punctuation-英語標點的使用

PunctuationWhydowepunctuatesentences?Readthefollowingpassagewithoutpunctuation.

IwouldliketoapplyforajobwithyourcompanyfortwoyearsIhavebeenemployedasasalesclerkfortheJonesstoreIsoldnothingthatIdidnottakeprideinIamsureitwillbethesameifIworkforyouLookathowmucheasieritistoreadwithpunctuation

Iwouldliketoapplyforajobwithyourcompany.FortwoyearsIhavebeenemployedasasalesclerkfortheJonesstore.IsoldnothingthatIdidnottakepridein.IamsureitwillbethesameifIworkforyou.Lookatwhathappenswhenwechangethepositionofthepunctuationmarks.

Iwouldliketoapplyforajobwithyourcompanyfortwoyears.Ihavebeenemployed.AsasalesclerkfortheJonesstoreIsoldnothing.That,Ididnottakepridein.IamsureitwillbethesameifIworkforyou.Itactuallychangesthemeaningofthepassage.

Iwouldliketoapplyforajobwithyourcompany.FortwoyearsIhavebeenemployedasasalesclerkfortheJonesstore.IsoldnothingthatIdidnottakepridein.IamsureitwillbethesameifIworkforyou.

Iwouldliketoapplyforajobwithyourcompanyfortwoyears.Ihavebeenemployed.AsasalesclerkfortheJonesstoreIsoldnothing.That,Ididnottakepridein.IamsureitwillbethesameifIworkforyou.AConclusionPunctuationexiststohelpusmakesenseofthewordswereadorwrite.ThePunctuationMarkscomma,fullstop/period.semicolon;colon:questionmark?exclamationmark!quotationmarks“”/‘’apostrophe’parentheses()brackets[]dash—ellipsismark…Doyouknowhowmanykindsofpunctuationmarksthereare?hyphen-virgule/WhatarethefunctionsofPunctuation?Toterminateandseparate.!?Toconnectandseparate,;Connectingtwoseparateideas-ConnectingtwoormorewordsTointroduce,:—IntroducingparallelexamplesToenclose,—()[]“”/‘’EnclosingthedirectspeechorthequotedwordsInsertingandenclosingadditionalmaterialEnclosingadditionalinformationTheDetailedUsageofPunctuationMarkscommaperiodsemicoloncolonquestionmarkexclamationmarkquotationmarksparenthesesbracketsdashhyphenapostrophevirguleellipsismarksTheUsageofCommausedincompoundsentencesusedtoseparateadverbialclausesorphrasesfromthemainclauseusedtointroducenon-restrictiveclausesorphrasesusedtoseparateparallelstructures(ormakealist)usedtosetoffparentheticalelementsusedinthewritingofthedateusedinthewritingofthenumbersusedindirectspeeche.g.1)Heaskedthequestioninaloudvoice,butnooneanswered.2)Weweretired,andwedecidedtohavearest.3)Comeearly,oryou’llmisstheshow.e.g.1)Whenthebellrang,theteacherdismissedtheclass.2)Intheancientpalace,theysawthethronewhereemperorsusedtosit.3)BornandbroughtupintheSouth,sheisnotusedtoeatingwheat.4)Theaudience,interestedinthetopic,askedthespeakermanyquestions.*Youwillbeunabletofinishtheworkintimeifyoudon’tstartatonce.*Hefoundthedocumentinoneofthedrawersofhisdesk.e.g.1)WangLing,whoisthebestsingeroftheclass,willteachustosingthesong.2)Dr.Li,thenewchairmanofthedepartment,willspeakatthemeeting.3)Anoldlady,noddingandsmiling,invitedusin.e.g.1)Thelittlegirllikestosing,todance,andtoact.2)Shebuysbread,butter,vegetables,andmanyotherthingsfromthissupermarket.e.g.1)Yourwork,I’msorrytosay,isnotsatisfactory.2)Thedirector,infact,hasdoneverylittlething.1)ThedelegationwillarriveonJanuary5,2003.*Shewasbornon24May1979.1)1,0002)319,0873)23,654,085e.g.1)Shesaid,“Wehavedecidedtotaketheexamination.”2)“Wehavedecidedtotaketheexamination,”shesaid.3)“Wehavedecided,”shesaid,“totaketheexamination.”TheUsageofPeriodUsedtoenddeclarativesentences,requestsormildordersUsedinabbreviations

