精讀教程教學(xué)下冊unit five

《研究生英語精讀教程》(第三版下)中國人民大學(xué)出版社UnitFiveTheAppleofYourEar1.Text2.Exercise3.SupplementaryReadingTheAppleofYourEarLevGrossmanMenuTranslationcooladj.veryfashionable,stylish時(shí)尚的metropolitanadj.ofachiefcity大都市的Menu[1]TheiPhonestartedoutthewayalotofcool*thingsdo:assomethingcompletelydifferent.Afewyearsago,SteveJobsnoticedhowmanydevelopmentdollarswerebeingspent—particularlyinthegreaterSeattlemetropolitan*area—onwhatarecalledtabletPCs:flatportablecomputersthatworkwithatouchscreeninsteadofamouseandkeyboard.Jobs,beingJobs,wascurious.HehadsomeApple1engineersnoodlearound*withatouchscreen.Whentheyshowedhimwhattheycameupwith,hegotexcited.Soexcitedheforgotallabouttabletcomputers.Hehadbiggergametohunt.noodlev.playaninstrumentatwill隨意彈奏樂器noodlearoundstudy研究MenuTranslation[2]JobshadjustledAppleonatriumphantrampage*throughanewmarketsector,portabledigital-musicplayers,andhewaslookingaroundformoretechnologytoconquer.Hefoundtheidealtargetsittingonhiship*.Consumersboughtnearlyabillioncellphoneslastyear,10timesthenumberofiPodsincirculation.rampagen.excitedandviolentbehavior狂暴地亂沖亂闖的行為hipn.thefleshypartofeithersideofthehumanbodyabovethelegs臀,股adj.oforfavoringthelatestfashions;modern新潮的MenuApple’snewiPhone,whichwillbeavailableinJune,coulddotothecell-phonemarketwhattheiPoddidtotheportable-musicplayermarket:crushitpitilesslybeneaththeweightofitsownsuperiority.Thisisunfortunateforanybodyelsewhomakescellphones,butit’sgoodnewsforthoseofuswhousethem.TranslationMenu[3]Thegameisalittledifferentthistime.WiththeiPod,Jobsessentiallycreatedawholenewproductcategory.Thecell-phoneturf*isalreadyheldbyentrenched*armiesofphonemakersandserviceproviders.turfn.thesurfaceofthesoilwiththegrassgrowinginit草地；勢力范圍entrenchv.todigalongdeepditchinthegroundtoprotectaplaceoranarmy挖壕溝防護(hù)；確立MenuTheymaynotbeashiporinnovativeasApple,buttheywillshred*oneanotherfornickels*,andtherearealotofnickelsontheground.“Wealreadyhavecellphonesandsmartphones,sothemarketplaceisalreadyverycompetitive,”saysindustryanalystJeffKagan.“WehavenotseenApplecompeteintheinsanely*intense,competitivewirelessmarketplace.”shredv.tocutortearintosmallpieces撕成碎片；拼殺nickel※n.[美]thecoinoftheUSandCanadaworth5cents五分鎳幣insanely△adv.madly瘋狂地MenuTranslation[4]Butitwasn’tjustthemoney.CellphonesinterestedJobsbecauseeventhoughtheydoallkindsofstuff—calling,textmessaging,Webbrowsing*,contactmanagement,musicplayback,photosandvideo—theydoitverybadly,byforcingyoutopresslotsoftinybuttonsandnavigate*diverseheterogeneous*interfacesandsquint*atatinyscreen.browsev.toreadhereandthereinbooksforenjoyment瀏覽navigatev.togobysea,air,etc.駕駛船只等,瀏覽heterogeneousadj.ofdifferentkinds不同的,異類的squintv.tolookwithalmostclosedeyes瞇眼而看Menu“Everybodyhatestheirphone,”Jobssays,“andthat’snotagoodthing.Andthere’sanopportunitythere.”ToJobsperfectionisteyes,phonesarebroken.Jobslikesthingsthatarebroken.Itmeanshecanmakesomethingthatisn’tandsellittoyouatapremium*price.premiumadj.worthmorethanusual特佳的,特級的MenuTranslation[5]Thatwaswhy,2.5yearsago,Jobssicced*hiswrecking*crewofdesignersandengineersonthecellphoneasweknow—andhate—it.TheybeganbymeltingthefaceoffavideoiPod.Noclickwheel*,nokeypad*.sicv.ordertoattack命令攻擊wreckingadj.rescuing救援clickwheeln.導(dǎo)航鍵盤keypadn.字母鍵盤

