高考二輪英語(yǔ)人教版訓(xùn)練模塊2專題1第4講主旨大意題模擬精練

專題1第4講A閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2020·北京通州一模)Infectiousdiseasesandassociateddeathshavereduced，buttheyremainasignificantthreatthroughouttheworld.Infectiousdiseasesoutbreaksandthefearandpanicthatacpanythempresentvariouseconomicrisks.First，therearecoststothehealthsystem，bothpublicandprivate，ofmedicaltreatmentoftheinfectedandofoutbreakcontrol.Concernoverthespreadofarelativelycontainedoutbreakcanleadtodecreasedtrade.Travelandtourismtoregionsaffectedbyoutbreaksarealsolikelytodecline.Somelongrunningoutbreaks，suchasHIV，preventforeigndirectinvestment.Theeconomicrisksarelarge.Itisestimatedthattheexpectedyearlycostofinfectiousdiseasesisatroughly$500billion.Evenwhenthehealthimpactofanoutbreakisrelativelylimited，itseconomicconsequencescanquicklybeeexpanded.Liberia，forexample，sawGDPgrowthdecline8percentagesfrom2013to2014duringtheEbolaoutbreakinAfrica.Theriskisplex，butpolicymakershavetoolsinresponse.Investinginimprovedhealthcare，supplyofcleanwater，andbetterhealthsystemscanreducethefrequencyofhumancontactwithviruses.Investmentinreliablediseasemonitoringinbothhumanandanimalpopulationsisalsocritical.Withinformalglobalwatchsystems，insteadofdiscouragingreportingpossibleoutbreaks，itmaybebeneficialtodevelopincentivesforreportingsuspectedcases，ascountriesmayreasonablyfeartheeffectsofsuchreportingontrade，tourism，andothereconomicoutes.Informalmonitoringsystems，socialmediaforexample，whichcollectinformationfromofficialreports，mediareports，onlinediscussions，andeyewitnessobservations，canalsohelpnationalhealthsystemsandinternationalrespondersgetaheadoftheoutbreaknewsduringtheearlystages.Cooperationsformonitoringinfectiousdiseasesreadinessatthenationallevelprovideinformationnationalgovernmentscanusetoreacttimelytotheiroutbreaks.Thereisasignificantmarketfailurewhenitestovaccines(疫苗)againstindividuallowprobabilityvirusesthatcollectivelyarelikelytocausepanic.Giventhelowprobabilitythatanysinglevaccineofthistypewillbeneeded，highResearchandDevelopment(R&D)costs，anddelayedreturns，medicalpanieshesitatetoinvestintheirdevelopment.However，responsibleinternationalcorporationssuchasCFPIcanoverethismarketfailure.Itsgoalsincludeadvancingcandidatevaccinesagainstspecificlowprobability，highseverityvirusesthroughproofofconcepttoenablerapidclinicaltestingintheeventofoutbreaks.ItalsoaimstofunddevelopmentofinstitutionalandtechnicalplatformstospeedR&Dinresponsetooutbreaksforwhichtherearenovaccines.Undoubtedly，humansandinfectiousviruseswillcoexist.However，wecantakeeffectivemeasurestomanagetheriskofthediseases.Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewellbeinginthefuture.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentives”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Habits. B．Opinions.C．Arguments D．Rewards.2．CFPIisaspecialpanywhich.A．isabletopredictthetrendofthemarketB．developsvaccinesagainstinfectiousvirusesC．makeshugeprofitsbysellinggeneralmedicineD．employsstaffwhograduatefromfamousuniversities3．Whatdoesthepassageimply?A．Moreimportanceshouldbeattachedtohealthcaresystems.B．Alllevelcooperationsarerequiredtohandleinfectiousdiseases.C．Itwillnotbelongbeforemankindthoroughlydefeatstheviruses.D．Technologiesholdthekeytothesettlementofmedicalproblems.4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HealthRisksandResearchofInfectiousDiseasesB．