e.g.1)Everystudentshouldlearntousethepunctuationmarks.2)Learntousethepunctuationmarks.3)Theyaskedhowthesemicolonshouldbeused.Mr.Mrs.Dr.M.A.a.m.U.S.A.TheUsageofSemicolonUsedtoseparatethecoordinateclauses(并列句)withoutanyconjunctions(連詞)Usedaheadoftheconjunctiveadverbs(連接副詞)UsedwithconjunctionswhentheclauseshaveinternalpunctuationUsedtoseparatetheparallelitemswhichcontaincommaalreadye.g.1)Nooneisbornwithknowledge;knowledgemustbetaughtandlearned.2)Ifshemarriedthatman,herparentswouldbeunhappy;ifshelefthim,sheherselfwouldbeunhappy.1)Thetripwasnotverywellplannedorprepared;therefore,itwasnotapleasantone.2)Sheplannedtogowiththemonthetrip;however,herson’ssuddenillnesspreventedherfromleavinghome.e.g.1)Unfortunately,Wangcouldn’tcome;andhisabsencemadethingsdifficultforus.2)Beforehecame,wehadexpectedhimtohelpus;butwhenhewaswithus,hedidn’tdomuch.1)Onthecommitteearequiteafewwell-knownpeople:forexample,ProfessorZhao,DeanoftheNormalCollege;Mr.Han,editor-in-chiefofthelocaleveningpaper;MissXu,apopularactress;andMr.Hu,DirectoroftheBureauofCulture.TheUsageofColonUsedtomakealistUsedtomakeexplanationsUsedtoseparatethehourfromtheminuteintimereferencesUsedtomarkthescoresofgamesUsedtoternimatethesalutatione.g.1)Weneedthreekindsofsupport:economic,moralandpolitical.2)Sheshowedmethebooksshehadjustborrowedfromthelibrary:twonovelsbyJaneAustenandabookonthehistoryofEnglishliterature.3)Threecauseshavebeengivenforthefailure:poorplanning,insufficientmanpower,andthestorageofmaterial.e.g.1)Thetrainleavesat10:45a.m.2)ChinabeatJapan3:2inthewomen’svolleyballtournament.3)DearMr.Brown:(afterthesalutationofapersonalletterthecommaismorecommon.)4)Mr.Chairman,ladiesandgentleman:(thebeginningofaspeech)TheUsageofQuestionMarkusedtoenddirectquestionsusedafterapointoffacttoshowuncertaintyaboutite.g.1)What’syourname?(directquestion)2)Really?(incompletequestion)3)YournameisFred?(statementintendedasaquestion)1)Hisgrandfather(NelsonBridger?)supposedlyfoughtintheBalckHawkWar.2)Chauserwasbornin1343(?).TheUsageofExclamationMarkusedattheendofasentenceorafteraninterjection(感慨詞)toshowstrongemotionoremphasisusedinparenthesestoshowironye.g.1)Theraindidnotstopforfourdays!2)Bebackatteno’clockorelse!3)Wow!1)Thebutcher(!)isavegetarian.TheUsageofQuotationMarksusedtoenclosethedirectspeechusedtoenclosetheexactwordsthatarequotedfromotherse.g.1)Hillocks(1986)similarlyreviewsdozensofresearchfindings.Hewrites,“Theavailableresearchsuggeststhatteachingbywrittencommentoncompisitionsisgenerallyineffective.”2)Hatch(1978)wonderswhetheramoreaccurateportrayalmightbethatthelearner“l(fā)earnshowtodoconversation,howtointeractverballyandoutofthisinteractionsyntacticstructuresaredeveloped”.TheUsageofParenthesesUsedtosetoffparenthetical,supplementary,orillustrativematterUsedtoenclosenumbersorletterse.g.1)Hehadtogothroughtheusualprocesstogethisbusdriver’slicense(policeandFBIcheck,referencecheck,motorvehiclecheck,writtenexam,mechanicaltest,anddrivingtest).2)JoshuaChamberlain(1829-1914)receivedtheCongressionalMedalofHonorforhisroleatGettysburg.3)TomakeNewEnglandClamChowdergetthefollowingitems:(1)quahogs,(2)cream,(3)potatoes,and(4)onions.TheUsageofDashUsedtoindicateanunfinishedorinterruptedstatementUsedtosetoffaparentheticalelementUsedtointroduceafinalsummarizingclauseUsedtointroducesubheadingsandauthorsafterquotationsUsedtoindicateanabruptchangeofthoughtUsedtointroducethenonrestrictivemodifierse.g.1)“Myideais—“youwanttoquit,don’tyou?2)Hisoldproblems—suchasasthmaandhighbloodpressure—arestillworryinghim.3)Father,Mother,JohnandSusan—allweresurprisedbymyannouncement.4)TheGrowthoftheGreenParties—AGeneralSurvey5)Welearnfromhistorythatmenneverlearnanythingfromhistory.—Hegele.g.1)Ilovedthedinnerlastnight—haveyoueverbeentoChezLouis.2)Someexpensivefilms—Heaven’sGate,forexample—havebeenbigflops.TheUsageofHyphenUsedinthewritingofnumbers,frictionsUsedinpropernounsorproperadjectivesUsedinwordsbeginningwithprefixesUsedincompoundwordsUsedtodividethesyllablesofwordsTheUsageofApostropheUsedtoshowpossessionorrelationshipUsedtoshowcontractionorlettersleftoutCapitalizationUsedatthebeginningofasentenceUsedinpropernamesItalicsandUnderliningTitlesofbooks,periodicals,newspapers,plays,longpoems,moviesandoperasareunderlinedoritalicized.Namesofshipsandaircraftsareunderlinedoritalicized.Titlesofworksofartareunderlinedoritalicized.herdiets?ThankYou!Pleasepunctuatethefollowingsentences:

1.Iseemysonyouarewearingoneofmybesttiesagain2.Itisasadtruthbutinthisunfriendlyworldhewhocriescriesalone

3.Heknewwhathewantedhoweverhedidnotknowhowtogetit4.AndretheworldfamousclownisaFrenchman

5.Beforeweleftwecheckedtomakesurewe’dturnedoffthecomputer

Beforeweleft,wecheckedtomakesurewe’dturnedoffthecomputer.Menwereshouting,womenwerescreaming,childrenwerecrying—itwaschaos.

6.Menwereshoutingwomenwerescreamingchildrenwerecryingitwaschaos“Isee,myson,youarewearingoneofmybesttiesagain.”

Itisasadtruth;butinthisunfrie