MenuTheysheared*offtheentirefrontandreplaceditwithahuge,bright,vividscreen—thattouchscreenJobsgotsoexcitedaboutafewparagraphsago.Whenyouneedtodial,itshowsyouakeypad;whenyouneedotherbuttons,thescreenservesthemup.Whenyouwanttowatchavideo,thebuttonsdisappear.Suddenly,theinterfaceisn’tfixedandrigid,it’sfluidandmolten.Softwarereplaceshardware.shearv.tocutoffwoolfrom修剪shearoff:tobreakintwo折斷

MenuTranslation[6]IntothatiPodtheystuffedaworkingversionofApple’soperatingsystem,OSX,sothatthephonecouldhandlereal,nontoy*applicationslikeWebbrowsersande-mailclients*.nontoyadj.real真正的client※n.客戶端Menuheyputinacellantennaandtwomoreantennasforwi-fi*andBluetooth*,plusabunchofsensors,sothatthephoneknowshowbrightitsscreenshouldbeandwhetheritshoulddisplayverticallyorhorizontally,andwhenitshouldturnoffthetouchscreensothatyoudon’taccidentallyoperateitwithyourear.wi-fiandBlue-tooth:wi-fi是無線保真技術(shù)WirelessFidelity的縮寫,它與藍(lán)牙（Blue-tooth）技術(shù)一樣,屬于在辦公室和家庭中使用的短距離無線通信技術(shù)。Blue-tooth藍(lán)牙技術(shù)MenuTranslation[7]ThenJonathanIve,Apple’sheadofdesign—theEnglishmanwhoshapedtheiMacandtheiPod—squashed*thecasetolessthanhalfaninchthickandwidenedittowhatlookslikeabarofexpensivechocolatewrappedinaluminumandstainlesssteel.squashv.toforceintoaflatshape;crush壓扁MenuTheiPhoneisatypicalpieceofIvedesign:anaustere*,abstract,Platonic*-lookingformthatsomehowalsomanagestofeelwarmandorganicandergonomic*.MenuTranslationaustereadj.lackingcomfort;hard樸素的,無裝飾的Platonicadj.柏拉圖式的ergonomicadj.referringtothewayinwhichpeopleworkmosteffectivelywithmachines人性化的[8]O.K.,soit’spretty.Nowpickitupandmakeacall.Abigfriendlyiconappearsonthathugescreen.Sayasecondcallcomesinwhileyou’retalking.Anothericonappears.Tapthatsecondicon*,andyouswitchtothesecondcall.Tapthe“mergecalls”icon,andyou’vegotathree-wayconferencecall.It’sridiculouslysimple.iconn.圖標(biāo)TranslationMenu[9]Thefactis,theiPhoneshatterstwobasicaxioms*ofconsumertechnology.One,whenyoutakeanapplicationandputitonaphone,thatapplicationmustbereducedtoacrippled*andannoyingversionofitself.Menuaxiomn.astatementthatisgenerallyacceptedastrueanddoesn’tneedtobeproved公理crippledadj.apersonhurtorwoundedinsuchawaythattheuseofoneormoreofthelimbsismadedifficultorimpossible跛足的Two,whenyoutaketwodevices—suchasaniPodandaphone—andsquishthemintoone,bothdevicesmustnecessarilyelamer*versionsofthemselves.MenuTranslationlameadj.notabletowalkeasilyorproperly跛足的TheiPhoneisaphone,aniPodandamini-Internetcomputerallatonce,andtheyall—contrarytobasicphysics—occupythesamespaceatthesametime,butwithouttakingahitinperformance.Inaway,iPhoneisthewrongnameforit.(Indeed,CiscoissuingApple,claimingitownsthetrademark.)It’sahandheldcomputingplatformthatjusthappenstocontainaphone.TranslationMenu[10]WhyisAppleabletodothingsmostothercompaniescan’t?Partlybychargingforit:theiPhonewillcost$499fora4-GBmodel,$599for8-GB.Andpartlybecauseunlikemostcompanies,Appledoesitsownhardware,itsownsoftwareanditsownindustrialdesign.Whenitalltakesplaceunderoneroof,yougetakindofcollaborativesynergy*thatmakesunusualthingshappen.synergyn.jointeffects共同作用MenuTranslation[11]Applealsoplacesanunusualemphasisoninterfacedesign.Itsweats*thecosmetic*detailsthatdon’tseemveryimportantuntilyoureallysweatthem.