福建省福州八校聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1福建省福州八校聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)ATheThaicapitalBangkokisn'tjustabigcityfullofskyscrapers,shoppingmalls,andtraffic.Therearemanybeautifulspacesprovidingresidentswithfreshairandlotsofhealthyoutdooractivitiesinlandscapedareas.BenjakittiParkTheparkhasdedicated'bicycleandjoggingtracksaroundtheLakeRatchada.Thewater'sedgeisnicelyframedbysomeprettyplantlife,withcolourfulflowersaddingtothequietness.You'llalsofindskatetracks,acentralpavilionwithfountains,andanimpressivehalf-circlecourtyardthat'spopularforpicnics.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.BenjasiriParkBenjasiriParkistheplacetobeforsculpturelovers,withsomeofthebestexamplesofThaisculpturesaroundtheparkreflectinghistoricalfeatures.Thecentrepiecefountainhostsmultimediawaterdanceshows3timesdaily.TheparkoffersoutdoorsportsfacilitiesrarelyfoundatotherpublicparksinBangkok,includingabasketballcourt,rollerskating/skateboardingrink,tenniscourt,andoutdoorswimmingpool.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.ChatuchakParkChatuchakParkofferssomethingforeveryoneatthispark.Somemaywalkorjogalongthegreentracksline,whileotherscanappreciatenatureintheThaiLiteratureandHerbGarden.Thepark'snorthernendhasmanytenniscourtsandsoccerfields.Whileyou'rethere,makesurenottomisstheTrainMuseumandYouthTrafficGarden.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom4:30a.m.to9p.m.SanamLuangParkSanamLuangParkhasbeenaroundsincethefoundingofBangkokin1782.TakepartinthekiteflyingfestivalinMarchindifferentshapesandsizesfloatinginthesky.Onmostdays;youcanenjoyafamilypicnicinthebreezylateafternoonwhilewatchinganexcitinggameofvolleyball.OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to10p.m.1.Whichparkopensearliesteveryday?A.BenjakittiPark. B.BenjasiriPark.C.ChatuchakPark. D.SanamLuangPark.2.WhatisspecialinBenjasiriParkcomparedwiththeotherthreeparks?A.Colorfulflowers. B.TraditionalsculpturesC.Soccerfields. D.Walkingtracks.3.WhatdoBenjakittiParkandSanamLuangParkbothhave?A.Atenniscourt. B.Someskatetracks.C.Avolleyballcourt. D.Somepicnicspots.〖答案〗1.C2.B3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是泰國(guó)首都曼谷的四個(gè)公園?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。對(duì)比四個(gè)公園的開放時(shí)間“OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.（營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間：每天早上5點(diǎn)至晚上9點(diǎn)。），OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to9p.m.（營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間：每天早上5點(diǎn)至晚上9點(diǎn)。），OpeningTime:Dailyfrom4:30a.m.to9p.m.（營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間：每天早上4:30至晚上9點(diǎn)。），OpeningTime:Dailyfrom5a.m.to10p.m.（營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間：每天早上5點(diǎn)至晚上10點(diǎn)。））”可知，開門最早的公園是ChatuchakPark。故選C。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BenjasiriPark部分的“BenjasiriParkistheplacetobeforsculpturelovers,withsomeofthebestexamplesofThaisculpturesaroundtheparkreflectinghistoricalfeatures.（Benjasiri公園是雕塑愛(ài)好者的地方，公園周圍有一些最好的泰國(guó)雕塑，反映了歷史特征。）”可知，與其他三個(gè)公園相比，Benjasiri公園的特別之處是傳統(tǒng)雕塑。故選B。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BenjakittiPark中的“You'llalsofindskatetracks,acentralpavilionwithfountains,andanimpressivehalf-circlecourtyardthat'spopularforpicnics.（你還會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)溜冰跑道，有噴泉的中央涼亭，以及令人印象深刻的半圓形庭院，那里是野餐的好去處。）”和SanamLuangPark中的“Onmostdays,youcanenjoyafamilypicnicinthebreezylateafternoonwhilewatchinganexcitinggameofvolleyball.（在大多數(shù)日子里，在微風(fēng)拂面的傍晚，你可以一邊享受家庭野餐，一邊觀看激動(dòng)人心的排球比賽。）”可知，Benjakitti公園和SanamLuang公園都有一些野餐的地方。