GlobalCooperationandSpreadofInfectiousDiseasesC．EconomicImpactandSolutionsofInfectiousDiseasesD．MedicalServiceandDevelopmentofInfectiousDiseases【答案】1.D2.B3.B4.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了傳染性疾病會(huì)使人們恐懼，使社會(huì)面臨巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但通過改善醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、清潔水的供應(yīng)和更好的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)可以減少人類接觸病毒的頻率。此外，地方、國(guó)家和國(guó)與國(guó)之間的多層面合作也有助于控制傳染性疾病。1．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線部分所在句子“Withinformalglobalwatchsystems，insteadofdiscouragingreportingpossibleoutbreaks，itmaybebeneficialtodevelopincentivesforreportingsuspectedcases，ascountriesmayreasonablyfeartheeffectsofsuchreportingontrade，tourism，andothereconomicoutes.”可知，在全球檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)中，與其阻止報(bào)告可能的疫情，還不如發(fā)展報(bào)告疑似病例的incentive，因?yàn)楦鲊?guó)可能有理由擔(dān)心報(bào)告對(duì)貿(mào)易、旅游和其它經(jīng)濟(jì)成果的影響。劃線詞所在的上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文的discouraging推測(cè)劃線部分的意思是“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”。D.Rewards.(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。)符合以上說法。故選D項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“However，responsibleinternationalcorporationssuchasCFPIcanoverethismarketfailure.Itsgoalsincludeadvancingcandidatevaccinesagainstspecificlowprobability，highseverityvirusesthroughproofofconcepttoenablerapidclinicaltestingintheeventofoutbreaks.”(然而，像CFPI這樣負(fù)責(zé)任的國(guó)際公司可以克服這種市場(chǎng)失靈。它的目標(biāo)包括通過概念驗(yàn)證，推進(jìn)針對(duì)特定低概率、高嚴(yán)重性病毒的候選疫苗，以便在疫情發(fā)生時(shí)能夠進(jìn)行快速臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)。)可知，CFPI是一個(gè)研發(fā)抗傳染病毒疫苗的公司。B.developsvaccinesagainstinfectiousviruses(開發(fā)抗傳染性病毒的疫苗)符合以上說法。故選B項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Infectiousdiseasesandassociateddeathshavereduced，buttheyremainasignificantthreatthroughouttheworld.”(傳染病和相關(guān)死亡已經(jīng)減少，但它們?nèi)匀皇侨澜绲闹卮笸{。)和最后一段的“However，wecantakeeffectivemeasurestomanagetheriskofthediseases.Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewellbeinginthefuture.”(然而，我們可以采取積極的措施來管理疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?，F(xiàn)在地方、國(guó)家和多國(guó)層面采取聯(lián)合活動(dòng)，這可以大大有助于在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候保護(hù)我們所有人平安。)可推測(cè)，傳染性疾病的控制需要所有層面的合作。B.Alllevelcooperationsarerequiredtohandleinfectiousdiseases.(解決傳染性疾病需要各個(gè)層面的合作。)符合以上說法。故選B項(xiàng)。4．標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段的“Infectiousdiseasesoutbreaksandthefearandpanicthatacpanythempresentvariouseconomicrisks.”(傳染性疾病的爆發(fā)以及隨之而來的恐懼和恐慌帶來了各種經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)和第五段的“Investinginimprovedhealthcare，supplyofcleanwater，andbetterhealthsystemscanreducethefrequencyofhumancontactwithviruses.”(在改善醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、清潔水的供應(yīng)和更好的衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的投資，可以減少人類接觸病毒的頻率。)以及最后一段的“Jointactionnowatthelocal，national，andmultinationallevelscangoalongwaytowardprotectingourcollectivewellbeinginthefuture.”(現(xiàn)在地方、國(guó)家和多國(guó)層面采取聯(lián)合活動(dòng)，這可以大大有助于在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候保護(hù)我們所有人平安。)可知，本文主要講述了傳染性疾病帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，以及解決方法。