全國(guó)版高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)第三部分高考題型題型一閱讀理解1備考試題含解析

第三部分高考題型突破

題型一閱讀理解

專題一細(xì)節(jié)理解題

習(xí)思用?過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)

Passage1[2020全國(guó)皿,A]

語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型主題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間

應(yīng)用文文化之旅228★4分鐘

JourneyBackinTimewithScholars

ClassicalProvence(13days)

JourneythroughthebeautifulcountrysideofProvence,France,withProf.Ori

Z.Soltes.Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.

OurtouralsoincludesachancetowalkinthefootstepsofVanGoghandGauguin.

Fieldsofflowers,tile^^roofed(瓦屋頂)villagesandtastymealsenrichthiswonderful

experience.

SouthernSpain(15days)

SpainhaslovelywhitetownsandtheSCent(芳香)oforanges,butitisalsoa

treasuryofancientremainsincludingthecitiesleftbytheGreeks,RomansandArabs.

AswetravelsouthfromMadridwithProf.RonaldMessiertohistoricToledo,Roman

MeridaandintoAndalucia,weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.

China,sSacredLandscapes(21days)

DiscovertheChinaofzzpastages,〃itswalledcities,templesandmountainscenery

withProf.RobertThorp.HighIightS(精彩之處)includeChina,smostsacredpeaksat

MountTaiandHangzhou,srollinghills,waterwaysandpeacefultemples.Wewill

wanderintraditionalsmalltownsandendourtourwithanexceptionalmuseumin

Shanghai.

Tunisia(17days)

JoinProf.PedarFossonourin-depthTunisiantour.Tourhighlightsincludethe

RomancityofDougga,theundergroundNumidiancapitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitla

andtheremoteareasaroundTataouineandMatmata,uniqueforundergroundcities.

OurjourneytakesustopicturesqueBerbervillagesandlovelybeaches.

21.WhatcanvisitorsseeinbothClassicalProvenceandSouthernSpain?

?.Historicalmonuments.

B.Fieldsofflowers.

C.VanGogh,Spaintings.

D.Greekbuildings.

22.WhichcountryisProf.Thorpmostknowledgeableabout?

A.France.B.Spain.

C.China.D.Tunisia.

23.WhichofthefollowinghighlightstheTunisiantour?

A.Whitetowns.B.Undergroundcities.

C.Tile-roofedvillages.D.Rollinghills.

Passage2[2020浙江,A]

語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型主題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間

說(shuō)明文圖書(shū)推介261★★6分鐘

Iamanactiveplaygoerandplay-reader,andperhapsmybestreasonforediting

thisbookisahopeofsharingmyenthusiasmforthetheaterwithothers.Todothis

IhavesearchedthroughdozensofplaystofindtheonesthatIthinkbestshowthe

powerandpurposeoftheshortplay.

Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywright（居6作家）hopestoget

acrossthroughdialogueandaction.Afewcharactersareusedtocreateasingle

impressiongrowingoutofthetheme.Itisnotmyintentiontopointoutthecentral

themeofeachoftheplaysinthiscollection,forthatwould,indeed,ruinthepleasure

ofreading,discussing,andthinkingabouttheplaysandtheeffectivenessofthe

playwright.However,avarietyoftypesisrepresentedhere.Theseincludecomedy,

satire,poignantdrama,historicalandregionaldrama.Toshowtheversatility（多

面性）oftheshortplay,Ihaveincludedaguidanceplay,aradioplayandatelevision

play.

Amongthewritersoftheplaysinthiscollection,PaulGreen,SusanGlaspell,

MaxwellAnderson,ThorntonWilder,WilliamSaroyan,andTennesseeWilliamshaveall

receivedPulitzerPrizesfortheircontributionstothetheater.Moreinformation

abouttheplaywrightswillbefoundattheendofthisbook.

Togetthemostoutofreadingtheseplays,trytopicturetheplayonstage,

withyou,thereader,intheaudience.Thehouselightsdim（變暗）.Thecurtainsare

abouttoopen,andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltellyouthestory.

21.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Hehaswrittendozensofplays.

B.Hehasadeeploveforthetheater.

C.Heisaprofessionalstageactor.

D.Ilelikesreadingshortplaystoothers.