“Iactuallyhaveaphotographer’sloupe*thatIusetomakesureeverypixel*isright,”saysScottForstall,Apple’svicepresidentofPlatformExperience.Menusweatv.careabout,mind在意cosmeticadj.relatedtoorcausingincreasedbeautyoftheskinorhair化妝用的；表面的loupen.放大鏡pixeln.像素“Wewillargueoverliterallyasinglepixel.”Asaresult,whenyouswipe*yourfingeracrossthescreentounlocktheiPhone,you’renotjustaccessingasystemofnestedmenus,you’reenteringatinyuniverseinwhichdataexistasbouncy*,gemlike*objects.Menuswipev.tohitviolently揮臂重?fù)鬮ouncyadj.fulloflifeandeager有彈性的；有活力的gemlike※adj.寶石般的Youcanactuallypinchanimagewithtwofingersandmakeitsmaller.Becausethere’snomouseorkeyboard,justthattouchscreen,there’sapowerfulillusionthatyou’rephysicallyhandlingdata.TranslationMenu[12]Ofcourse,Apple’sothersecretweaponisthecontrollinghandofSteveJobs,51,forwhomthisisanalmostmysticallysignificantyear.IthasbeenfiveyearssincetheiPodlaunched,30yearssinceJobsco-foundedApple(withStephenWozniak)and10sincehereturnedthereafterhavingbeenfired.MenuInthatdecade,Apple’sstockhasgoneupmorethan1,500%.Neitheragenorsuccess—norcancersurgeryin2004—hassignificantlymellowed*him,althoughsomeofthesilverinhisbeardiscreeping*upintohishair.mellowv.toeripe使成熟creepv.tomoveoradvanceslowlyandquietly不知不覺來臨MenuAlltechnologistsbelievetheirproductsarebetterthanotherpeople’s,oratleasttheysaytheydo,butJobsbelievesitalittlemorethanmost.HecallstheiPhone“themostimportantproductApplehaseverannounced,withthepossibleexceptionoftheAppleⅡandtheMacintosh.It’salsogoingtobeanincrediblerevolutionforthewholeindustry.”MenuTranslation[13]Jobs’zealforproductdevelopment—andenforcinghispersonalvision—remainsasrelentlessasever.HekeepsApple’smanagementstructureunusuallyflatfora20,000-personcompany,sothathecanseewhat’shappeningatgroundlevel.ThereisjustonecommitteeinthewholeofApple,toestablishprices.IfthemottoforApple’sconsumersis“Thinkdifferent,”themottoforAppleemployeesis“ThinklikeSteve.”TranslationMenu[14]ThesamegoesforApple’spartners.ThelasttimeAppleexperimentedwithaphone,thelargelyunsuccessfulROKR,JobsletMotorolamakeit.“Whatwelearnedwasthatwewouldn’tbesatisfiedwithglomming*iTunesontoaregularphone,”Jobssays.“Werealizedthroughthatexperiencethatforustobehappy,forustobeproud,weweregoingtohavetodoitall.”glomv.toseize,grab抓住，捉住MenuTranslation[15]Apple’ssuperioritycomplexcaninspireresentment*,whichisonereasonforsomeoftheSiliconValleyschadenfreude*overJobs’currentstock-optionswoes3.AninternalinvestigationhasclearedJobs,butafederalinvestigationandashareholderlawsuitarestillgoingforward.(Jobsdeclinestotalkabouttheoptionsissue.)resentment※n.thefeelingofbeingangryorbitterastheresultofbadtreatment憤恨schadenfreuden.