C.EconomicImpactandSolutionsofInfectiousDiseases(傳染性疾病的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響和解決方法)可以作為本文標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。B閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2020·北京海淀一模)Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters.Forinstance，BenedictCumberbatchsaid，“MymomsaysI’mmuchmoreimpatientwithherwhenI’mfilmingSherlock.”MarkSeton，aresearcherattheUniversityofSydney，hasevencoinedtheterm“postdramaticstressdisorder”todescribethelastingeffectsexperiencedbyactorswholosethemselvesinarole.“Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied，”hewrites.Arecentfindingdoesn’tinvolveacting，anditindicatesthatmerelyspendingsometimethinkingaboutanotherpersonseemedtoruboffonthevolunteers’senseofself，ledbyMeghanMeyeratPrincetonUniversity.Acrossseveralstudies，theseresearchersaskedvolunteerstofirstratetheirownpersonalities，memoriesorphysicalattributes，andthentoperformthesametaskfromtheperspectiveofanotherperson.Forinstance，theymightscoretheemotionalityofvariouspersonalmemories，andthenratehowafriendorrelativewouldhaveexperiencedthosesameevents.Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirselfknowledgewasnowchanged—theirselfscoreshadshiftedtobeemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.Forinstance，iftheyhadinitiallysaidthetraitterm“confident”wasonlymoderatelyrelatedtothemselvesandthenratedthetermasbeingstronglyrelatedtoafriend’spersonality，whentheycametorescorethemselves，theynowtendedtoseethemselvesasmoreconfident.Remarkably，thismorphingoftheselfwithanotherwasstillapparentevenifa24hourgapwasleftbetweentakingsomeoneelse’sperspectiveandreratingoneself.“Bysimplythinkingaboutanotherperson，wemayadaptourselvestotaketheshapeofthatperson，”saidMeyerandhercolleagues.Thatoursenseofselfshouldhavethisqualitymightbealittlediscouraging，especiallyforanyonewhohasstruggledtoestablishafirmsenseofidentity.Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere，too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasierthanwethought.Byroleplayingoractingoutthekindofpersonwewouldliketobee，ormerelybythinkingaboutandspendingtimewithpeoplewhoembodythekindofattributeswewouldliketoseeinourselves，wecanfindthatoursenseofselfchangesindesirableways.“Aseachofuschooseswhotobefriend，whotomodel，andwhotoignore，”writeMeyerandhercolleagues，“wemustmakethesedecisionsawareofhowtheyshapenotonlythefabricofoursocialnetworks，butevenoursenseofwhoweare.”5．Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainly.A．statethatactingrequiresskillsB．explainthestressthatanactorfacesC．showthataroleleavesamarkontheactorD．stresstheimportanceofdevotingoneselftoarole6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ruboffon”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Influence. B．Strengthen.C．Confuse. D．Determine.7．Accordingtothestudy，takingtheperspectiveofanotherperson.A．bringschangestoone’sselfknowledgeB．motivatesonetobetterunderstandhimselfC．helpspeopledealwiththeiridentityproblemsD．producestemporaryeffectsonone’scharacter8．Whatisthesignificanceofthestudy?A．Itoffersinstructionsonmakingfriends.B．Itproposesameanstoimproveourselves.C．Itgivesadviceonadjustingone’semotions.D．Itpresentsawaytodealwithstressdisorder.【答案】5.C6.A7.A8.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。演員扮演的角色往往會(huì)在演員身上留下烙印，演員會(huì)受到自己所參演角色的影響，并且這種影響會(huì)很持久。生活中我們也會(huì)受到他人的影響，但是我們也能夠改變自己，進(jìn)一步提升自己。5．