22.Whatdoestheauthoravoiddoinginhiswork?

A.Statingtheplays,centralideas.

B.Selectingworksbyfamousplaywrights.

C.Includingvarioustypesofplays.

D.Offeringinformationontheplaywrights.

23.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowhilereadingtheplays?

A.Controltheirfeelings.

B.Applytheiractingskills.

C.Usetheirimagination.

D.Keeptheiraudienceinmind.

24.Whatisthistext?

?.?shortstory.

B.Anintroductiontoabook.

C.Aplayreview.

D.Anadvertisementforatheater.

Passage3[2019全國(guó)111,A]

語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型主題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間

應(yīng)用文戲劇預(yù)告201★4分鐘

OPENINGSANDPREVIEWS

AnimalsOutofPaper

Yolo!ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph,inwhich

anOrigaIni(折紙術(shù))artistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.

MerriMilwedirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.12.(WestParkPresbyterianChurch,165

W.86thSt.212-868-4444.)

TheAudience

HelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan,aboutQueenElizabethIIofthe

UKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.

StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.Previewsbegin

Feb.14.(Schoenfeld,236W.45thSt.212-239-6200.)

Hamilton

Lin-ManuelMirandawrotethismusicalaboutAlexanderHamilton,inwhichthebirth

ofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.ThomasKaildirects.Inpreviews.Opens

Feb.17.(Public,425LafayetteSt.212-967-7555.)

OntheTwentiethCentury

KristinChenowethandPeterGallagherstarinthemusicalcomedybyBettyComden

andAdolphGreen,aboutaBroadwayproducerwhotriestowinamoviestar,slove

duringacross-countrytrainjourney.ScottEllisdirects,forRoundaboutTheatre

Company.PreviewsbeginFeb.12.(AmericanAirlinesTheatre,227W.42nd

St.212-719-1300.)

21.WhatistheplaybyRajivJosephprobablyabout?

A.Atypeofart.B.Ateenager,sstudio.

C.Agreatteacher.D.Agroupofanimals.

22.WhoisthedirectorofTheAUdienC戌

A.HelenMirren.B.PeterMorgan.

C.DylanBaker.D.StephenDaldry.

23.WhichplaywillyougotoifyouareinterestedinAmericanhistory?

A.AnimalsOutofPaper.B.TheAudience.

C.Hamilton.D.OntheTwentiethCentury,

Passage4[2019北京，A]

語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型主題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間

應(yīng)用文志愿者招募公告295★★6分鐘

Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhiIeatthe

sametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA).Whatever

stageoflifeyou,reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you,11

createpositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity(?kl×).

Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersare

aged17_24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25_75.Theyareextremelyimportant

inthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasproject

managers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.

Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity,s

accesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmight

alsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.

Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you,11also

learnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeet

newpeoplewho,11becomeyourlifelongfriends.

Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:

Schedule

Country

4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammes

Algeria5Jul.-1Aug.20Jun.-7Aug.

Egypt24Jul.-20Aug.19Jun.-6Aug.

Kenya20Jul.-16Aug.18Jun.-5Aug.

SouthAfrica2Aug.-29Aug.15Jun.-2Aug.

GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartners

whereourhelpisneeded.Al1ourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoor

andremotecommunities.

ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanager

todevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.

FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:

Website:WzW牝gIodeve.org

Emai1:humanresources@glodeve.org

31.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?

A.Toseeklocalpartners.

B.Totakeinyoungvolunteers.

C.Tocarryoutprogrammes.

D.Tofosterculturalawareness.

32.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein.

A.EgyptB.Algeria

C.KenyaD.SouthAfrica

33.ThesharedgoalofGDA,sprojectsisto.

A.explorenewculturesB.protecttheenvironment

C.gaincorporatebenefitsD.helpcommunitiesinneed

Passage5[2018全國(guó)∏,A]

語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型主題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間

應(yīng)用文暑期活動(dòng)286★4分鐘

SummerActivities

Studentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents/carers,andselecttwoactivities

theywouldliketodo.Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthemtoindicate

theirchoicesandreturntoschool.Beforechoicesarefinalised,parents/carerswill

beaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchild,schoices.

