2023版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)10年高考真題分類題組十二猜測詞義

專題十二猜測詞義

Passage1（2021北京,C）

Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityin

anopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengage

openlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojected

thewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario（情景）thiscentury,,.

Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,and

freshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-human

species,collapseiswellunderway.

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermanein

thismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworldsmost

technologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethat

aviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrously

lackinginflexibility.

Theinternationalscholarswarningletterdoesntsayexactlywhatcollapse

willlooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,is

moreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeveryday

civilization.Amongthesignatories（簽署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,the

originatorofthe^ecologicalfootprint,,concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamount

ofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrent

footprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsome

form,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,“Johnsonsaidin

anemail.

Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysical1imits,theDecember

warninglettersays,canwehavethehopetoreducetheir“speed,severityandharm,,.

Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwant

tohopethingswillturnoutfine,?sapoetwrote,

Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）

Intheincurableformofhope.

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Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（執(zhí)著）onquieting

hopethatignorespreparedness.uLetslookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,“

theysay,“anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomake

thebestofatroublingfuture.”

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane“inParagraph3probablymean?

Λ.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.

2.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris.

A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

Λ.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.

B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.

C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.

D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.

答案

語篇解讀

本文為說明文,主題語境是人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容是人類生存、社會(huì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關(guān)系O

文章通過介紹科學(xué)家、作家和科研人員聯(lián)名簽署公開信一事向人類發(fā)出了警告:政策制定者

和我們其他人必須公開面對全球崩潰的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

1.D解題指導(dǎo)詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞匯出現(xiàn)的位置將答案區(qū)域鎖定在第三段第一句中。

解析本題題干意為:第三段中畫線的單詞“germane”可能是什么意思?根據(jù)畫線單詞所在

句子“Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermanein

thismomentOf...”可知，即使在世界上技術(shù)最發(fā)達(dá)的國家,大流行病和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)仍未得到

控制,在這種情況下,呼吁公眾參與到這些以前無法想象會(huì)發(fā)生的事情中去是尤為重要的。故

選擇relevant“有重大關(guān)系的，相關(guān)的”。

2.A解題指導(dǎo)推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的"thepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse”

可將答案區(qū)域鎖定在第五段。

解析本題題干意為:關(guān)于公眾對全球崩潰的意識,作者是。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句可知,

公眾對于目前發(fā)生的各種危機(jī)只是被動(dòng)地希望糟糕的情況會(huì)自己慢慢好起來,就像詩中所說

的,人類像是被毒品麻醉一樣,空抱希望而不做任何處理危機(jī)的準(zhǔn)備?？赏浦髡邔τ诠妼?/p>

全球崩潰的意識是擔(dān)憂的。

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3.B解題指導(dǎo)推理判斷題。本題要從全文入手尋找具體信息來推斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的正誤。

解析本題題干意為:我們能從這篇文章中了解到什么?A選項(xiàng)根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“thebiophysical

IimitS”可鎖定在第五段第一句,可知簽署者僅僅是希望公眾關(guān)注生物物理極限帶來的后果，

并早做準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對,并沒有提到要改變生物物理極限,故為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“poem”

可知，公眾只是默默地希望危機(jī)過去而不做準(zhǔn)備,而文章想通過公開信警示人們面對全球崩

潰的問題，故可知作者同意詩中的信息,故為正確選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)意為:崩潰的問題正在被優(yōu)先

考慮。明顯與文章主旨不符,文章正是想通過公開信呼吁公眾考慮崩潰問題。故為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

D選項(xiàng)意為:全球崩潰已經(jīng)開始了。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“wellunderway"鎖定在第二段最后一句“if

youareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway,,如果你是非人類的話,那么

崩潰實(shí)際上已經(jīng)開始了。故為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。

解題思路推理判斷題要求讀者在正確理解作者所述客觀事實(shí)、正確理解作者的主觀態(tài)度和

觀點(diǎn)以及寫作意圖的基礎(chǔ)上,推測作者在文章中未提到的事實(shí)或者事情的起因、結(jié)果或可能

性等。推理判斷題中的干擾項(xiàng)有:1）有悖常理干擾;2）偏離主題干擾;3）錯(cuò)誤依據(jù)干擾;4）錯(cuò)誤

邏輯干擾。

難句分析

原句：NOtverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnations

andthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.

分析:that引導(dǎo)主語從句,and連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)。

譯文:就在不久前,人們還無法想象一種病毒會(huì)讓一些國家關(guān)閉,安全網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)被證明是如此災(zāi)

難性地缺乏靈活性。

Passage2（2021天津春,B）

Aboutfiveweeksago,Inoticedtheskinofourpetlizard（蜥蜴）wasgrowing

dusty.Itworriedme.Ireportedthestrangesurfaceontheskinofthelizardtomy

husbandandchildrenthenextmorning.Secondslater,ourlizardemergedfromits

tankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.

