中考英語(yǔ)課件（廣東專(zhuān)版）第一部分第四節(jié)代　詞

2024年中考英語(yǔ)課件廣東專(zhuān)版第一部分語(yǔ)法突破第四節(jié)代詞代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類(lèi),大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,代詞考查包括：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞。中考命題常設(shè)情景干擾,特殊語(yǔ)境中代詞的意義和功能,替代詞的選擇是常考熱點(diǎn)。人稱代詞5年2考,物主代詞5年5考,反身代詞5年2考,指示代詞5年0考,不定代詞5年0考,疑問(wèn)代詞5年0考。一、人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的基本用法人稱代詞分為主格和賓格兩種形式,用法如下：用法例子(1)作主語(yǔ)(用主格)她是個(gè)好學(xué)生。

isagoodstudent.

(2)作表語(yǔ)(放在系動(dòng)詞之后)—是誰(shuí)?。俊俏??！猈hoisthere？—It’s

.

(3)作賓語(yǔ)(用賓格,放在動(dòng)詞或介詞之后)我在超市看到他了。Isaw

inthesupermarket.

Shemehim2.多個(gè)代詞的排列順序單數(shù)按二、三、一人稱(you,heandI)；復(fù)數(shù)按一、二、三

(we,youandthey)；名詞后接人稱代詞(thebossandshe)。3.代詞it的用法(1)代替上文提到的事物或情況。如：Lookupthewordinthedictionaryifitisdifficult.如果這個(gè)單詞太難,就查詞典。(2)用來(lái)指天氣、時(shí)間、距離等。如：Itisrainingoutside.Don’tgoout！

外面正在下雨。不用出去了！ItwashalfpastfivewhenJohngotup.約翰起床時(shí)已經(jīng)五點(diǎn)半了。Itisveryfarfromtheschooltothemarket.從學(xué)校到市場(chǎng)的路很遠(yuǎn)。(3)指不明身份的人。如：Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasegoandseewhoitis.有人在敲門(mén)。請(qǐng)去看看是誰(shuí)。(4)用作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)。常用于以下句型：It’s+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.做某事(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))是……的It’s+adj.+that…

……是……的It’stimetodo/forsth.是(做)某事的時(shí)間了Itseemsthat…好像……Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.做某事花費(fèi)(某人)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。sb.+find/think/make/feelitadj.+todosth.某人發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/使得/感覺(jué)做某事是……的It’sone’sturntodo…輪到某人做……如：①對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō),搬動(dòng)箱子很容易。_______________________________tocarrythebox.②該吃午飯了。

___________________________________.③每天早上我花半小時(shí)讀英語(yǔ)。_____________________________toreadEnglisheverymorning.④我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很難。I___________________________tolearnEnglishwell.It’sveryeasyforhimIt’stimeforlunch/It’stimetohavelunchIttakesmehalfanhourfinditdifficult二、物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞作定語(yǔ),后接名詞,不能單獨(dú)使用；名詞性物主代詞后不能接名詞；當(dāng)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),形容詞性物主代詞可與own連用,表示

“某人自己的”。例如：1.

(她的)rulerislong,but

(他的)isshort.

2.Thegiftsonmydeskarenot

(他們的).

3.Thisis

(我自己的房間).

Herhistheirsmyownroom三、反身代詞1.反身代詞用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)“本人；自己”,在句中位置較靈活。如：Hecookedithimself.=Hehimselfcookedit.他自己做的飯。2.反身代詞作賓語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是指同一個(gè)或同一些人或物。如：Janesawherselfinthemirror.簡(jiǎn)在鏡子中看見(jiàn)了她自己。3.反身代詞還可作表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。如：(1)這個(gè)故事里可憐的男孩是我自己。Thepoorboyinthestorywas

.(作表語(yǔ))

(2)你應(yīng)該問(wèn)老師他自己。Youshouldasktheteacher

.(作同位語(yǔ))

myself

himself4.與反身代詞搭配的常用詞組有：(1)learnbyoneself(自學(xué))=__________________________

(2)__________________________

(為自己)(3)__________________________

(玩得開(kāi)心)(4)__________________________(隨便吃)(5)__________________________(自己穿衣)(6)__________________________(使某人感到賓至如歸)teachoneselfforoneselfenjoyoneselfhelponeself(to)dressoneselfmakeoneselfathome(7)__________________________(蘇醒)(8)__________________________(自言自語(yǔ))(9)___________________________________(照顧自己)(10)__________________________(沉溺于……)(11)__________________________(致力于……)cometooneself

saytooneselflookafteroneself/takecareofoneselfloseoneselfin(doing)…devoteoneselfto…四、指示代詞指示代詞包括this,that,these,those。具體用法如下：1.this和these一般指時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或事物,that和those則指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或事物。如：(1)這個(gè)是我的足球,那個(gè)是你的足球。

ismyfootball,and

isyourfootball.