[德]takepleasureinother’smisfortune幸災(zāi)樂禍MenuTakingpleasureinseeingaspecialpersonknockeddowntosizeisagreatAmericanpastime.Butthere’snopointinpretendingthatJobsisn’tspecial.Acollegedropoutwhosebiologicalparentsgavehimupforadoption,Jobshaspresidedoverfourmajorgame-changingproductlaunches:theAppleⅡ,theMacintosh,theiPodandtheiPhone;fiveifyoucountthereleaseofPixar’sToyStory4,whichI’minclinedto.MenuTranslation[16]TheiPhonewouldn’thavehappenedwithoutApple’s“we’respecial”attitude.Onereasonthere’slimitedinnovationincellphonesgenerallyisthatthecellcarriershavestiffguidelinesthatthemanufacturershavetofollow.Carriersdemandthatalltheirhandsetsworkthesameway.Menu“Alotoftimes,tobehonest,there’ssomehubris*,wheretheythinktheyknowbetter,”Jobssays.“Theydictatewhat’sonthephone.Thatjustwouldn’tworkforusbecausewewanttoinnovate.Unlesswecoulddothat,itwasn’tworthdoing.”Jobsdemandedspecialtreatmentfromhisphone-servicepartner,Cingular,andhegotit.Menuhubrisn.afeelingofprideinoneselfoftenresultinginrudenesstoothers過分的驕傲自信HeevenforcedCingulartore-engineeritstechnicalinfrastructure*tohandletheiPhone’suniquevoice-mailscheme.“Theybrokealltheirtypicalprocessrulestomakeithappen,”saysTonyFadell,whoheadsApple’siPoddivision.“Theywereinfectedbythisproduct,andtheywerelike,‘We’vegottadothis!”infrastructuren.thesystemwhichsupportstheoperationofanorganization基礎(chǔ)；基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施TranslationMenu[17]Nowthattheprecedenthasbeenset,itwillbeinterestingtoseeifothercell-phonemakersstartdemandingApple-styletreatmentfromwirelesscarriers.StanleySigman,Cingular’spresidentandCEO,committedhiscompanytotheiPhonetwoyearsagosight-unseen,butheappearsunderstandablyeagertoplaydowntheuniquenessofApple’sdeal.“Ithinktheinterestingaspectofitisourwillingnessandabilitytoworktogether,toallowCingulartobeCingularandAppletobeApple,”hesays.Menu“Wehavegreatrelationshipswithothermanufacturers.Buthe’sclearlybroughtaproducttomarketthat’syearsaheadofanybodyelse.”ItwillalsobeworthwatchingtoseehowsuccessfulcompetitorswillbeinknockingofftheiPhone’sall-screenformfactor,whichwillbetrickywithoutApple’stouch-screentechnology.Applehasfiledforaround200patentsassociatedwiththeiPhone,buildinganimposinglegalwall.TranslationMenu[18]WilltheiPhonesucceed?Well,what’ssuccess?Applewillbreakthe100millionmarkwithiPodsthisyear(italsopassed2billionsongssoldoniTunes).Jobssayshewantstomove10millioniPhonesbytheendofnextyear.Thatnumberiswellincharacterasfarasitsambitiongoes.TheiPhoneisexclusivetoCingularfornow,andCingularhasonly58millioncustomers.JobshopestolaunchinEuropelatethisyearandAsiain2008.TheiPhoneistoobeautifulandtoobrilliantnottobeamoneymaker.MenuTranslation[19]Perhapsit’snotquiterighttocalltheiPhonerevolutionary.Itwon’tcreateanewmarketorchangetheentertainmentindustrythewaytheiPoddid.Whenyougetrightdowntoit,thedevicedoesn’tevenhavethatmanynewfeatures—it’snotlikeJobsinventedvoicemail,ortextmessaging,orconferencecallingormobileWebbrowsing.Hejustnoticedthattheywerebroken,andhefixedthem.MenuTranslation[20]Butthat’sthemostimportant.(slightlyabridgedbytheeditor)MenuTranslationExercise

Ⅰ.Comprehension

Ⅱ.Vocabulary

Ⅲ.Close

Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)