Ididn,tthinkaboutitmuchuntilamorninglastweekwhenIknockedmyfavorite

teapotoffthetable.Itburstintohundredsofpieces.AsIsweptupthemess,I

wonderedwhyWehadbeenbreakingsomanythingsoverthemonths.

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Thedestructionstartedthreemonthsago.Itwasmyhusband,sbirthday.Hehad

justlosthisjob.Theuncertaintywasstartingtowearusout,soIwantedtodo

somethingspecial.

“Let'smakeacakeforDad!,,Icried.

Mykidsscreamedwithjoy.Webaked,icedandsprinkledformostofthe

day.Candlesonthecake!Balloonsonthewalls!Flowersonthetable!

Twohoursbeforemyhusbandcamebackhomefromanotherjobinterview,my

daughterclimbeduptograbaglassvasefromahighshelf.Itfellandcrashedbeside

thecake.Tinypiecesofglasswereeverywhere.ShesobbedloudlyasIthrewthecake

away.Myhusbandhadbananapuddingforhisbirthday.

Threedaysago,thelightinourlivingroomsuddenlywentout.Afterseveral

frustratinghoursofunsuccessfulattemptstofixit,myhusbandsuggestedwatching

theMichaelJordandocumentary移己錄片'）seriesTheLastDance.

Thepoignancy（辛酸）ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplay

baseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.As

?watchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,

IsawhimIeavingbehindtheIayerthatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizard

had.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolive

withwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwe

havetolearntoleavethepastbehind.

Ilumansdonotshedskin（蛻皮）aseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchange

isupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeour

lizard,rawandnearlynew.

Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,

hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizardfromParagraph1?

A.Itstankgrewdirty.B.Itsoldskincameoff.

C.Itgotaskindisease.D.Itwentmissing.

2.Whydidtheauthor,shusbandhavebananapuddingforhisbirthday?

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?.Thebirthdaycakewasruined.

B.Theauthormadegoodpuddings.

C.Puddingwashisfavoritedessert.

D.Theycould∏,taffordabirthdaycake.

3.WhydoestheauthormentionTheLastDanceinthepassage?

A.Toproveatheory.

B.Todefineaconcept.

C.Todevelopthetheme.

D.Toprovidethebackground.

4.Theunderlinedpart“l(fā)eavingbehindthelayer“inParagraph8canbeunderstood

as.

A.lettinggoofthepast

B.lookingforanewjob

C.gettingridofabadhabit

D.givingupanopportunity

5.Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?

Λ.Loveoffamilyhelpsussurvivegreathardships.

B.It,snottheendoftheworldifwebreakthings.

C.Weshouldmoveonnomatterwhathappens.

D.Pastexperiencesshouldbetreasured.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇記敘文。主題語境是人與自我,主題語境內(nèi)容為積極的生活態(tài)度。

本文講述了作者的丈夫失業(yè)后,作者及其家人經(jīng)歷了一系列的不順,直到作者通過觀察蜥蜴

的蛻皮以及觀看MiChaelJordan的紀(jì)錄片《最后的舞動(dòng)》獲得了啟示:不管發(fā)生什么事,我

們都要繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。

1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句SeCOndSlater,OUrliZardemergedfrOmitStank

withitsoldskinflowingbehindit.（幾秒鐘后,我們的蜥蜴從箱里出來,舊皮在后面飄

動(dòng)。）可知蜥蜴在經(jīng)歷蛻皮過程。故選B。

2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的mydaughterclimbeduptograbaglassvase...She

sobbedloudlyasIthrewthecakeaway.可知丈夫吃香蕉布丁的原因是生日蛋糕被毀了。

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3.C推理判斷題。作者在文中提到TheLast的〃Ce是為了引出下文的感悟，故選C。

4.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第八段最后一句話Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethe

pastbehind.（我意識到我們必須學(xué)會(huì)把過去拋在腦后。）可知選A。

5.C推理判斷題。這篇文章從開頭提到蜥蜴蛻皮到觀看喬丹的紀(jì)錄片都是為了引出主

題：learntoleavethepastbehind?故選C（不管發(fā)生什么，我們都應(yīng)該往前走）。

Passage3（2021浙江1月，C）

Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwild

chimpanzees（黑猩猩）usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specific

messagestooneanotherwitha“vocabulary”of66gestures.Thescientists

discoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexamining

morethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.

DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyform

ofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansand

chimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysenta

messagetoanothergroupmember.

“That'swhat,Ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,“shesaid."They'retheonly

thingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.”

Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstand

complexinformationfromanotheranimaΓscall,theanimalsdonotappeartouse

theirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificant

differencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.

Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhich

theywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,

signalling:uClimbonme”.Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother,sback

andtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereis

anotherspecies（物種）outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat,s

notuniquetohumans,“saidDrHobaiter.

DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,

saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolution

ofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere“alittledisappointing”.

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“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshave

littletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontained

intheirgesturesandactions,“shesaid,uMoreover,themeaningsseemtonotgo

beyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulf

remains.”

1.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrIIobaiter?

A.Memorizingspecificwords.

B.Understandingcomplexinformation.

C.Usingvoicestocommunicate.

D.Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.

2.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?

A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.

B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.

C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.

D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Difference.B.Conflict.

C.Balance.D.Connection.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Chimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthrough

B.Chimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskills

C.Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdom

D.Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslated

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文。主題語境是人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容為人與動(dòng)物。本文介

紹了科學(xué)家們通過跟蹤和拍攝烏干達(dá)的黑猩猩群,發(fā)現(xiàn)了它們用手勢交流,翻譯出了它們用

來交流的手勢的含義。

1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句OnlyhUnlanSandChimps,shesaid,hadasystem

ofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.（她

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說,只有人類和黑猩猩有一個(gè)交流系統(tǒng),他們故意向另一個(gè)小組成員發(fā)送信息。）可知選D（有

目的地交流信息）。

2.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的thestudywaspraiseworthy以及theresultswere"a

littledisappointing”可知選B（這是一個(gè)很好的嘗試,但研究結(jié)果有限）。

3.Λ詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞前一句可知，黑猩猩的這些手勢的含義不一定適用于其他動(dòng)

物,存在不同之處。故選A。

4.D主旨要義題。文章第一句已經(jīng)點(diǎn)明文章主題：ReSearCherSsaytheyhavetranslated

themeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzeesusetocommunicate.（研究人員表示，

他們已經(jīng)翻譯出了野生黑猩猩用來交流的手勢的含義。）。故選D。

難句分析原句：Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimps

havelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontained

intheirgesturesandactions.

分析:本句中suggests后為賓語從句,從句中還存在either...or...引導(dǎo)的并列句。

譯文:手勢含義的模糊性表明，要么黑猩猩很少交流,要么我們?nèi)匀蝗鄙偎鼈兪謩莺蛣?dòng)作

中包含的大量信息。

Passage4（2017江蘇，D）

OldProblem,NewApproaches

Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwill

continueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions（排放）peak.Soevenifemissionswere

tobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimate

change.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimate

adaptation.

Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechange

isaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,but

toaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUS

NationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:"Thereisno'one-sizefitsall'adaptation.

Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.

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Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsome

poorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.

MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profit

organizationrunsIOOriverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,and

healthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicating

facilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(??)toreplacefloodedroads

andhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshow

peoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthe

wetseason.

ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphel

livesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Theloss

ofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreatto

agriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhen

itcandamagecrops.Norphelsinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwaterover

winter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasins

whereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectly

timedirrigation(灌溉)water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphel

calculatesthathehasstoredabout200,OOOrn'ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuing

process,soNorphelsicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertake

them.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,be

abletofindothermeansofadapting.

IncreasingEarthsreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthe

suddenincreaseofgreenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthe

warmingtrendlocally,andactualIycooledtheregion.WhiIeSpainasawholeis

heatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexample

shouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,cities

mayslowdownthewarmingprocess.

InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallen

victimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthe

hopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcome

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isstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitslist

of“100ideastosavetheplanetv.

Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.Afriendofmine

ownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeen

toowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhim

toplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglike

this-eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.This

iscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepolluting

industriesarguethatwevelostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhave

nochoicebuttoadapt,itsanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessas

usual.

Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinary

andastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadapt

ourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthat

way,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.

1.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies.

A.adaptationisanever-changingprocess

B.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtime

C.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationforms

D.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging

2.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwansproject?

?.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.

B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.

C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.

D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.

3.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?

A.Storingiceforfutureuse.

B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.

C.Changingtheirrigationtime.

D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.

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4.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?

A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.

B.Theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped.

C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.

D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould.

A.adapttocarbonpollution

B.planthighlyprofitablecrops

C.leavecarbonemissionalone

D.fightagainstcarbonpollution

6.WhatstheauthorSpreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?

A.Settingupanewstandard.

B.Reducingcarbonemission.

C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.