故選D。BJapanisanationthatappreciatesthevirtuesofsilenceandgoodmanners.Yet,whenitcomestoeatingnoodles,Japanesepeoplecanbetheloudestintheworld.AccordingtolifestylewebsiteGrapee.jp,slurping(發(fā)出嘖嘖聲)wheneatingnoodlesisencouragedinJapaneseculture.It'sbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouthcanenhance(提高)theflavorofthenoodlesandhelpcooldownthefood.It'salsoconsideredtobeawaytoshowappreciationforthedish.Sometimes,justmakingthenoisealoneseemstomakethenoodlesmoreenjoyable.Itwasnotuntilanewexpression—“noodleharassment”—cameoutonsocialmediathatJapanesepeoplestartedtorealizetheproblem.Theyfoundthattheslurpingnoisewasmakingsomeforeignvisitorsuncomfortable.Asaresponse,JapaneseinstantnoodlemakerNissinintroducedaso-callednoise-canceling(降噪的)forklastmonth.Theforklookslikeanelectrictoothbrush.Itisconnectedwirelesslytoasmartphone.Whenthepersonusingtheforkstartstoslurp,theforkwillsendasignaltotheperson'sphone.Thenthephonewillplayasoundtomasktheslurpingnoise.Butisitreallynecessary?Diningtraditionsandtablemannersdovary.InIndia,peopleeatwiththeirhands.Theythinktheybuildaconnectionwiththefoodinthisway.However,peoplewhoareusedtoeatingwithforksmightfinditunacceptabletogettheirhandscoveredinoilorsauce.ButthiseatingmethodispartofIndia'sculture,justlikeJapan'sslurpingispartofitsown.“So,ifyouareeatingnoodles,pleaseslurpasyoulike,"wroteaJapanesefoodblogger.“Ifanyonegetsannoyedwhileyouaredoingthat,ignorethem.They'remissingthepointentirely."4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforslurpingwheneatingnoodles,accordingtothetext?A.Coolingthenoodlesdown. B.Makingthenoodlesmoretasty.C.Showinggreatrespectforthenoodles. D.Addingtothepleasureofeatingnoodles.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"harassment"meaninparagraph3mean?A.Anxiety. B.Annoyance.C.Politeness. D.Appreciation6.Howdoesthenoise-cancelingforkwork?A.Theforkremovestheslurpingnoise.B.Theforkcanbeusedasanelectrictoothbrush.C.Asmartphoneremindstheusertostopslurpingifasignalissenttoit.D.Asmartphoneplaysasoundtohidethenoisewhenitreceivesasignal.7.WhydoestheauthormentionpeopleinIndiainthispassage?A.ToshowthatforksareunnecessaryinIndianculture.B.Togiveanexampletoshowculturaldifferencearenormal.C.ToshowIndiahasspecialdinningtraditionandtablemanners.D.TotellusthedifferencesineatinghabitsbetweenIndiaandJapan.〖答案〗4.C5.B6.D7.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了日本啜食文化產(chǎn)生的影響，也說(shuō)明了文化差異是一種正?，F(xiàn)象?！驹斘觥?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段關(guān)鍵句“It'sbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouthcanenhancetheflavorofthenoodlesandhelpcooldownthefood.It'salsoconsideredtobeawaytoshowappreciationforthedish.Sometimes,justmakingthenoisealoneseemstomakethenoodlesmoreenjoyable.”（人們相信，將空氣送入口中可以增強(qiáng)面條的味道，并有助于冷卻食物。這也被認(rèn)為是一種對(duì)這道菜表示欣賞的方式。有時(shí)候，僅僅是發(fā)出聲響似乎就能讓面條更美味）可知，吃面條發(fā)出聲音可以冷卻面條，可以使面條更美味，還可以表示對(duì)面條的欣賞和喜歡，但不能表達(dá)敬意。故選C項(xiàng)。5.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段關(guān)鍵句中“Japanesepeoplestartedtorealizetheproblem”（日本人開始意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題）及“Theyfoundthattheslurpingnoisewasmakingsomeforeignvisitorsuncomfortable.”（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種聲音讓一些外國(guó)游客感到不舒服）可知，“noodleharassment”表示日本人吃面條的方式給外國(guó)人造成了煩惱。harassment與annoyance詞義相近。故選B項(xiàng)。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Whenthepersonusingtheforkstartstoslurp,theforkwillsendasignaltotheperson'sphone.Thenthephonewillplayasoundtomasktheslurpingnoise.”（當(dāng)使用叉子的人開始發(fā)出聲音時(shí)，叉子會(huì)向這個(gè)人的手機(jī)發(fā)送一個(gè)信號(hào)。然后，手機(jī)會(huì)播放一種聲音來(lái)掩蓋咀嚼的聲音）可知，噪音消除叉通過(guò)傳送信號(hào)到對(duì)應(yīng)用餐人的手機(jī)里，手機(jī)播放聲音來(lái)掩蓋噪音起效果。