(2)這些是我的姐姐們,那些是我的哥哥們。

aremysisters,and

aremybrothers.

Thisthat

Thesethose2.為了避免重復(fù),常用that或those指代前面的講過(guò)的事物(that指代不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),those指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)),而this,these常用來(lái)指后面的提到的事物。如：(1)廣州的天氣比北京好得多。TheweatherofGuangzhouismuchbetterthan

ofBeijing.

(2)我想說(shuō)的是：英語(yǔ)非常重要。WhatIwanttosayis

：Englishisveryimportant.

thatthis3.打電話時(shí),常用this指代自己,that指代對(duì)方。如：我是瑪麗,請(qǐng)問(wèn)你是誰(shuí)？

isMaryspeaking.Who’s

,please？

Thisthat五、不定代詞

不定代詞分為普通不定代詞和復(fù)合不定代詞。幾組常用的不定代詞比較序號(hào)不定代詞用法例子1some(1)多用于肯定句,表示“一些；幾個(gè)”(2)也可以用于疑問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求,邀請(qǐng)(3)指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)①Wouldyoulike________

coffee？②Haveyougot

__________

tea？③Thereisn’t

orangeinthebottle.④Ifyouhave____________question(s),pleaseaskme.

any(1)多用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示“一些；任何”(2)表示“任何”的意思時(shí),可用于肯定句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句(3)指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)someanyanyany幾組常用的不定代詞比較序號(hào)不定代詞用法例子2many(1)用來(lái)指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(2)可與alotof,lotsof,plentyof換用①

studentsinourclasscomefromFoshan.

②Don’teattoo

junkfood.

much(1)用來(lái)指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞(2)可與alotof,lotsof,plentyof換用Manymuch幾組常用的不定代詞比較序號(hào)不定代詞用法例子3few(1)表示“幾乎沒(méi)有”,表否定(2)指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)①

(很少)ofuscanspeakJapanese.

②Thereareonly

(幾個(gè))studentsintheclassroom.

③Thereis

(很少)waterinthebottle,soIhavetofetchsome.

④I’m

(有點(diǎn))hungry.

afew(1)表示“幾個(gè)”,表肯定(2)前面由only,just修飾時(shí)使用(3)指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)little(1)表示“幾乎沒(méi)有”,表否定(2)指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞alittle(1)表示“有一點(diǎn)”,表肯定(2)與only,just連用(3)也可以用作副詞,表示“有點(diǎn)；稍微”,相當(dāng)于kindof,abit的用法(4)指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞Fewafewlittlealittle幾組常用的不定代詞比較序號(hào)不定代詞用法例子4all(1)表示三者或三者以上“都”(2)用于指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(3)放在定冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞之前(4)放在系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前①

(所有的)thewaterhasbeenusedup.

②Thestudents

(都喜歡)theircity.

③Therearetalltreeson

(兩)sidesofthestreet.

④—Howareyourparents？—They

(都)fine.

⑤

(莉莉和露西都)areinterestedinit.

both(1)表示兩者“都”(2)用于指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(3)both…and…表示“既……又……,兩個(gè)都”,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)(4)放在定冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞之前(5)放在系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前AllalllikebotharebothBothLilyandLucy幾組常用的不定代詞比較序號(hào)不定代詞用法例子5either(1)指“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”(2)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)(3)主語(yǔ)由either…or…(要么……要么……)連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)遵從就近原則①—Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee？—

(哪一個(gè))isOK.Idon’tmind.

②

(要么你要么我)amgoingtothemeeting.

③

(兩個(gè)都不)oftheanswersisright.

④

(我們和她哥哥都不)likesthebook.

neither(1)指“(兩者中)一個(gè)也不”,屬于全部否定(2)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)(3)主語(yǔ)由neither…nor…(既不……也不……)連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)遵從就近原則EitherEitheryouorINeitherNeitherwenorherbrother幾組常用的不定代詞比較序號(hào)不定代詞用法例子6each(1)可用于兩者或以上中的每一個(gè)人或物(2)作代詞時(shí),后接of短語(yǔ)(3)作形容詞時(shí),后接名詞單數(shù)①Therearemanytreeson_________

sideoftheroad.