段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Thereiscertainlyevidencethatactorsexperienceablendingoftheirrealselfwiththeirassumedcharacters”．以及第二段結(jié)尾句“Actorsmayoftenprolonghabitsofthecharacterstheyhaveembodied”可知演員會(huì)受到自己所參演角色的影響，并且這種影響會(huì)很持久。故正確答案是C。6．詞義猜測(cè)題。通過文章第四段前兩句“Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirselfknowledgewasnowchanged—theirselfscoreshadshiftedtobeemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.”可知，志愿者對(duì)于自己的認(rèn)知受到了第三方的影響。故正確答案是A。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Aftertakingtheperspectiveofanother，thevolunteersscoredthemselvesonceagain：theconsistentfindingwasthattheirselfknowledgewasnowchanged—theirselfscoreshadshiftedtobeemoresimilartothosethey’dgivenforsomeoneelse.”可知志愿者的自我認(rèn)知受到了第三方的影響，進(jìn)一步發(fā)生了改變。故正確答案是A。8．主旨大意題。通過文章倒數(shù)第二段“Yetthereisanoptimisticmessagehere，too.Thechallengeofimprovingourselves—oratleastseeingourselvesinamorepositivelight—mightbealittleeasier”可知通過這項(xiàng)研究我們可以知道改變自己并不是很困難的事情，進(jìn)一步可以對(duì)我們自身進(jìn)行提升。故正確答案是B。C閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2020·廣東省高考模擬)Anadvanceinelectronicpublishingcouldmaketheebookyouarereadingseemasdatedasasilentfilm.Publishershopetoexplorethegrowingsuccessofebooksbyreleasingversionswithaddedsoundtracksandmusicalacpaniments.Thenoisesinthefirstmultimediabooks—releasedinBritainonFriday—includerainhittingawindowinaSherlockHolmestale.Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart，backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.InAmerica，worksbyShakespeareandJaneAustenhavealreadybeenreleasedwithmusicandbackgroundnoisesothat，forexample，readerscanhearteacupsclinkinginMr.Darcy’sgardenastheyreadPrideandPrejudice.Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentforebooksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics，however，willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.CarolineMichel，chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency，saidthenewgenerationofputerliteratereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.Shesaid，“Youngpeoplehavesplitputerscreenswheretheymaybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”Booktrack’ssoundeffectsworkbyestimatingtheuser’sreadingspeed.Eachtimeyou“turn”apage，thesoftwarereassesseswhereyouhavereachedinthetextandtimesthesoundstoswitchonaccordingly.Ifthesoundtrackbeesoutofsynch(同步)，aclickonanywordwillresetit.Someauthorsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddestroythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.DavidNicholls，authorofOneDay，thebestsellernowreleasedasafilm，said，“Thissoundsliketheoppositeofreading.IhaveenoughtroublereadinganebookbecauseI’mconstantlydistractedbyemails.”StuartMacBride，thecrimewriterwhosenovelShattertheBoneswasanebookbestseller，sells18%ofhisbooksaselectronicdownloads.Hesaid，“IfI’mreading，Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.”9．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Opinionsaboutebookswithsoundtracks.B．Responsetotheneedofthebookmarket.C．Reasonsfortraditionalebooksbeingoutdated.D．Suggestionsonencouragingreaders’imagination.10．Whatdopublishersexpectanebooksoundtracktodo?A．Helptoreleaseanebookasafilm.B．Helpreadersimprovereadingspeed.C．Addtensionatabook’sexcitingpoint.D．Getreadersfamiliarwiththebackground.11．Whoisinfavourofaddedsoundtracksforebooks?A．Mr.Darcy. B．CarolineMichel.C．DavidNicholls. D．