故選D項(xiàng)。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Butisitreallynecessary?Diningtraditionsandtablemannersdovary.InIndia,peopleeatwiththeirhands.”（但這真的有必要嗎?用餐傳統(tǒng)和餐桌禮儀各不相同。在印度，人們用手吃東西）及“ButthiseatingmethodispartofIndia'sculture,justlikeJapan'sslurpingispartofitsown.”（但這種飲食方式是印度文化的一部分，就像日本的啜食是其文化的一部分一樣）可以推測(cè)，作者提及印度人用餐方式是為了舉例說(shuō)明文化差異是正常的。故選B項(xiàng)。CBlindpeoplehavelongdesiredforbrightness,butscientistsdon’thavethetechnology.Tobringthatonestepclosertoreality,ZhiyongFan,amaterialsscientistoftheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,developedanewartificialeyerecently.Thedevice,whichisaboutassensitivetolightandhassharpervisionandafasterreactiontimethanarealeyeball,mayoutperformhumaneyes.Thehumaneyeowesitswidefieldofviewandcleareyesighttotheretina(視網(wǎng)膜)—anareaatthebackoftheeyeballcoveredinlight-detectingcells.Thedesignforanewartificialeyeisbasedonthestructureofthehumaneyeandusesafriendlylight-sensitivematerial.Atthebackoftheeyeball,anartificialretinaislinedwithNanscalelightsensors(納米級(jí)光感器).Thosesensorsmeasurelightthatpassesthroughthelens(晶狀體)atthefrontoftheeye.Wiresattachedtothebackoftheretinasendsignalsfromthosesensorstotheprocessor,similartothewaynervenetworksconnecttheeyeballtothebrain.“Inthefuture,wecanusethistoreplacedamagedhumaneyes,”saystheleaddesigner.Intheory,thisartificialeyecouldseemoreclearlythanthehumaneye,becausetheartificialretinacontainsabout460millionlightsensorspersquarecentimeterwhilearealretinahasabout10millionlight-detectingcellspersquarecentimeter.Besides,theartificialeyeballrecordschangesinlightingfasterthanhumaneyescan—withinabout30to40milliseconds,ratherthan40to150milliseconds.Althoughits100-degreefieldofviewisn’tasbroadasthe150degreesahumaneyecantakein,thedevicecanseeaswellasthehumaneyeinpoorlight.HongruiJiang,anelectricalengineerattheUniversityofWisconsin,though,thinksengineersneedamuchmorepracticalandefficientwaytoproducevastseriesoftinywiresonthebackoftheartificialeyeballtogiveitsuperhumansight,whichissuperhardtoachieve.8.WhydoesZhiyongFandeveloptheartificialeye?A.Toreplacepeople’srealeyeballs. B.Togainasharpervision.C.Tohelptheblindregaintheireyesight. D.Tohelpnormaleyesperformbetter.9.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedesignoftheartificialeye.B.Thestructureofthehumaneye.C.Theadvantagesoftheartificialeye.D.Thematerialusedfortheartificialeye.10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheartificialeyeandthehumaneye?A.Theyhavethesamestructure.B.Theartificialeyemayseemoreclearly.C.Thehumaneyeseesbetterinweaklight.D.Theartificialeyetakesinabroaderview.11.WhichwordbestdescribesHongruiJiang’sattitudetotheartificialeye?A.Doubtful. B.Favorable. C.Tolerant. D.Ambiguous.〖答案〗8.C9.A10.B11.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了香港科技大學(xué)的一位科學(xué)家開發(fā)人工眼幫助盲人重獲光明?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“Blindpeoplehavelongdesiredforbrightness,butscientistsdon’thavethetechnology.Tobringthatonestepclosertoreality,ZhiyongFan,amaterialsscientistoftheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,developedanewartificialeyerecently.”（盲人長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直渴望光明，但科學(xué)家們沒(méi)有這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。為了讓這一點(diǎn)更接近現(xiàn)實(shí)，香港科技大學(xué)材料科學(xué)家范志勇最近開發(fā)了一種新的人工眼。）可知，發(fā)明人工眼的目的是幫助盲人重獲光明。故選C項(xiàng)。【9題詳析】主旨大意題。由第二段“Thedesignforanewartificialeyeisbasedonthestructureofthehumaneyeandusesafriendlylight-sensitivematerial.”（新型人工眼的設(shè)計(jì)基于人眼的結(jié)構(gòu)，并使用了一種友好的光敏材料。）