D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文為議論文,題材為環(huán)境問題類。話題為“老問題,新方法”一一適應(yīng)我們所

面臨的嚴(yán)峻的氣候環(huán)境,而且要意識到環(huán)境的改變和適應(yīng)環(huán)境是一個(gè)過程。

1.A猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第二段主題句Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportantto

understandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.可知?dú)夂虻母淖兪且粋€(gè)不斷變化的過程。

再結(jié)合后面幾段給出的事例可知,適應(yīng)也是一個(gè)不斷變化的過程，由此可推斷出畫線部分意

為adaptationisanever-changingPrOCeSS,故答案為A項(xiàng)。

2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssaw

onlydisaster.及后面的描述可知他的非營利組織在充分利用糟糕的環(huán)境,故正確答案為C

項(xiàng)。本題干擾項(xiàng)為D項(xiàng)，由第三段第五句ReZWaniscreatingfloatingconnectivityto

replacefloodedroadsandhighways.可矢口D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第六句Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasins

whereitfroze,andwasstoreduntiltheSPring.可知A項(xiàng)正確。

4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段首句InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwitha

glacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingthe

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entiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestore

thelife-givingice.可推斷出答案為Do

5.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatweve

lostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,its

anonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasUSUaL可推知D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句BUtthemostsensibleformofadaptationis

surelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonPolIUtiOn.可矢口最明智的適

應(yīng)應(yīng)該是改變我們的能量體系以減少碳排放污染,故B項(xiàng)正確。

Passage5（2017江蘇,B）

Red-backedfairyWrenS（鵝鸚），whichliveinnorthernandeasternAustralia,lay

threeorfoureggsatatime.

Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.

Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother,svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.But

WhenitcomestoembryonicIearning（胎教），birdscouldruletheroost.Asrecently

reportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoung

tosingevenbeforetheyhatch（孵化）.New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom,s

callwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.

Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,a

biologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.Female

Australiansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragain

whilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilar

chirptotheirmothers-asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!,,call.

Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearchers

soughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firstthey

collectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafter

hatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberof

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notes,?computeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,

rankingthembysimilarity.

Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheir

moms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilar

werethebabies,beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperiment

thatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom,svoicewere

rewardedwiththemostfood.

Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignal

neurological（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的）strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionary

inferencecanthenbedrawn."Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,or

doyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?”Kleindorferasks."Ourresultssuggest

thattheymightbegoingforquality.”

1.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means"”.

A.betheworstB.bethebest

C.bejustasbadD.bejustasgood

2.WhatareKleindorfer,sfindingsbasedon?

A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.

B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.

C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland,slocals.

D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.

3.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich.

?.canreceivequalitysignals

B.areinneedoftraining

C.fittheenvironmentbetter

D.maketheloudestcall

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇科普類說明文。我們都知道母親在懷孕期間對小寶寶進(jìn)行胎教,但

是你知道鳥類也會(huì)給自己還未孵化出的小寶寶進(jìn)行胎教嗎?請看澳大利亞生物學(xué)家的研究成

果吧。

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1.B猜測詞義題。根據(jù)畫線部分后面的描述:一些鳥類在小鳥孵化出來前就開始教它們唱歌

了，小鳥孵化出來后幾天就能模仿自己母親的叫聲。由此推斷出小鳥在這方面做得最棒,所以

答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的最后一句話可知,他們把雛鳥的叫聲和母親的叫聲進(jìn)行對

比,根據(jù)相似度進(jìn)行排名，由此可知他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)是以母親和雛鳥叫聲的相似度為依據(jù)的,所以

答案為A項(xiàng)。

3.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知答案為C項(xiàng)。

高考熱詞distinguish區(qū)分；辨別；分清imitate%.模仿widespreadadj.分布廣

的；普遍的;廣泛的identify%確認(rèn);認(rèn)出；鑒定

長難句

原句：lnaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthe

babybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom,svoicewererewardedwiththemost

food.

分析:本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句部分是theteamsetupaseparateexperiment,第一

個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞experiment;第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；第三個(gè)that引

導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞thebabybirdso

譯文:此外,這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)還設(shè)置了一個(gè)獨(dú)立的實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明那些模仿母親叫聲最像的雛鳥

會(huì)被獎(jiǎng)賞最多的食物。

Passage6（2016課標(biāo)全國I,C）

IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,Γvedone89

trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemCelIS（干名田胞）

inmylittleboxbecauseI,vegottwoicepacksandthat,showlongtheylast.In

all,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐獻(xiàn)者）tothetimethey

canbeimplantedinthepatient,we,vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconscious

oftime.

IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.Ipicked

upthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashington

thenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,thelady

onthedesksaid:'4Well,Γmreallysorry,I,vegotsomebadnewsforyou—there

arenoflightsfromWashington."SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:

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“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,

please,you,vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom."Shejustdroppedeverything.

Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed(改道)me

throughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.

Forthiscourierjob,you,reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou,vegot

somethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody,slife.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier“inParagraph1?

A.providerB.deliveryman

C.collectorD.medicaldoctor

2.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?

A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.

B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.

C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.

D.Theicewon,tlastanylonger.

3.Whichflightdidthe