河北省涿州市2023高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解、短文改錯(cuò)系列訓(xùn)練五

涿州市2023高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解、短文改錯(cuò)系列訓(xùn)練（5）及答案.

（第篇）

GUATEMALACITY（Reuters）一AfishthatlivesinmangroveSWamPS（紅樹(shù)沼澤）across

theAmericascanliveoutofwaterformonthsatatime,similartohowanimalsadapted

（適應(yīng)）tolandmillionsofyearsago,anewstudyshows.

TheMangroveRivulus,atypeofsmallkillifish,.livesinsmallpoolsofwater

inacertaintypeofemptynutorevenoldbeercansinthemangroveswampsofBelize,

theUnitedStatesandBrazil.Whentheirlivingplacedriesup,theyliveonthe

landinlogs（圓木），saidScottTaylor,aresearcherattheBrevardEndangeredLands

PrograminFlorida.

Thefish,whosescientificnameisRivulusmarmoratus,cangrowaslargeas

threeinches.Theygrouptogetherinlogsandbreatheairthroughtheirskinuntil

theycanfindwateragain.

ThenewscientificdiscoverycameafteratriptoBelize.

“Wekickedoveralogandthefishjustcamecrowdingout,〃TaylortoldReuters

inneighboringGuatemalabytelephone.Hesaidhewillmakehisstudyonthefish

knowntothepublicinanAmericanmagazineearlynextyear.

Inlabtests,Taylorsaidhefoundthefishcanliveupto66daysoutofwater

withouteating.

Someotherfishcanliveoutofwaterforashortperiodoftime.Thewalking

catfishfoundinSoutheastAsiacanstayonlandforhoursatatime,whilelungfish

foundinAustralia,AfricaandSouthAmericacanliveontofwater,butonlyin

aninactivestate.ButnootherknownfishcanbeoutofwateraslongastheMangrove

Rivulusandremainactive,accordingtoPatriciaWright,abiologistatCanada,s

UniversityofGuelph.

Furtherstudiesofthefishmaytellhowanimalschangedovertime.

“Theseanimalsliveinconditionssimilartothosethatexistedmillionsof

yearsago,whenanimalsbeganmakingthetransition（過(guò)渡）fromwaterontoland,〃

Wrightsaid.

［語(yǔ)篇解讀］最新發(fā)現(xiàn)：有一種魚(yú)，即使離開(kāi)水也能存活。

1.TheMangroveRivulusisatypeoffishthat.

A.likeseatingnuts

B.preferslivingindryplaces

C.isthelongestlivingfishonearth

D.CaUstayalivefortwomonthsoutofwater

［解析］事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)在第六段，Taylor說(shuō)這種魚(yú)離水后能活66天，也就是兩個(gè)

多月。

［答案］D

2.WhowillwriteupareportonmangroveRivulus?

A.PatriciaWright.

B.ResearchersinGuatemala.

C.ScientistsfromBelize.

D.ScottTaylor.

［解析］推理判斷題。第五段最后一句話告訴我們：明年SCottTaylor將要把對(duì)于這

種魚(yú)的研究在一份美國(guó)雜志上公布于眾。

［答案］D

3.Accordingtothetext,Iuagfishcan.

A.breathethroughitsskin

B.movefreelyondryland

C.remainaliveoutofwater

D.beasactiveonlandasinwater

［解析］事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第七段第二句話告訴我們：IUngfiSh離開(kāi)水也可以存活。

［答案］C

4.WhatcanwesayaboutthediscoveryofMangroveRivulus?

?.Itwasmadequitebyaccident.

B.Itwasbasedonalabtestofsealife.

Cr.ItwassupportedbyanAmericanmagazine.

D.ItwashelpedbyPatriciaWright.

［解析］推理判斷題。第五段TaylOr的話告訴我們：.發(fā)現(xiàn)這種魚(yú)是偶然的。

［答案］A

（2023?廣東卷）A

Intheanimalkingdom,weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimals.

Thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso.ButIhavefoundthatmyweaknessbrings

outthekindnessinpeople.Iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme,pour

creamintomycofffee,orhelpmetoputonmycoat.AndIhavediscoveredthat

itmakesthemhappy.

Frommywheelchairexperience,Iseethebestinpeople,butsometimesIwas

sadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmissthekindnessIseedaily.Theydon,t

gettoseethissoftsideofothers.Often,wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowing

ourweakness,whichincludesalotofpretending.Butonlywhenwestoppretending

we,rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat,sinthem.

Lastmonth,whenIwasdrivinghomeonabusyhighway,Ibegantofeelunwell

anddrovemoreslowlythanusual.Peoplebehindmebegantogetimpatientandangry,

withsomespeedingupalongsideme,horning（按喇叭）orevenshoutingatme.Atthat

moment,IdecidedtodosomethingIhadneverdoneintwenty-fourofdrivingIput

ontheflashlightsanddroveonataregallylowspeed.

Nomoreangryshoutsandnomorehorns!