可知，第二段主要講人工眼的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段“Intheory,thisartificialeyecouldseemoreclearlythanthehumaneye,becausetheartificialretinacontainsabout460millionlightsensorspersquarecentimeterwhilearealretinahasabout10millionlight-detectingcellspersquarecentimeter.”（理論上，這種人造眼比人眼看得更清楚，因?yàn)槿嗽煲暰W(wǎng)膜每平方厘米包含大約4.6億個(gè)光傳感器，而真正的視網(wǎng)膜每平方厘米有大約1000萬(wàn)個(gè)光檢測(cè)細(xì)胞。）可知，理論上人工眼可能比真正的眼睛看得更清楚。故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。由尾段“HongruiJiang,anelectricalengineerattheUniversityofWisconsin,though,thinksengineersneedamuchmorepracticalandefficientwaytoproducevastseriesoftinywiresonthebackoftheartificialeyeballtogiveitsuperhumansight,whichissuperhardtoachieve.”（不過(guò)，威斯康星大學(xué)的電氣工程師姜宏瑞認(rèn)為，工程師們需要一種更實(shí)用、更有效的方法，在人造眼球的背面生產(chǎn)大量的細(xì)線，使其具有超人的視力，而這很難實(shí)現(xiàn)。）可知，他認(rèn)為科學(xué)家們?cè)O(shè)想的很難達(dá)成。持懷疑的態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。DChina’syoungpeoplehavecreatedyetanotherwordtoreflecttheirgrowingdisappointmentwiththestressfulworkculture.Thenewlifestylehotword,tangping,isanactionratherthanafeeling—decidingtojustgoby,usingaminimumeffortatanunsatisfactoryjob.Wendysaidthatherlying-downphilosophycouldbesummedupas“Puttingthepeacefulnessofthebodyandsoulfirst.”“Accordingtothemainstreamstandard,agoodlifestylemustincludeworkinghard,tryingtogetgoodresultsonworkevaluations,strugglingtobuyahouseandacar,andhavingbabies,”shesaid,“However,Iamlookingforwardto‘lyingdownentirely’—quittingmyjobandlivingoffmysavings.”TangpinghascomeunderfirefromChinesestatemedia.“Nomatterwhat,youngpeoplemusthaveconfidenceinthefuture,”readanewspaper.“Chinaistheworld’smostpopulouscountry,withrichlaborresourcesandahugemarketadvantage.Theonlyhappylifeisahard-workinglife.“Thelying-downcommunityobviouslyisn’tgoodforthecountry’seconomicandsocialdevelopment,”saidGuangmingDaily.However,thenewspaperaddedthattangpingshouldn’tbeignoredwithoutreflection:ifChinawantstoencouragehardworkintheyounggeneration,itshouldfirsttrytoimprovetheirqualityoflife.“Thestateisworriedaboutwhatwouldhappenifeveryonestoppedworking,”saidHuangPing,aliteratureprofessor.“Buthumansaren’tmerelytoolsformakingthings,”hesaid.Toliedownisareasonablechoiceratherthananegativeattitude.Forsomeyoungpeople,it’sawayforthemtoreducepressure.“Whenyoucan’tcatchupwithsociety’sdevelopment—say,highhouseprices—tangpingisactuallythemostpracticalchoice.”hesaid.Lyingdowncanbeseenastheoppositeofinvolution(內(nèi)卷),referringtosocietiesbecomingtrappedincontinualcyclesofcompetition.“Inarelativelygoodsocialenvironment,peoplemayfeelinvoluted,butatleastthey’retrying”hesaid.“Ifit’sworse,peoplewilltangping.”Alternatively,themoremotivatedamongtheyounggenerationhaveacceptedFIRE—“FinancialIndependence,RetireEarly”—inthehopeofsomedayescapingtheseverecompetitiononceandforall.12.WhatisWendy’sgoalinlife?A.Tokeepupwithsociety’sdevelopment. B.Todependonhersavingstolive.C.Togetpromotedinhercompany. D.Tobehighlyevaluatedatwork.13.Whatdostatemediathinktheyoungshoulddo?A.Improvetheirqualityoflife. B.ReflectonChina’sdevelopment.C.Basetheirfutureonhardwork. D.Liveahappylifebylyingdown.14.WhatdoesProfessorHuangthinkofthe“l(fā)yingdown”style?A.Itmeanslowqualityoflifefortheyoung.B.Itpreventsthedevelopmentofsociety.C.Itmotivatestheyoungtowelcometheirfuture.D.Itremovestheheavylifepressurefromtheyoung.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Ahealthysocietydoesn’tinvolvecompetition.B.Youngpeoplepreferinvolutiontotangping.C.Severecompetitionisthemaincauseoflyingdown.D.Moreactiveyoungpeoplefavourseverecompetition.〖答案〗12.B13.C14.D15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要介紹了中國(guó)的流行熱詞“躺平”，及其背后所反映的社會(huì)問(wèn)題與現(xiàn)象?