②

ofushasanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.

③

studentlovestheirEnglishteacher.=AllthestudentslovetheirEnglishteacher.

every(1)用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人或物(2)只用作形容詞,后接名詞單數(shù)eachEachEvery幾組常用的不定代詞比較序號(hào)不定代詞用法例子7none(1)表示三者或三者以上人或物,“沒(méi)有一個(gè)”,表示全部否定(2)后接of…,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)①

oftheanswersis/areright.

②—Howmanystudentsarehere？—

.

③—Whoisintheclassroom？—

./Nobody.

noone/nobody(1)指人,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)(2)后不接of結(jié)構(gòu)(3)表示否定NoneNoneNoone幾組常用的不定代詞比較序號(hào)不定代詞用法例子8others表復(fù)數(shù),泛指,相當(dāng)于“other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”；后不接名詞①Wethinkso,but___________

maynotthinkinthisway.

②Heisreadytohelp_________.

③Tonyhastakenthreeoranges.Butwhereare

onthetable？

theothers相當(dāng)于“theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,表特指；后不接名詞othersotherstheothers幾組常用的不定代詞比較序號(hào)不定代詞用法例子9other(1)形容詞,后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞(2)anyother后常接單數(shù),表示“其他任何一個(gè)”①Heistallerthanany

studentinhisclass.

②Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold,and

is5yearsold.

③OnlyLilyandLucyareintheclassroom.Wherehave

studentsgone？

④Marydoesn’twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowher

one？

⑤I’mstillhungryaftereatingthecake.Pleasegiveme

.

⑥Ineed

threehourstofinishthework.

=Ineedthreemorehourstofinishthework.theother(1)表示(兩者中的)另一個(gè)(2)后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示“其余的……”(特指)another(1)表單數(shù),表示三者或三者以上之中的另一個(gè)(2)當(dāng)與數(shù)詞連用時(shí),可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞othertheothertheotheranotheranotheranother六、疑問(wèn)代詞用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題的代詞稱為疑問(wèn)代詞,通常位于句首,引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句。1.who作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),但不能放介詞后?？稍儐?wèn)身份和姓名。如：(1)Whowantstogowithme？(2)—

istheboyinred？—HeisJim.

2.whom是who的賓格形式,作賓語(yǔ)。如：To

areyoutalking？

Whowhom3.whose是who的所有格形式,作定語(yǔ)。如：這是誰(shuí)的錢(qián)包？

walletisthis？

4.what指不定數(shù)目中的那一個(gè)。表示“什么；哪一些”,無(wú)范圍,也可用于詢問(wèn)職業(yè)。如：(1)

wouldyoulike？

(2)—

doesyourfatherdo？—Heisateacher.

5.which表示“哪一個(gè)”,指在一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物。如：

bikeisyours？

WhoseWhatWhatWhich七、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)突破1.some,any,every,no與one,body,thing構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞,如someone,anybody,everything等,修飾這一類(lèi)復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),定語(yǔ)要后置。如：(1)Isthere

(任何新的事)intoday’snewspaper？

(2)Wouldyoulike

(別的東西)？

2.指人的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Ifanyone

(來(lái)),askhimtowait.

anythingnewsomethingelsecomes3.不定代詞one指物時(shí),指代同一類(lèi)中不特定的單數(shù)名詞,一般指代“a/an+單數(shù)名詞”,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones；it指上文提到的同一事物,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為they/them。如：(1)Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkIhavetobuy

.

我找不到我的帽子了,我想我得去買(mǎi)一頂。

(同名不同物)(2)Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput

.

我找不到我的帽子,我不知道把它放在哪了。(同一物)oneit2.(2023·佛山市南海區(qū)模擬·35

題)Later,Pengposted

firstvideoofplayingguzhengonthestreetsonlineanditquicklywentviral(走紅).

A.she B.hers C.her3.(2022·廣州中考·3

題)Sometimes,Iwoulddrawpicturesof________

fishandseaplantsandtapethemtothesideofthetank,soBobwouldn’tgetlonelywhileIwasatschool.

A.other B.others C.theother D.theothersCA4.(2022·廣東中考·15題)Allseemedsoeasy.IhopedthenexttimeIwouldbeabletocleanthetankallby

.

A.me B.my C.mine D.myself5.(2021·廣東中考·33

題)WorkersstartedtobuildthebridgeinMay,2018.

cost2.8milliondollarsandtookovertwoyearstocomplete.