WhenIputonmyflashlights,Iwassayingtotheotherdrivers,“Ihavea

problemhere,IamweakanddoirLgthebestIcan,,,Andeveryoneunderstood.Several

times,Isaw-driverswhowantedtopass.Theycouldn,tgetaroundmebecauseof

thestreamofpassingtraffic.Butinsteadofgettingimpatientandangry,they

waited,knowingthedriverinfrontofthemwasinsomewayweak.

Sometimesweaknesscallforustoactstrongandbraveevenwhenwedon,tthat

thosefarbetween.Moreoften,itwouldbebetterifwedon,tpretendtofeelstrong

whenwefeelweakorpretendthatwearebravewhenwe,rescared.

26.Theauthorhasdiscoveredthatpeoplewillfeelhappywhen.

A.theyoffertheirhelp

B.theyreceiveothers,help

C.theyfeelothers,kindness

D.theyshowtheirweakness

27.Theauthorfeelssadsometimesbecause.

A.hehasasoftheart

B.hereliesmuchonothers

C.somepeoplepretendtobekind

D.somepeoplefailtoseethekindnessinothers

28.Whatdidtheotherdriversdowhentheysarwtheflashlights?

A.Theyspeeduptopass.

B.Theywaitedwithpatience.

C.Theytriedtheirbesttohelp.

D.Theyputontheirflashlightstoo.

29.Inthispassage,theauthoradvisesusto.

A.handleproblemsbyourselves

B.accepthelpfromothers

C.admitourweakness

D.showourbravery

30..Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AWheelchairExperience.

B.WeaknessandKindness.

C.WeaknessandStrength

D.ΛDrivingExperience

【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。在動(dòng)物王國(guó)弱勢(shì)會(huì)帶來(lái)被侵略，在人類社會(huì)有時(shí)也

是如此。但作者認(rèn)為弱勢(shì)能顯現(xiàn)出人們的善良，給人們帶來(lái)更多的幫助。從而使雙方都感到

幸福。作者以自己的經(jīng)歷向人們闡述了弱勢(shì)與善良的關(guān)系。

26.A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Ihavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople.

可知我的弱勢(shì)顯現(xiàn)了人們的善良，進(jìn)而許多人幫助我。又因Ihavediscoveredthatitmakes

themhapPy可知：幫助別人能使他們感到幸福。應(yīng)選A。

27.D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)sometimesIwassadbecausethosewhoappearindependentmiss

thekindnessIseedaily.Theydon,tgettoseethissoftsideofOtherS.可知I選

Do

28.B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中WhenIputonmyflashlights,ooooButinsteadofgetting

impatientandangry,theywaited,knowingthedriverinfrontofthemwasinsome

wayweak.可知選Bo

29.C考查主旨、要義。根據(jù)文章的第一段可知But1havefoundthatmyweaknessbrings

outthekindnessinPeOPIe.是文章的中心句，全文作者以自己的親身經(jīng)歷向人們闡述了：

有時(shí)成認(rèn)自己的弱勢(shì)給人們帶來(lái)的好處，成認(rèn)弱勢(shì)能改善人們之間的關(guān)系，使自己得到更

多的幫助，讓我們看到人性的善良。

30.C考查文章的標(biāo)題。文章的作者第一段就提出了自己的論點(diǎn)myweaknessbringsoutthe

kindnessinpeople.文章通篇以自己的經(jīng)歷向人們闡述弱勢(shì)與善良的關(guān)系。

（2023?重慶調(diào)研）

TodayisSunday.Wehadnotlessons.Afterbreakfasti.

IwantedtodowithmyhomeworkwhenLiLeirangme.2.

Heaskedmetogotothecinemawithhe.Iagreed,but3.

Ihavetofinishmyhomeworkfirst.Aboutanhourlater,4.

wewentout.InthewaywesawKate;Shewasmending5.

herbike.Shelookedveryworry."Letushelpyou.,,LiLei6.

andIallsaid.uAllright.,,Andwestoppedtohelpher.7.

Therewasnothingmuchwrongwiththebike,soitcost8.

usonlyseveralminutestimetofinishit.Katewasvery9.

thankful.Whenwehurriedtothecinema,thefilmhad10.

beenonfortenminutes.Butwefelthappy.

答案與解析：

1.not→no”沒(méi)有,課〃應(yīng)是havenoIeSSOnS或don'thaveanyIessonso

2.去掉Withdo是及物動(dòng)詞，直接跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)。

3.he-him介詞后跟代詞時(shí)要用賓格。

4.have-had本文是表達(dá)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。

5.Infon"在...途中”是Ontheway。

6.worry-worried''她看上去很著急"，應(yīng)該用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。

7.all→both因?yàn)橹挥形液屠罾賰扇恕?/p>

8.cost-took”花費(fèi)時(shí)間做什么”要用Ittakessometimetodosomethingo

9.去掉time有具體的時(shí)間名詞minutes,無(wú)須再用time。

10.√

?話題探究

地球是人類惟一的家園,在茫茫的宇宙中,除了地球之外,目前尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)其他適合人壟主

