福建省廈門市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1福建省廈門市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末英語質(zhì)檢卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.〖答案〗是C。1．Whyisthewomanupset?A．Shehasahandinjury.B．Herfriendwillmoveoutsoon.C．Herfriendcan’thelpwiththemove.2．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A．Sheisahousewife.B．Sheenjoysthework.C．Shehasalotofsparetime.3．Whatisspecialaboutthisyear’sceremony?A．Studentssangtwosongs.B．Studentswrotethesongs.C．Studentsplayedthemusic.4．Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheresultoftheinterview?A．Amusing.B．Surprising.C．Disappointing.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Theweather.B．Thegirl’saunt.C．Thegirl’sclassmate.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whywillthewomanbeabsentfromthefamilyreunion?A．Shehasatimeconflict.B．Shedoesn’twanttomeetBill.C．Shedidn’treceivetheinvitation.7．Whatdoesthemandecidetodo?A．Spendtimewiththewoman.B．Clearupamisunderstanding.C．SettledowninNewYork.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．HowdoesSamfeelnow?A．Relaxed.B．Depressed.C．Satisfied.9．Whatwillthewomando?A．CallSam.B．Visittheman.C．Takeanexam.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Whatkindoflifedidthemanlive?A．Colorful.B．Stressful.C．Peaceful.11．Whathelpsthewomanfixmildproblems?A．Sharing.B．Stayingcalm.C．Keepinghonest.12．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Liveinthevillage.B．Changehisjob.C．Balanceworkandhealth.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Cousins.B．Friends.C．Neighbors.14．Whichfloordoesthewomanliveon?A．The3rdfloor.B．The4thfloor.C．The5thfloor.15．Howoftenistherooftoppartyheld?A．Daily.B．Weekly.C．Monthly.16．Whohelpedthewomanmovethings?A．Amover.B．Paul.C．Herbrother.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whatisthespeakerdoing?A．Airingapieceofnews.B．Promotingcoolingdevices.C．Announcingresearchresults.18．Whatwillprobablyhappennextweek?A．Theweatherwillgetwarmer.B．Theelectricitycostwillincrease.C．Theelectricitydemandwilldecrease.19．Whatpercentageofenergymayimproveddevicessave?A．30%.B．20%.C．10%.20．Whatisthespeaker’ssuggestion?A．Poweringoffunuseddevices.B．Contactingtheindustryexperts.C．Replacingtheuseddevices.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AFoodbookscanbringaculturetolife.Thefollowingfoodbooksareburstingwithdeliciousfood,aswellasentertainingandengagingstorytelling.PierreThiam’slatestbookaimstoshareeveryday,easy-to-cookrecipeslikebakedginger-chiliplantainkelewele.HeexplainshowsomanydishesandingredientsfromtheAmericanSouthandotherregionscantracetheirorigintoWestAfrica.The80recipesareaccessibleandpresentarangeoftraditionalandmoderntakesonthecuisine.FuchsiaDunlop’sbookexaminesclassicChinesedishes,likemapotofu,soupdumplingsandDongpopork.Thisbookincludeshistory,philosophy,cookingtechniques,andDunlop’son-the-groundresearchconductedoverthreedecadestopresentafascinatingexplorationofthisever-changingcuisine.TamarAdlerseekstomakeleftoversmoreappealingandlowerfoodwasteintheprocesswithherlatestbook,whichcontainsaround1,500recipes.Thisisn’twhatyou’dcallabeautifulcoffeetable-stylecookbook—it’spracticalandthecreativesecretswithinaretrulymind-blowing.NatashaPickowiczisaninnovativechef.MoreThanCakeisherfirstcookbook,fullofinvaluabletipslikehowtobuildalayer(層)cake.Asidefromgreatbakingrecipes,thiscookbooktriestoliveuptoitsnamebysharinghowbakingcanprovidesomuchmorethanjusttastysweets—itcangivecommunity,purpose,joyandlove.1.WhoexploresChinesefoodcultureinthecookbook?A.PierreThiam. B.FuchsiaDunlop.C.TamarAdler. D.NatashaPickowicz.2.WhatdoSimplyWestAfricanandTheEverlastingMealCookbookhaveincommon?A.Theyarethewriters’latestbooks. B.Theyadvocatelowerfoodwaste.C.Theyhavethesamenumberofrecipes. D.TheyaimtoshareWestAfricandishes.3.Whichbookfavorscake-bakinglovers?A.SimplyWestAfrican. B.InvitationtoaBanquet.C.TheEverlastingMealCookbook. D.MoreThanCake.