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段“However,Iamlookingforwardto‘lyingdownentirely’—quittingmyjobandlivingoffmysavings.(然而，我期待“完全躺平”——辭掉工作，靠積蓄謀生)”可知，Wendy打算依賴她的存款生活。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段“Theonlyhappylifeisahard-workinglife.(唯一幸福的生活是勤勞的生活)”可知，媒體認(rèn)為年輕人應(yīng)該通過(guò)努力工作，創(chuàng)造未來(lái)。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段“Toliedownisareasonablechoiceratherthananegativeattitude.Forsomeyoungpeople,it’sawayforthemtoreducepressure.(躺平是一種合理的選擇，而不是消極的態(tài)度。對(duì)于一些年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是他們減壓的一種方式)”可知，黃教授認(rèn)為躺平生活方式消除了年輕人沉重的生活壓力。故選D項(xiàng)。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。由尾段“Alternatively,themoremotivatedamongtheyounggenerationhaveacceptedFIRE—“FinancialIndependence,RetireEarly”—inthehopeofsomedayescapingtheseverecompetitiononceandforall.(或者，年輕一代中更有動(dòng)力的人接受了FIRE——“財(cái)務(wù)獨(dú)立，提早退休”——希望有一天能一勞永逸地?cái)[脫激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng))”可知，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力大才是大家選擇躺平模式的主要原因。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從文后選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Can'tResistJunkFood?StudySuggestsYouTryThisSimpleTrickYou'retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchawhiffofsomethingdelicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Itisfriedchicken!____16____Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices.Let'stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverappetizingtreatcatchesyournose'sattentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Whatwillhappenifyou'restandinginlineafteracoupleofminutes?____17____Andrecentsciencesaysthatthisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.Theresultsofaseriesofexperiments,includingfieldstudiesatasupermarketandatamiddleschoolcafeteria,showthatextendedexposure(ofmorethantwominutes)tojunkfoodsmell(e.g,cookiesmell)leadstolowerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscomparedwithhealthysmell(e.g.strawberrysmell).____18____Thatiswhylongexposuretojunkfoodsmellcanbeassatisfactoryasactuallyhavingitinyourmouth,whichinturndecreasesthedesireforconsumptionofjunkfood.____19____Whentheexposuretosmellofhealthyfoodwereexamined,foodchoiceswerenotprofoundlyinfluenced.Thereasonforthisisthathealthyfoodarenotconnectedwithrewardinourbrainandthereforehavelittleinfluenceonwhatwedesire.Sonexttimeyou'refeelingyoudon'thavethewillpowertoresistthatFrenchfries,itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.____20____A.Butwaitaminutebeforeyouorder.B.It'saresponsethathasbeenresearched.C.Getthesatisfactionwithnoneofthecalories.D.Itisn'tquiteasirresistibleasitwasjustmomentsago.E.However,it'snotthesamecasewithsmellofhealthyfood.F.It'sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.G.Thebraindoesn'tnecessarilydistinguishbetweenapleasurablesmellortaste.〖答案〗16.A17.D18.G19.E20.F【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文，介紹了幾項(xiàng)抵制垃圾食品誘惑的技巧?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)下一句“Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices."可知，暴露在垃圾食品中至少兩分鐘會(huì)幫助你選擇健康食品，所以本句與等待時(shí)間有關(guān)，表達(dá)“但是在預(yù)定之前先等一下”。故A選項(xiàng)“但是在預(yù)定之前先等一下”切題。故選A?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)前文連發(fā)的兩個(gè)問(wèn)句可知，垃圾食品在第一次被聞到時(shí)非常吸引人，那么在排隊(duì)等了幾分鐘之后會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢?根據(jù)下一句可知，這恰恰是要離開的時(shí)刻，可知，本句在表達(dá)“它已經(jīng)不像幾分鐘之前那么不可抗拒了。”故D選項(xiàng)“它已經(jīng)不像幾分鐘之前那么不可抗拒了”切題。故選D?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)本段開頭〖提示〗，可知一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明暴露在垃圾食品的氣味中多于兩分鐘后會(huì)導(dǎo)致垃圾食品購(gòu)買量的下降，在進(jìn)行客觀結(jié)果描述，所以排除易錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)F，同時(shí)，下一句在解釋聞到氣味就如同嘴巴吃到了一樣滿足。