存的星球地球是我們?nèi)祟愘囈陨娴奈┮患覉@，是我們居住的最隹環(huán)境.進(jìn)入年代以來(lái),

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，具有全球性影響的環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益突出.不僅發(fā)生了區(qū)域性的環(huán)境污染中大

規(guī)模的生態(tài)破壞，而且出現(xiàn)了溫室效應(yīng)、臭氧層破壞、全球氣候變化、酸雨、物種滅絕?土

地沙漠化、森林銳減、越境污染、海洋污染、野生物種減少、熱帶雨苦減少、土壤侵迎等大

范圍的和全球性環(huán)境危機(jī)，嚴(yán)重幀脅著全人類的生存和發(fā)展.多年的實(shí)踐證日班’、突改造自

然、發(fā)展生產(chǎn)，必須同時(shí)注意自然界的-報(bào)復(fù)'，我國(guó)是發(fā)展中的社會(huì)主罰冢，如果不工里

環(huán)境保護(hù)工作，甚至造成了環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重污染和退化，自然資源的破壞?有的要幾+年、上百

年才能恢復(fù)，有的則難以逆轉(zhuǎn).由于人類活動(dòng)作用于周圍環(huán)境所引起的環(huán)境局亞變化，以及

這種變化對(duì)人類的生產(chǎn)、生活和健康邰造成了影響.近年來(lái)，我們的高考試題和模擬試題對(duì)

于我們的環(huán)境保護(hù)問(wèn)題給與了很大的重視和體現(xiàn)，題目出現(xiàn)的比例這來(lái)約稿以觀幾年的高

考試題和模擬試題，這類題目有以下特點(diǎn)：

1.我們居住的地球的環(huán)境特點(diǎn)以及很多自然災(zāi)害的現(xiàn)象。

2.由于人類的破壞，地球變化帶來(lái)的一些事件。

3.一些提倡保護(hù)我們居住的環(huán)境，提高環(huán)保意識(shí)的各種環(huán)保行為和活動(dòng)。

4.介紹一些環(huán)保的產(chǎn)品，及其帶來(lái)的好處。

5.保持環(huán)境的自然、進(jìn)行有效再循環(huán)的話題。

?鏈接高考

鏈接1.（2023山東卷）

ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Now,itisan

ecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru,sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegood

consequence-othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.

Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,far

fromwesterncivilization,thefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFeamin1798.He

wastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship,HecalledtheislandPleasant

Island.

However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeans

atfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsand

alcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroups

ontheisland.Λten-yearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400

to900.

Nauru,srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscovered

PhoSPhate（磷酸鹽）ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearly

allphosphate,whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfanning.Thecompanybegan

miningthephosphate.

Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenacompany

strip-mines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoilThenutakesawaythematerialitwants.

Strip-miningtotallydestroysdieland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNauru

startedtolooklikethemoon.

In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthe

governmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate

Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.

Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeople

realizeddialtheyhadaterribleproblem一theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninety

percentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasalmost

financiallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000and

morethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.

56.Whatmightbetheauthor,spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.ToseekhelpforNauru,sproblems.

B.Togiveawarning.toothercountries.

C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.

D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.

57.WhatwasNa∏urulikebeforethe,.Europeanscame?

A.Richandpowerful.B.Modemandopen.

C.Peacefulandattractive.D.Greedyandaggressive.

58.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom.

A.soilpollutionB.phosphateovermining

C.farmingactivityD.whalehunting

59.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru,sfinancialproblem?

A.Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.

B.Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.

C.Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.

D.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.

60.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?

A.Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.

B.Theleaderswilltaketheexperts*wordsseriously.

C.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.

D.Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.

【考點(diǎn)】周圍的環(huán)境一說(shuō)明文

【文章大意】本文為說(shuō)明文.主要講了Nauru本是個(gè)美麗的國(guó)度，由于種種原因沒(méi)有重視生

態(tài)的保護(hù)，最終毀掉了這個(gè)美麗的國(guó)家，以此來(lái)給世人一個(gè)警醒.

56.【答案】8

【試題解析】目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段"Nauru'sheartbreakingstor?couldh?'?OnegJd

consequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.”可知，Xauru的生態(tài)災(zāi)難唯一帶來(lái)

的好處是給其他國(guó)家一個(gè)警示，-故選B項(xiàng)

【難度】一般

57.【答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二般最后一句"Hev.-astheBr,:IShCaPtam'~：nHUnte?;a

whalingship.Hecalledtheisla?idPleasantIsland.”和第三段第一句"E.?ve?.becauseit?as

VeryranotMXaunihadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst”,可得1B答案選A項(xiàng).

【難度】一般

58.【答案】8

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)最后一段中的二..theirp根SPhatekaSrunnagout.Xety

percentoftheirislandv.-asdestroyedandtheyhadnothing;可知，答案選B.

【難度】，一般

59.【答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句和最后三句