Ⅵ.WritingMenuⅠ.ComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternativeA,B,C,orDundereach.1.HowdidtheiPhonestartitshistory?Itwastheresultofseveralyears’hardresearchwork.ItwasmadeonthebasisofiPod.Itwasonlyastrangecombinationofcircumstances.ItwasanaturaldevelopmentofAppleII.MenuAnswersⅠ.Comprehension2.AniPodis______.aportabledigital-musicplayeratabletcomputeravideotaperecorderavideodisk3.ThenewsofiPhone’sbeingavailableinthemarketis______.unfortunatetothecell-phonemakersgoodnewsforthecell-phoneusersagoodthingtoeverybodyBothAandBMenuAnswersⅠ.Comprehension4.WhatdrawsJobs’attentionmost?A.money B.victoryC.perfectionism D.position5.Applecandothingsmostothercompaniescan’tbecause______ithasgoodpartnersithasgoodengineersitsproductschargeforlessitdoesitsownhardware,softwareandindustrialdesignMenuAnswersⅠ.Comprehension6.WhatdoyouknowaboutSteveJobs?Heisapersonsufferingfromcancer.Heco-foundedApple30yearsago.Oncehewasfired.AlltheaboveMenuAnswersⅠ.Comprehension7.______isthetroubleofJobs?SomeoftheSiliconValleyschadenfreudeThecancersurgeryHisparentsgavehimupforadoptionHiscurrentstock-optionswoesMenuAnswersⅠ.Comprehension8.______istheprecedentApplehasset?ThatthecellcarriersfollowtheguidelinesofthemanufacturersThatthemanufacturersfollowtheguidelinesofthecellcarriersThatbothofthecarriersandthemanufacturersshouldmeetthedemandofthemarketAlltheaboveMenuAnswersⅠ.Comprehension9.Jobshaspromotedover______majorgame-changingproducts.A.4B.5C.manyD.noneMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.1.Hecouldn’tcomeupwithananswerwhenIaskedhimwhyhewaslate.A.copewithB.thinkofC.haveD.handin2.Herefusedthebribe,anactionentirelyincharacter.A.likehischaracter B.outofcharacterC.likehisusualnature D.justlikehimselfMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.3.Hecouldnotliestill,butrampagedupanddownhisbedroom.A.rushedaboutwildlyandangrilyB.walkedC.ran D.went4.Helikestobrowsamongthebooksinthelibrary.A.findsomething B.pickupsomethingC.readhereandthereD.lookforsomethingAnswersMenuⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.5.Thefruitwillsquashifit’sbadlypacked.A.crush B.squeeze C.force D.press6.Machines,attheirbest,arelamecounterfeitsoflivingorganisms.A.good B.better C.badD.awkwardMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.7.Applesmellowaftertheyhavebeenpicked.A.ripeB.gobadC.arepressedD.squash8.Theydictatedtermstothedefeatedenemy.A.gaveB.producedC.statedwiththepowertoenforceD.handedinAnswersMenuⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.9.Heworkedawholenightandsolvedatrickyprobleminmathematics.A.difficulttohandle B.bigC.hard D.interestingMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.10.Theholidaysareover,wemustgetdowntoworkagain.A.gobacktoB.begintogiveseriousattentiontoC.gotoD.payMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.11.Theburglar_____intothehouseandstolesomethingexpensive.A.creptB.gotC.cameD.rampaged12.Everyonefeels_____atbeingtreatedunfairly.A.sadB.angryC.badlyD.resentmentMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.13.Aftertheamputationofhisleftleg,hebecamea_____.A.disabledB.crippleC.patientD.weakman14.Thebatter_____theballintothenextfield.A.hit