A.It

B.Its

C.They

D.TheirsDA6.(2021·廣州中考·9題)I’llgodowntoshowmysupport,ifIcan’tdo

_____________more.

A.something

B.everything

C.anything

D.nothing7.(2021·廣州中考·12題)Bythistimeotherraindropshadseenwhat

did.Onesaid,“Ifyoutwoaredoingsuchagoodjob,Ishallfollow！”

A.you

B.they

C.it

D.heCB8.(2020·廣州中考·10

題)Theymoveonuntilatlast,Davidseessomehousesbelow.Thechildrenruntomeet

.

A.he

B.his

C.him

D.himself9.(2020·廣州中考·1

題)Assoonashereadsonebook,hebringshome

.Soonthehouseisfilledwithbooks.

A.other

B.another

C.theother

D.theothersCB二、代詞在短文填空中的考查1.(2023·廣東中考·66

題)Thereisasmallthingweuseeveryday.Weusuallyput

inthebathroom.

2.(2022·廣東中考·75

題)ThefirstInternationalTeaDaywasonMay21st,2020.Sincethen,peoplehavecelebrated

everyyear.

it

either

be

because

what

else

by

invent

clean

popular

habit

hundreditit3.(2021·

廣東中考·

66題)Onemanhasturnedhisinterestintoloveandthislovemade

writemanybooksaboutChina.

4.(2020·

廣東中考·

74題)Shefeltveryexcitedwhenshesawsmileson

___________faces.

5.(2020·佛山市順德區(qū)二?！?5

題)HethankedGodforsaving_______

lives.

himtheirtheir6.(2019·

廣東中考·

74題)Inordertosavetheoldvillage,GrandpaHuangpaintedonthewallsof

ownhouseandotherhouses.

7.(2018·廣東中考·80題)…h(huán)ewilllookbacktothisexperienceandkeeptelling

,“onebrickatatime”.

hishimself8.(2017·廣東中考·73題)…theyfindthatMr.Smith,Mrs.Smithandtheirtwosonsaresocrazyabouttechnologythat

hardlydothingstogether.

9.(2016·廣東中考·79題)Weshouldtry

besttocareforourfamily.

theyour(

)1.—Wheredidyougetthetoycar？—FromBetty.Shemadeit

.(2023·河北省)

A.myself B.himself C.herself D.yourselfC真題鏈接(

)2.—ChinesechessplayerDingLirenhasdone

hecaninchessandhasputallthathehasintothegames.

—Yes,andhehasbecomechessworldchampion(冠軍)recently.(2023·濱州市)A.everything B.nothing C.something D.noneA(

)3.

teachertalkedto

aboutthestoriesoftheSilkRoad.(2023·天津市)

A.Our；us B.Our；we C.Ours；us D.Ours；we(

)4.—WhichofthetwoT-shirtsdoyouwant？—

.Oneistoobigandtheotheristoosmall.Couldyoushowmeanotherone？

(2023·甘南自治州)A.Either B.Both

C.NeitherAC(

)5.—It’sneithertoocoldnortoohotallyearroundinKunming,making

aperfectplacetoliveinorvisit.

—Right.Iwenttherelastyear.(2023·南通市)A.that

B.one C.this

D.itD(

)6.TheRobinsonsloveseeingtheworld.

havebeentomanyinterestingplaces.

(2023·大連市)A.We

B.They

C.You D.I(

)7.To

surprise,localvillagersaresuccessfulinplantingstrawberrieswithoutsoilinHainan.(2023·青海省)

A.we

B.our C.usBB(

)8.—Tim,isthismagazineyoursister’s？—No.

isonthedesk.(2023·哈爾濱市)

A.Mine

B.Hers C.His(

)9.—Ican’tfindmyshoes.Wherearethey,Mom？—Oh,oneisunderthebed,

isbehindthedoor.(2023·邵陽(yáng)市)

A.theother

B.others

C.anotherBA(

)10.—TherearemanycelebrationsinthecomingDragonBoatFestival.—Soundsveryinteresting.Idon’twanttomiss

.(2023·武漢市)

A.it

B.any

C.none D.oneB語(yǔ)法選擇(主要考查代詞)(2023·高州市一模改編)

Jessieandhertwoyoungsisterslivedwiththeirmotherinanapartmentbuilding.Oneevening,afirestartedon

1

secondfloorofthebuilding.Thesmoke

2

spreadthroughthewholebuilding.Thefirealarmrangsharply.Allthepeopleranoutoftheburningbuilding.Therewasnotimetotakem