可知空處所在句要表達(dá)大腦對(duì)味覺(jué)和嗅覺(jué)區(qū)分不明顯。故G選項(xiàng)“大腦對(duì)味覺(jué)和嗅覺(jué)區(qū)分不明顯”切題。故選選G?！?9題詳析】從下一句“當(dāng)檢測(cè)健康食物的氣味時(shí)，食物選擇并沒(méi)有受到很大的影響?！笨梢缘弥崭駜?nèi)容與健康食物的氣味相關(guān)，并且表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折的語(yǔ)義。故E選項(xiàng)“然而，健康食物的味道就不一樣了?！鼻蓄}。故選E?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)前句“itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo."（最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是坐在那里聞上一兩分鐘香甜的味道）與選項(xiàng)中“It’sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.(聞到味道與吃到它是一樣可以滿足愿望的。)承接自然，話題一致。故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀短文，從文后各題所給A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia,asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.Trujillo,however,isanaerospace____21____wholeadsateamattheNASAlaboratory____22____fortheroboticarmofthelatestMarsrover(火星探測(cè)器).HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto____23____exploringit?That'sataleof____24____writteninthestars.Bornin1983,evenasayounggirlTrujillowas____25____ofherpassionforscience.Butshedoubtedhowfarshe'dbeableto____26____inamale-dominatedfield.ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.Only17atthetime,she____27____theoffer.Trujillotookaseriesofhousekeeping____28____toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.Sometimesshewascleaningbathroomstohelppayherwaythroughher____29____.Butshedidn't______30______"Isaweverythingcomingmywayasanopportunity."Thencameanotherlife-changingmoment.ShebecamethefirstHispanic(西班牙語(yǔ)國(guó)家的)womantobe______31______totheNASAAcademy.Later,shebecameanengineeratNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.ThisFebruary,whenthePerseverancerover______32______onthesurfaceofMars,itwas______33______bycommentary(解說(shuō))fromTrujilloinNASA'sfirst-everSpanish-language______34______.Trujillo'sownstoryis______35______thatjustbeyondthebarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunitieswaitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughtoreachforthestars.21.A.astronaut B.pilot C.engineer D.guide22.A.eager B.responsible C.concerned D.grateful23.A.actually B.hardly C.accurately D.repeatedly24.A.innovation B.kindness C.passion D.sympathy25.A.certain B.approved C.afraid D.fond26.A.respond B.rise C.invest D.apply27.A.madeup B.turnedup C.pickedup D.tookup28.A.measures B.activities C.jobs D.courses29.A.studies B.purchases C.recreations D.trips30.A.clarify B.fear C.perceive D.complain31.A.applied B.admitted C.assigned D.introduced32.A.originated B.generated C.landed D.waited33.A.accompanied B.distracted C.estimated D.occupied34.A.theory B.broadcast C.comment D.performance35.A.career B.information C.competence D.proof〖答案〗21.C22.B23.A24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Trujillo作為一位女性，靠著努力和毅力一步步成為了美國(guó)宇航局的工程師的故事?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Trujillo是一名航空航天工程師，她領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著美國(guó)宇航局實(shí)驗(yàn)室的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)，負(fù)責(zé)最新火星探測(cè)器的機(jī)械臂。A.astronaut宇航員；B.pilot飛行員；C.engineer工程師；D.guide指導(dǎo)；向?qū)?。根?jù)下文“Later,shebecameanengineeratNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.”可知，Trujillo成為美國(guó)宇航局工程師。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Trujillo是一名航空航天工程師，她領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著美國(guó)宇航局實(shí)驗(yàn)室的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)，負(fù)責(zé)最新火星探測(cè)器的機(jī)械臂。