Member

ActivityDescriptionCost

ofstaff

OutdoorTakeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzoneforaweek,discovernew

Mr.

Adventurepersonalqualities,andlearnnewskills.Youwillbeableto￡140

Clemens

(OUT)takepartinanumberofactivitiesfromcanoeingtowildcamping

onDartmoor.Learnrockclimbingandworkasateam,andenjoy

thegreatoutdoorenvironment.

OnMondaywetraveltoLondon.AfterstayingovernightinLondon,

wetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarI

WWI

battlefields.OnDay3wecrossintoBelgium.Thursdayseesus

BattlefieldsMrs.

maketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneyland￡425

andParisWilson

Parispark,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthe

(WBP)

fireworks.Ourfinalday,Friday,seesusvisitcentralParis

andtourthemainsights.

Fourdaysofproductdesigncentredaroundtextiles.Making

CraftyFoxeslovelyobjectsusingrecycledandmadematerials.Bags,cushionsMrs.

￡30

(CRF)anddecorations...LearnskillsandleavewithmodernandunusualGoode

textiles.

VisitWarnerBrosStudio,shopstoptobuypicnic,stayovernight

PottyaboutinanapprovedYouthHostelinStreat1ey-o∏-Thames,guidedtour

Miss

PotterofOxfordtoseethefilmlocations,picniclunchoutside￡150

Drake

(POT)Oxford,sChristchurch,boatingontheRiverCherwellthrough

theUniversityParks,beforeheadingbacktoExeter.

21.Whichactivitywillyouchooseifyouwanttogocamping?

A.OUT.B.WBP.C.CRF.D.POT.

22.WhatwillthestudentsdoonTuesdaywithMrs.Wilson?

?.TraveltoLondon.B.Seeaparadeandfireworks.

C.TourcentralParis.D.VisittheWWIbattlefields.

23.HowlongdoesPottyaboutPotterlast?

A.Twodays.B.Fourdays.

C.Fivedays.D.Oneweek.

Passage6[2017甲卷(全國(guó)∏),A]

語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型主題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間

應(yīng)用文劇院演出290★4分鐘

Inthecomingmonths,wearebringingtogetherartistsfromallovertheglobe,

toenjoyspeakingShakespeare,splaysintheirownlanguage,inourGlobe,within

thearchitectureShakespearewrotefor.Pleasecomeandjoinus.

NationalTheatreofChinaBeijing∣Chinese

Thisgreatoccasion(?8?)willbetheNationalTheatreofChina,sfirstvisit

totheUK.Thecompany,sproductionsshowthenewfaceof21stcenturyChinesetheatre.

ThisproductionofShakespeare,sRichardIIIwillbedirectedbytheNational,s

AssociateDirector,WangXiaoying.

Date&Time:Saturday28April,2.30pm&Sunday29April,1.30pm&6.30pm

MarjanishviliTheatreTbilisiIGeorgian

OneofthemostfamoustheatresinGeorgia,theMarjanishvili,foundedin1928,

appearsregularlyattheatrefestivalsallovertheworld.Thisnewproductionof

AsYouLikeItishelmed(指導(dǎo))bythecompany,sArtisticDirectorLevanTsuladze.

Date&Time:Friday18May,2.30pm&Saturday19May,7.30pm

DeafinitelyTheatreLondon∣BritishSignLanguage(BSL)

BytranslatingtherichandhumoroustextofLove,sLabour,sLostintothe

physicallanguageofBSL,DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationof

Shakespeare,scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsby

performingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.

Date&Time:Tuesday22May,2.30pm&Wednesday23May,7.30pm

HabimaNationalTheatreTel?viv∣Hebrew

TheHabimaisthecentreofHebrew-Ianguagetheatreworldwide.FoundedinMoscow

afterthe1905revolution,thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate

1920s.Since1958,theyhavebeenrecognisedasthenationaltheatreofIsrael.This

productionofShakespeare,sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittothe

UK.

Date&Time:Monday28May,7.30pm&Tuesday29May,7.30pm

21.WhichplaywillbeperformedbytheNationalTheatreofChina?

A.RichardIII.B.Love,sLabour,SLost.

C.AsYouLikeIt.D.TheMerchantofVenice.

22.WhatisspecialaboutDeafinitelyTheatre?