B.beat C.swiped D.blewAnswersMenuⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.15._____makesthecriminalthinkthatheistooclevertobecaught.A.PrideB.ConceitC.BeliefD.Hubris16.Heseemspurposefullyto_____theimportanceofthedeal.A.lookdown B.ignoreC.overlook D.playdownMenuAnswersⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.17."Thinkbeforeyouspeak"isagood_____.A.sayingB.mottoC.teachingD.sentence18.Hishealthwasaffectedbyhis_____inpublicaffairs.A.workB.attentionC.zealD.hardworkingAnswersMenuⅡ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.19."Tree"and"animal"are_____terms,athingcannotbebothatreeandananimal.A.singleB.differentC.similarD.exclusive20.Onhearingthisstory,heimmediately_____anarticle.A.wrote B.knockedoffC.copied D.jotteddownMenuAnswersⅢ.CloseReadthepassagethroughandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA,B,CorDforeachblankinthepassage.Ihaveaninfatuation(迷戀)___1___autumn.Thecolorsoftheseason,andthesmells,havealwaysthrilledme.Ihavealwaysfound___2___inthistimeofyear.Thelastfewautumnsofmylife,however,Irecollectinshadesofgray___3___cheerfulorangesandyellows.1.A.with B.for C.in D.on2.A.goodfeelingB.joyC.peaceD.comfort3.A.morethanB.aswellasC.ratherthanD.notAnswersMenuⅢ.CloseWhenIbecameasinglemother,everyaspectoflife___4___newmeaning.SinceIwasusedto___5___outmostoftheparentaldutieswithoutmuchhelpduringmymarriage,Itrulydidnot___6___howdifferentparentingwouldeafterthemarriagewas___7___.4.A.tookon B.hadC.changed D.puton5.A.carry B.carryingC.becarriedD.beingcarried6.A.see B.feelC.know D.foresee7.A.done B.overC.out D.endingMenuAnswersButsuddenlyIrealizedIwasastatistic.Thedailyroutinewasnotchangedsomuch;itwastheangle___8___Ihadbeguntolookatlife.Ibelievedmy___9___lawyerwastrackingeverygradethechildrenmade,andIwasundera___10___inthisnewtownwherethechildrenandImovedour"___11___home."8.A.atwhichB.whichC.ofwhichD.withwhich9.A.old-husband’sB.once-husband’sC.past-husband’sD.ex-husband’s10.A.examineB.checkC.microscopeD.mirror11.A.new B.brokenC.single D.partedAnswersMenuIfearedhavingtoeventuallyestablishmyfamilywitheachnewteacherandeachnewtermasasingle-parentfamily.Ijustwantedtobeusagain,withoutthestigma(特征)ofthe___12___thatputonus.12.A.labelB.nameC.nicknameD.titleMenuAnswersDuringthosefewgrayyears,Iwould___13___myselfthatsoonthingswouldbebetter,andthatIwouldsomedaybeabletofeel___14___again.Thereisnomathematicalequationofadultsproportionedtochildrentoequalastable,lovingfamily.Everyfamilyhasitsstrengths.13.A.assureB.sureC.reassureD.believe14.A.wholeB.happyC.satisfiedD.sureAnswersMenuInfact,studiesshowthatinfamilieswhoreadtogether,eattogetherandcommunicateopenly,childrenarelikelytosucceedacademically,aswellassociallyandemotionally.Iamsurethesehabitsare___15___effectivewhenpracticedinsingle-parentfamilies.IrealizenowthatIamnotastatistic.Weareanactive,vitalfamilyinthischarmingcommunity,wherewearenotmarkedbyanystigmaofanystatisticsofanyfocusgroups.15.A.alsoB.justC.justasD.stillMenuAnswersⅣ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