StuartMacBride.12．WhatdoweknowaboutStuartMacBride?A．Hewasapersonwhowaseasytogetangry.B．Heknewagreatdealaboutteaandteaculture.C．Eightytwopercentofhisbooksdescribedcrime.D．Heimaginedsoundsrelatedtothestorywhenreading.【答案】9.A10.C11.B12.D【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章說明了出版商希望通過發(fā)行帶有附加音軌和音樂伴奏版本的電子書，支持者認(rèn)為，聲音效果是電子書的下一個(gè)合乎邏輯的發(fā)展，并將增加年輕讀者的興奮。然而，批評(píng)家會(huì)爭(zhēng)辯說，噪音會(huì)破壞閱讀所激發(fā)的想象的簡(jiǎn)單樂趣。文章介紹了不同的人對(duì)此的看法。9．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentforebooksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.Critics，however，willarguethatthenoisewillruinthesimplepleasureofhavingtheimaginationstimulatedbyreading.”可知支持者認(rèn)為，聲音效果是電子書的下一個(gè)合乎邏輯的發(fā)展，并將增加年輕讀者的興奮。然而，批評(píng)家會(huì)爭(zhēng)辯說，噪音會(huì)破壞閱讀所激發(fā)的想象的簡(jiǎn)單樂趣。結(jié)合文章說明了出版商希望通過發(fā)行帶有附加音軌和音樂伴奏版本的電子書，介紹了不同的人對(duì)此的看法。由此可知，這篇文章主要講了對(duì)帶有配樂的電子書的看法。故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart，backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.”可知當(dāng)書的情節(jié)發(fā)展到最激動(dòng)人心的部分時(shí)，背景的得分會(huì)制造緊張感。由此可知，出版商希望一個(gè)電子書原聲帶在書中令人興奮的地方增加緊張感。故選C。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“CarolineMichel，chiefexecutiveoftheliteraryagency，saidthenewgenerationofputerliteratereaderswasusedtomultiplesensoryinput.”可知這家文學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)的首席執(zhí)行官CarolineMichel表示，新一代懂電腦的讀者習(xí)慣于多重感官輸入。以及“Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.”可知如果這是市場(chǎng)想要的，那么我們應(yīng)該對(duì)市場(chǎng)作出反應(yīng)。由此可推知，CarolineMichel支持為電子書添加配樂。故選B。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hesaid，’IfI’mreading，Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.’”可知他說：“如果我在看書，我會(huì)在腦子里制造響聲。我不需要有人告訴我茶杯叮當(dāng)?shù)穆曇羰鞘裁礃拥?。那?huì)激怒我的?！庇纱丝芍?，StuartMacBride在閱讀時(shí)想象與故事有關(guān)的聲音。故選D。D閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2020·山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三6月模擬考試)Whyshouldmostofushatespiderswhenweknowdeeplyhowmuchgoodtheydo？Isitbecausetheysomehowseemsoalien？Afterall，whatotherlandcreaturesonearthhaveeightlegs？Whatothercreaturesspinsilkwebsinwhichtocatchandwraptheirpreytopreserveitforthefuture，muchasweputfoodinthefridgetoeatlater？Idonotpersonallysufferfromarachnophobia，thenamegiventoanabnormalfearofspiders，butIcan’tsaythatIlikethelittlebeasts.However，somepeopledo，andtheyactuallykeepthemaspets!Thereisawidevarietyofspidersintheworld.Infactithasbeenestimatedthattherearesome35,000species—fromlittle“moneyspiders”thatliveinyourbackgarden，tothe“blackwidowspider”，andthe“tarantula”，thespiderthatisnowsometimeskeptasapet.Atarantulacanbeanyoneofalargehairyspidersfamilyandthereareabout800speciesofthem.Whileexpertscantellthedifferencebetweenspeciesataglance，mostareusuallydescribedinreferencebooksas“ratherslowly”with“astrongbitewhichmaybepoisonous”．Theyarecoveredwithhairswhichcancausearash(皮疹)iftheyarehandled.Noonehascalculatedthenumberofhumandeathscausedbyabitefromatarantulaperhapsbecauseithasneverhappened，orhappenedsorarely，andindeedatarantulawilldonoharmtoanyoneifhandledcorrectly.Theirdisgustingimagecannotbelietheirgentlenaturebutexpertstellusnottohandleatarantulawithoutexpertadvice.Tarantulasarepopularaspetsanditrequiresverylittlespacetomaintaintheminexcellentcondition.Theyshouldbekeptsinglyinaglasscontainer，whichneednotbeverylargebutshouldhavealayerofstonesinthebott