A.Ithastwogroupsofactors.

B.ItistheleadingtheatreinLondon.

C.ItperformsplaysinBSL.

D.Itisgoodatproducingcomedies.

23.WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew?

A.OnSaturday28April.B.OnSunday29April.

C.OnTuesday22May.D.OnTuesday29May.

專題二主旨大意題

習(xí)思用?過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)

Passage1[2020全國(guó)I,D]

語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型主題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間

說(shuō)明文發(fā)光植物318★★★8分鐘

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientific

research.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,

Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.In

another,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaceswere

decoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenit

astepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemto

performdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprinted

ontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey,reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetect

harmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplants

toreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,“explainedMichaelStrano,

aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusing

somecommonvegetables.Strano,steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightfor

three-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoread

by,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolightthe

roomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcan

besprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant,s

lifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wherethe

glowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Since

lightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowerSoUrCe（電源）-suchasthedistance

fromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislost

duringtransmission（傳輸）.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandtherefore

helpsaveenergy.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?

?.Todetectplants,lackofwater.

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

34.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

Passage2[2020全國(guó)Π,B]

語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型主題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間

說(shuō)明文智力游戲?qū)和挠绊?44★★6分鐘

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,

butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildren

attheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2

and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificant

predictorofCOgnitiOn（認(rèn)知）aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents,income,

educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduring

everydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and

46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

,zThechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,

ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate（旋轉(zhuǎn)）andtranslateshapes,zzLevine

saidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,

andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.

Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,and

bothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boys

tendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovided

morespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsof

girls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.

B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.

D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

A.Parents,age.B.ChiIdren,simagination.

C.Parents,education.D.Child-parentrelationship.

26.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.

D.Theyare1ikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.?mathematicalmethod.B.?scientificstudy.

C.Awomanpsychologist.D.Ateachingprogram.

Passage3[2019江蘇，B]

語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型主題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間

說(shuō)明文黃石國(guó)家公園的火山336★★6分鐘

Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,

BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyone

before:hecouldn,tfindthepark,svolcano.Ithadbeenknownforalongtimethat

Yellowstonewasvolcanicinnature-that,swhataccountedforallitshotsprings

andothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn,tfindtheYellowstonevolcano

anywhere.

Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassicCone（圓錐體）shapes

ofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma（巖漿）pilesup.These

canformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmoke

risingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofacone

fivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundred

feetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.Altogethertherearesometenthousand

ofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,

asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn,tinvolvemountainbuilding.These

arevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehind

avasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,but

Christiansencouldn,tfindthecalderaanywhere.

JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytaking

photographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiesto

theparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-UPforone

ofthevisitors,centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhy

hehadfailedtospotthecaldera:almostthewholepark-2.2millionacres-was

caldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross一muchtoohuge

tobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemust

haveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.

58.WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?

A.Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.

B.Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.

C.Themysterioushistoryofthepark.

D.Theexactlocationofthevolcano.

59.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Theshapesofvolcanoes.

B.Theimpactsofvolcanoes.

C.Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.

D.Theheightsofvolcanoes.

60.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"blow-up“inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?

Λ.Hot-airballoon.B.Digitalcamera.

C.Bigphotograph.D.Bird,sview.

Passage4[2018全國(guó)Π,D]

語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型主題詞數(shù)難度建議時(shí)間

說(shuō)明文閑聊的作用309★★★7分鐘

We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surrounded

bypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,struggling

withtheuncomfortablesilence.

What,stheproblem?It,spossiblethat,weallhavecompromisedconversational

intelligence.It,smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit,s

awkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit,sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenext

timeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.

Expertssayit,saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.

Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan,tforgetthatdeep

relationshipswouldn,tevenexistifitweren,tforcasualconversation.Smalltalk

isthegrease（潤(rùn)滑劑）forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directorof

theShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.,,Almosteverygreat

lovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,heexplains.,,Thekey

tosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicate

withthem.”

Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invited

peopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutan

interaction（5??）withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresults

showedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositive

feelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.〃It'snotthattalkingtothewaiter

isbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,,,saysDunn."Butinteractionswith

PeriPhera1（邊緣的）membersofoursocialnetworkm