔含蓄條件句〕Butthatyouhelped,...Exercise

Butfor,without,befor,butthat如果沒(méi)有太陽(yáng)，地球上就不會(huì)有植物。Butforthesun,therewouldbenoplantonourplanet.Withoutthesun,…Ifitwerenotforthesun,...Butthatthereisthesun,…條件句的變化形式〔含蓄條件句〕Otherwise

[sentenceadverb]usedwhensayingwhatwouldhavehappenedormighthavehappenedifsomethingelsehadnothappened:

Weweredelayedattheairport.Otherwisewewouldhavebeenherebylunchtime.

類(lèi)似if型虛擬語(yǔ)氣butfor+n(要不是),without+n,otherwise，inthatcase，一些短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于虛擬條件從句〔if…〕,其后的句子與虛擬條件主句用法一致。+句子would/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+havedone現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)過(guò)去1.Butforyourhelp,we

(make)suchrapidprogress.

沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們是不會(huì)取得這么快的進(jìn)展的。wouldnothavemade虛擬語(yǔ)氣類(lèi)似if型2.Withoutair,there_________(be)nolivingthings.

如果沒(méi)有空氣，就不會(huì)有生物

would

be3.Thankstothebraveyoungman,otherwise,theboy______________(die).wouldhavediedWish/Asif(though)類(lèi)似if型虛擬語(yǔ)氣Wouldrather/IfonlyWish/Asif/〔though〕+從句現(xiàn)在:過(guò)去時(shí)〔were〕過(guò)去:過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone)未來(lái):would/could/might+V.(原)類(lèi)似if型〔1〕虛擬語(yǔ)氣[例句]

1.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.2.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.3.Hewishedhehadn‘tdoneit.4.Hetreatsthelittlegirlasifshewereheowndaughter.

類(lèi)似if型〔1〕wouldrather+that〔從句〕寧愿……Ifonly+要是……該有多好啊過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)過(guò)去類(lèi)似if型〔2〕虛擬語(yǔ)氣asif/thoughsb{didhaddoneHetalkedasifhehadbeenthereatthattime.Hetalksasifhekneweverything.evenifsb{didhaddoneEvenifIwereasrichasyouoneday,Iwon’tdosuchathing.EvenifIhadmanagedtodoit,theydidn’tbelieveme.EvenifIhadthechancenow,I’mnotinterestedinit.2.wouldratherdosthIwouldratherstayathomeinsuchhotweather.1)2)wouldrathersb{didsthhaddonesthIwouldratheryoustayedathome.Iwouldratheryouhadstayedathome.PatternsuggestingbestwishesIfonlysbdidhaddonewoulddo=howIwishsbdidhaddonewoulddoIfonlyIwereyou.HowIwishIwereyou.{{SubjunctivemoodinTEM-461.It’sgettinglate.I’dratheryou_____now.(2011)leftleaveareleavingwillleave√IfonlyI___tomyparents!(ButIdidn’t.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlistenBSimonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得飽),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldgetCHeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe___there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.beenA–HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?--No,butIwishI___.A.haveB.willC.doD.had

DWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿＿.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken

Cexercises1.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.

A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.Itishardformetoimagine