Theincreaseininternationalbusinessandinforeigninvestmenthascreatedaneedforexecutiveswithknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandskillsincross-culturalcommunication.Americans,however,havenotbeenwelltrainedineitherareaand,consequently,havenotenjoyedthesamelevelofsuccessinnegotiationinaninternationalarenaashavetheirforeigncounterparts.AnswersMenuⅣ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Clearly,perceptionsanddifferencesinvaluesaffecttheesofnegotiationsandthesuccessofnegotiators.ForAmericanstoplayamoreeffectiveroleininternationalbusinessnegotiations,theymustputforthmoreefforttoimprovecross-culturalunderstanding.MenuAnswersⅤ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)1.喬布斯常說：“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者與追隨者的區(qū)別就在于創(chuàng)新。”2.蘋果公司的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是，明智的公司有時(shí)應(yīng)該忽略市場當(dāng)下的需求。3.經(jīng)驗(yàn)就是不要怕失敗，要從中吸取教訓(xùn)，逐漸成熟起來。4.從1977年的第一臺電腦到如今的iPhone，蘋果公司不斷令人難以置信地領(lǐng)先于時(shí)代，欣欣向榮。MenuAnswersⅤ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)5.蘋果公司員工的座右銘是，像史蒂夫一樣地思考。而喬布斯卻說，擁有初學(xué)者的心態(tài)是了不起的事。6.班克羅夫特家族（Bancroft）中堅(jiān)持反對賣掉道瓊斯（DowJones）的成員打得是榮譽(yù)之戰(zhàn)，然而，這場道德劇的結(jié)局一開始就已經(jīng)確定：默多克(Murdoch)成為《華爾街日報(bào)》的主人。我們都不知道他會怎樣經(jīng)營這家報(bào)紙。但是，我們可以希望，他在生意方面的精明本能會讓他不至于降低這份報(bào)紙的水平。AnswersMenuⅥ.WritingTitle:TheLessonsfromAppleTimelimit:30minutesWordlimit:120～150wordsMenuAnswersⅠ.SupplementaryReadingⅡ.QuestionsSupplementaryReadingMenuSupplementaryReadingPassageOneMenuSupplementaryReadingCrossingWesleyanUniversity'scampususuallyrequireswalkingovercolorfulmessageschalkedontheground.Theycanbeasinnocentasmeetingannouncements,butinagrowingnumberofcasesthelanguageismeanttoshock.It'snotmon,forinstance,toseelewd(淫蕩的)referencestoprofessors'sexualpreferencesscrawledacrossapathorthementionoftheword“Nig”thatAfrican-Americanstudentssaymakethemfeelfortable.MenuSupplementaryReadingInresponse,officialsandstudentsatschoolsarenowdebatingwaystoleadtheircommunitiesawayfromformsofexpressionthatoffendorharass（侵?jǐn)_）.Intheprocess,they'rebuttingupagainstthedifficultiesofregulatingspeechatinstitutionsthatpridethemselvesonfosteringopendebate.MenuSupplementaryReadingMr.BennetofWesleyansayshehadgottenusedtoseeingoccasionalchalkingsfilledwithfour-letterwords.Campustraditionmadeanyhorizontalsurfacenotattachedtoabuildingapotentialbillboard.Butwhenchalkingsbegantakingonamorethreateningandlewdtone,Bennetdecidedtoact."Thisisnotacceptableinaworkplaceandnotacceptableinaninstitutionofhigherlearning,"Bennetsays.MenuSupplementaryReadingFornow,Bennetisseekinginputaboutwhatkindofmessage-postingpolicytheschoolshouldadopt.Thestudentassemblyrecentlypassedaresolutionsayingthe"righttospeechcomeswithimplicitresponsibilitiestorespectcommunitystandards."MenuSupplementaryReadingOtherpublicuniversitieshaveconfrontedproblemsthisyearwhileconsideringvariouswaysofregulatingwherestudentscanexpressthemselves.AtHarvardLawSchool,therecentcontroversywasmorelinkedtotheacademicsetting.Minoritystudentsthereareseekingtocur