A.eager渴望的；B.responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的；C.concerned擔(dān)心的；D.grateful感激的。beresponsiblefor負(fù)責(zé)……。根據(jù)“Trujillo,however,isanaerospace_______wholeadsateamattheNASAlaboratory”可知，Trujillo領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)最新火星探測(cè)器的機(jī)械臂。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Trujillo是如何從只是夢(mèng)想著宇宙變成真正的探索宇宙的呢？A.actually事實(shí)上；B.hardly幾乎不；C.accurately準(zhǔn)確地；D.repeatedly重復(fù)地。根據(jù)“HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverse”可知，Trujillo從夢(mèng)想變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)，在現(xiàn)實(shí)中真正的探索宇宙。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那是一個(gè)寫在星星上的充滿激情的故事。A.innovation創(chuàng)新；B.kindness善良；C.passion熱情；D.sympathy同情。根據(jù)文章開頭“ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia,asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.”可知，對(duì)于一個(gè)女孩要進(jìn)入美國(guó)宇航局工作是非常難的一件事，而這位女孩做到了。所以此處表達(dá)她的整個(gè)經(jīng)歷充滿了激情。故選C。【25題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Trujillo出生于1983年，盡管她還是個(gè)小女孩，但她肯定自己對(duì)科學(xué)的熱情。A.certain確信的；B.approved贊成的；C.afraid害怕的；擔(dān)心的；D.fond喜愛(ài)的。根據(jù)上文“HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniversetoexploringit?”可知，她一直夢(mèng)想著探索宇宙，結(jié)合此句中的even，所以此處表示甚至在她還很小時(shí)，就確定了對(duì)科學(xué)的追求和喜愛(ài)。故選A?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但她不確定自己在一個(gè)男性主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域地位能提高多少。A.respond回應(yīng)；B.rise上升；地位提高；C.invest投資；投入；D.apply申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用。根據(jù)“inamale-dominatedfield”可知，在這樣一個(gè)男性主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域里，Trujillo不知道的努力和堅(jiān)持讓自己能走多遠(yuǎn)，地位能提高多少。故選B?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)只有17歲，她接受了這個(gè)提議。A.madeup編造；B.turnedup出現(xiàn)；調(diào)大；C.pickedup撿起；學(xué)會(huì)；D.tookup接受（建議或主意）；占據(jù)。根據(jù)“ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.”她爸爸提出送她去邁阿密，下文“TrujillotookaseriesofhousekeepingtoputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.”提到她去邁阿密上大學(xué)，所以此處表示，她接受了爸爸讓她去邁阿密的提議。故選D?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Trujillo做了一系列家務(wù)活，讓自己讀完了邁阿密戴德學(xué)院。A.measures措施；B.activities活動(dòng)；C.jobs工作；D.courses課程。根據(jù)“toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.”可知，她給別人做家務(wù)活，也就是通過(guò)家務(wù)工作，掙錢讓自己完成學(xué)業(yè)。故選C?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)她打掃浴室以幫助她完成學(xué)業(yè)。A.studies學(xué)習(xí)；研究；B.purchases購(gòu)買的東西；C.recreations休閑活動(dòng)；D.trips旅行。根據(jù)“Sometimesshewascleaningbathrooms”可知，Trujillo通過(guò)打掃浴室?guī)椭约和瓿蓪W(xué)業(yè)。故選A?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但她沒(méi)有抱怨，她把一切都看成是一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。A.clarify闡明；B.fear害怕；C.perceive認(rèn)為；D.complain抱怨。根據(jù)“Isaweverythingcomingmywayasanopportunity”可知，她把遇到的一切都當(dāng)作機(jī)會(huì)，所以盡管學(xué)習(xí)完成不易，但是她不抱怨。故選D。【31題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她成為第一個(gè)被美國(guó)宇航局學(xué)院錄取的西班牙女性。A.applied申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用；B.admitted承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許……進(jìn)入；C.assigned分配；分派；D.introduced介紹。beadmittedto被……錄取。根據(jù)“Thencameanotherlife-changingmoment.”可知，Trujillo被美國(guó)宇航局學(xué)院錄取，這是它人生的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：今年2月，當(dāng)“毅力號(hào)”火星車在火星表面著陸時(shí)，美國(guó)宇航局同時(shí)廣播了Trujillo的解說(shuō)，這是首次西班牙語(yǔ)的播報(bào)。A.originated起源；B.generated產(chǎn)生；C.landed降落；著陸；D.waited等待。根據(jù)“onthesurfaceofMars,”可知，此處表示的是“毅力號(hào)”在火星表面著陸。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：今年2月，當(dāng)“毅力號(hào)”火星車在火星表面著陸時(shí)，美國(guó)宇航局同時(shí)廣播了Trujillo的解說(shuō)，這是首次西班牙語(yǔ)的播報(bào)。