2023外研版新教材高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第三冊(cè)同步練習(xí)-Unit 5　Learning from nature

Unit5Learningfromnature

五年高考練

I.閱讀理解

主題語(yǔ)境：鸚鵡識(shí)別形狀實(shí)驗(yàn)語(yǔ)篇類型：說(shuō)明文建議用時(shí)73

（2022全國(guó)甲,B,*9

Goffin,scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohave

similarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthe

wild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,

cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”

inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped"keys"tochoosefrom.

Insertingthecorrect"key”wouldletoutthenut.

Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwill

beanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlessSymmetriCaI（對(duì)稱的）shapes.This

abilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitis

calledan??allocentricframeofreference,,?Intheexperiment,Goffin,scockatooswereabletoselect

therighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,

thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin,scockatoosdo

indeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-

oldbabies.

Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrely

entirelyonvisualCIUeS（線索）,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.

詞匯積累

1.geometricshape幾何形狀

2.insertv.插入,嵌入

3.allocentricad"非自我中心的;異中心型的

4.frameofreference參照系

5.follow-upadj.進(jìn)一步的

l.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?

A.Byfollowinginstructions.

B.Byusingatool.

C.Byturningtheboxaround.

D.Byremovingthelid.

2.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?

A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.

B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.

C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.

D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.

3.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?

A.Howfartheyareabletosee.

B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.

C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.

D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.

4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers

B-CockatoosiIndependentLearners

C-CockatoosiCleverSignal-Readers

D.CockatoosrSkilfulShape-Sorters

∏.完形填空

主題語(yǔ)境：環(huán)境保護(hù)語(yǔ)篇類型：記敘文建議用時(shí)：7?

（2020全國(guó)新高考1,*）

MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehis

second].Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof2therefromaveryyoungage.

Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething3happeningaroundhishome.Aflood

hadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe4itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.5,

thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He6thatitwasbecausethereweren,tenoughtrees

toprotectthemfromthe7.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek

8_duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe9departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwould

growthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand10anearbyislandwherehebeganto

planttrees.

11youngplantsinthedryseasonwas12foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe13of

eachsapling（幼樹(shù)）abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto14

rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip（滴落）ontheplantsbelow.

Molai15toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresof

naturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.

詞匯積累

!.valuen.價(jià)值v.重視;珍視2.driveaway趕走3.declinev.下降4.platformn.臺(tái),站臺(tái),平臺(tái)

l.A.dreamBjob

C.homeD.choice

2.A.natureB.youth

C.cultureD.knowledge

3.A.preciousBJnteresting

C.disturbingD.awkward

4.A.wasteBlension

C.painD.damage

5.A.BesidesB.However

C.ThereforeD.Otherwise

6.A.agreedB.realized

C.rememberedD.predicted

7.A.noiseB.heat

C.diseaseD.dust

8.A.directionsB.partners

C.helpD.shelter

9.A.laborB.police

C.forestD.finance

10.A.rebuiltB.discovered

C.leftD.managed

1l.A.DecoratingB.Observing

C-WateringD.Guarding

12.A.toughB.illegal

C.fantasticD.beneficial

13.A.backB.top

C.footD.side

14.A.cooldownB.keepoff

C.purifyD.collect

15.A.retumedB.learned

C.failedD.continued

答案與分層梯度式解析

Unit5Learningfromnature

五年高考練........................、對(duì)應(yīng)主書P87

I.◎語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了原產(chǎn)于澳大拉西亞的戈芬氏鳳頭鸚鵡是技術(shù)高

超的形狀分類專家。

1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthe

cage"和'Tnarecentexperiment...thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped?keys,...Insertingthe

correcttkey,wouldletoutthenut.”可知,籠中的鳥(niǎo)兒(戈芬氏鳳頭鸚鵡)被證明能熟練地使用工具,

它們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)中是通過(guò)使用工具得到堅(jiān)果的。

2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefrom

aroundoneyearofage”可知,■—?dú)q左右的幼童可以把一個(gè)圓形的東西投進(jìn)一^圓形的洞里,故可

推知一歲幼童最有可能完成的任務(wù)是把球放進(jìn)圓洞內(nèi)。

3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshape

SeleCtionS”可知,研究人員下一步的目標(biāo)是測(cè)試?guó)P頭鸚鵡在形狀的選擇中是否也使用觸覺(jué)。

4.D主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是根據(jù)第一段第一句可知,文章主要說(shuō)明了戈芬氏鳳頭鸚鵡

具有熟練的形狀識(shí)別能力。故D項(xiàng)(鳳頭鸚鵡:熟練的形狀歸類員)最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。

∏?◎語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為記敘文,主題語(yǔ)境是人與自然,主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為環(huán)境保護(hù)。一場(chǎng)洪水使

一片有著鳥(niǎo)語(yǔ)花香的濕地變得荒蕪,莫萊用了37年的時(shí)間植樹(shù)造林,使這里重新成為動(dòng)植物的

家園。本文旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的環(huán)保意識(shí)。

1.C考查名詞。莫萊在印度的一個(gè)小村莊長(zhǎng)大,這個(gè)村莊坐落在一些濕地附近,那里成為他的

第二個(gè)家園(home)。A:夢(mèng),夢(mèng)想;B:工作;D:選擇。

2.A考查名詞。句意:他很小就認(rèn)識(shí)到了那里大自然(nature)的價(jià)值和美麗。B:青年,青春;C:文

化;D:知識(shí)。

3.C考查形容詞。句意:當(dāng)莫萊16歲的時(shí)候,他開(kāi)始注意到他家的周圍發(fā)生了一些令人不安的

(disturbing)事情。由下文可知,洪水破壞了此地的自然環(huán)境,使動(dòng)物在濕地上無(wú)法生存,所以令人

不安。A:寶貴的;B:有趣的;D:令人尷尬的,笨拙的。

4.D考查名詞。句意:那年早些時(shí)候,一場(chǎng)洪水襲擊了該地區(qū),造成的破壞(damage)使許多鳥(niǎo)類

被迫離開(kāi)。A:廢物;B:緊張;C:痛苦。

5.A考查副詞。句意:此外(BeSides),蛇的數(shù)量也下降了。B:然而;C:所以;D:否則。

6.B考查動(dòng)詞。句意:他意識(shí)到(realize)這是因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的樹(shù)木來(lái)保護(hù)它們免受高溫。A:同

意;C:記得,記住;D:預(yù)料。

7.B考查名詞。句意:他意識(shí)到這是因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的樹(shù)木來(lái)保護(hù)它們免受高溫(heat)。由上文

可知洪水破壞了濕地的植被,毀壞了濕地的自然環(huán)境,使動(dòng)物在白天因?yàn)樘珶釤o(wú)處藏身。A:噪

音;C:疾病;D:灰塵。

8.D考查名詞。句意:當(dāng)然,解決辦法是種樹(shù),以便這些動(dòng)物可以在白天尋求庇護(hù)(SheIter)。A:方

向;B:伙伴,搭檔;C:幫助。

9.C考查名詞二句意:他向森林(forest)部門尋求幫助,但被告知那里什么都不會(huì)生長(zhǎng)。A:勞

動(dòng);B:警察;D:金融。

10.B考查動(dòng)詞。句意:然而,莫萊獨(dú)自去看了看,發(fā)現(xiàn)(discover)了附近的一個(gè)島嶼,在那里他開(kāi)

始種樹(shù)。A:重建;C:離開(kāi),剩下;D:經(jīng)營(yíng),管理。

Il-C