A.accompanied陪伴；伴隨；B.distracted分散；C.estimated估計(jì)；D.occupied占據(jù)。根據(jù)“bycommentary(解說(shuō))fromTrujilloinNASA'sfirst-everSpanish-language________.”可知，此處表示的是“毅力號(hào)”著陸時(shí)，同時(shí)伴隨著廣播中Trujillo的西班牙語(yǔ)的解說(shuō)。故選A。【34題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：今年2月，當(dāng)“毅力號(hào)”火星車在火星表面著陸時(shí)，美國(guó)宇航局同時(shí)廣播了Trujillo的解說(shuō)，這是首次西班牙語(yǔ)的播報(bào)。A.theory理論；B.broadcast廣播節(jié)目；C.comment評(píng)論；D.performance表演；表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“itwas________bycommentary(解說(shuō))fromTrujilloinNASA'sfirst-everSpanish-language”可知，“毅力號(hào)”在火星著陸時(shí)，廣播播報(bào)Trujillo用西班牙語(yǔ)所做的解說(shuō)。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Trujillo自己的故事證明，越過(guò)障礙，有一個(gè)充滿機(jī)遇的宇宙在等待著任何愿意努力工作去接近星星的人。A.career職業(yè)；B.information信息；C.competence能力；勝任；D.proof證據(jù)；證明。根據(jù)“justbeyondthebarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunitieswaitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughtoreachforthestars.”可知，她的故事是一種證明，表明了越過(guò)障礙，有一個(gè)充滿機(jī)遇的宇宙在等待著任何愿意努力工作去接近宇宙的人。故選D。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theremainsofagoldmaskareamongthe3,000-year-oldartifacts(歷史文物)foundatSanxingdui,a4.6-square-mileareaoutsideChengdu,capitalofSichuanprovince.___36___(weigh)about280gramsandestimatedtobemadefrom84%gold,themaskisoneofover500itemsunearthedfromsixnewlydiscovered“sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”inSanxingdui.Morethan50,000ancientartifacts___37___(find)atSanxingduisincethe1920s,whenalocalfarmer___38___(accidental)cameuponanumberofrelicsatthesite.Amajorbreakthrough___39___(occur)in1986,withthediscoveryoftwoceremonialpitscontainingover1,000items.Discoveriesmadeatthesitedatebacktothe12thand11thcenturiesBC,andmanyoftheitemsarenow___40___displayatanon-sitemuseum.Thesitehascompletelychangedexperts’understandingof___41___theancientcivilizationdevelopedinChina.Inparticular,___42___(evident)suggeststhattheuniqueancientShusocietydevelopedindependentlyofneighboringculturesintheYellowRiverValley,___43___wastraditionallyconsideredtobetheoriginofChinesecivilization.AlongwithotherShuarchaeological___44___(site),itiscreditedbytheUNas“___45___outstandingrepresentativeoftheBronzeAgeCivilizationofChina,EastAsiaandeventheworld.”〖答案〗36.Weighing37.havebeenfound38.accidentally39.occurred40.on41.how42.evidence43.which44.sites45.an【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了三星堆遺址又有重大發(fā)現(xiàn)——發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金面具?！驹斘觥?6.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這個(gè)面具重約280克，估計(jì)由84%的黃金制成，是三星堆新發(fā)現(xiàn)的六個(gè)“祭祀坑”出土的500多件物品之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“themaskisoneofover500itemsunearthedfromsixnewlydiscovered“sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”inSanxingdui.”是主句，“________(weigh)about280gramsandestimatedtobemadefrom84%gold,”是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)，且動(dòng)詞weigh(有重；重達(dá))的邏輯主語(yǔ)是主句主語(yǔ)themask(面具)，且二者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，單詞位于句首，首字母大寫，故填Weighing。37.考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：自20世紀(jì)20年代以來(lái)，在三星堆發(fā)現(xiàn)了5萬(wàn)多件文物，當(dāng)時(shí)是一位當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些文物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處做謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞“sincethe1920s”(自從20世紀(jì)20年代以來(lái))可知，此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是Morethan50,000ancientartifacts(5萬(wàn)多件文物)，是復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞find二者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)