〖答案〗1.B2.A3.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。美食書籍可以將一種文化帶入生活。文章介紹了幾本美食書，里面充滿了美味的食物，以及有趣和引人入勝的故事?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“FuchsiaDunlop’sbookexaminesclassicChinesedishes,likemapotofu,soupdumplingsandDongpopork.(FuchsiaDunlop的書探討了麻婆豆腐、湯團(tuán)和東坡肉等經(jīng)典中國菜肴)”可知，F(xiàn)uchsiaDunlop在這本烹飪書中探索中國飲食文化。故選B項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PierreThiam’slatestbookaimstoshareeveryday,easy-to-cookrecipeslikebakedginger-chiliplantainkelewele.(PierreThiam的新書旨在分享日常、容易烹飪的食譜，比如烤姜椒大蕉燉菜)”及“TamarAdlerseekstomakeleftoversmoreappealingandlowerfoodwasteintheprocesswithherlatestbook,whichcontainsaround1,500recipes.(TamarAdler在她的新書中試圖讓剩菜更有吸引力，并在這個過程中減少食物浪費，這本書包含了大約1500種食譜)”可知，SimplyWestAfrican和TheEverlastingMealCookbook的共同特點是他們都是作者最新的書籍。故選A線【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一本書中的“MoreThanCakeisherfirstcookbook,fullofinvaluabletipslikehowtobuildalayer(層)cake(MoreThanCake是她的第一本烹飪書，里面有很多寶貴的技巧，比如如何制作層蛋糕)”可知，蛋糕烘焙愛好者青睞于MoreThanCake。故填D項。BThelivingroomiscleared.Thehosttapsawineglasswithaknife,andpeoplefilein,fillingthesofasandchairsthatarepushedupagainstthewalls.Sooneveryseatinthehouseistaken,andabottleofschnappsispassedaround.LyonHansen,whominutesbeforewasknockingaboutinthekitchen,walksoverandpicksupaguitarandstartstoplay.Hoymahasbegun.Foronenight,homeownersprimarilyinSydrugota,asmalltownontheFaroeIslands,opentheirdoors,invitingfriends,familyandtouristsintoenjoyintimate(親密的)concertsbylocalartists.Thetraditiondatesbacknearly500yearstoatimewhenFaroeselifehadtomoveundergroundduetoDanishrule.Thecultureandthelanguagewaskeptaliveinpeople’slivingrooms,wheretheygatheredtosingandtellstories.ThemodernHoymaconcertseriesstartedasanoffshoot(分支)oftheG!Festival,anannualmusicaleventonthebeachesofEysturoyeverysummersince2002.Around2007,G!Festival’screatorJónTyril,exhaustedbyalltheredtape(繁文縟節(jié))thatcamewithputtingonabigmusicfestival,startedtodreamalittlesmaller.Specifically,hestartedtothinkabouttinyconcertsheldinlivingrooms—nosoundsystemsorspotlights,theaudiencemadeupofasmanypeopleascanfitinsideahouse.Theidearesoundedinhismind,notonlybecauseitdidn’tinvolveanyheavylifting,physicallyormentally,butalsobecauseitwentbacktothelongstandingFaroesetradition.Since2007,Hoymahasfeatured20concertsintendifferentfamilyhomesinSydrugota.ForLaksá,hostingtheconcertsisnotonlyfun,butawaytogiveback,andtoensuretheislandssurviveinthemodernworld.Asinmanyfamilies,herdaughtersgrewupandlefttheFaroes.“TheystudiedintheU.K.fornineyears,butbothcameback,”shesays.“IactuallythinkthatHoymaispartlythereasonwhymanychildrenfromthisvillagethatgoabroadcomeback.Theyareproudofit.”4.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A.Bypresentingascene. B.Byevaluatinganargument.C.Byclarifyingaconcept. D.Bymakinganassumption.5.WhencanthetraditionofHoymabetracedto?A.AstagewhentheG!FestivalwasneededbytheFaroese.B.Aperiodwhenonlylocalartistswereallowedtoperform.C.Anoccasionwhenpeoplecelebratedtheencounterswithtourists.D.AtimewhenfreedomoftheFaroesewaslimitedbecauseofDanishrule.6.WhatdoesJónTyrilthinkofhomeconcerts?A.Economicalandvaried. B.Convenientandentirelyoriginal.C.Accessibleandprofitable. D.Simpleandculturallyattached.7.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningLaksáandherdaughters?A.Hoymacontributestothesurvivaloftheislands.B.Hoymareflectstheaffectionbetweenmotherandchildren.C.Hoymaisgainingpopularityacrosstheglobeinmoderntimes.D.Hoymabecomesentertainingwiththeinvolvementoftheyoung.〖答案〗4.A5.D6.D7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了法羅群島的小型家庭音樂會——Hoyma音樂會?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thelivingroomiscleared.Thehosttapsawineglasswithaknife,andpeoplefilein,fillingthesofasandchairsthatarepushedupagainstthewalls.Sooneveryseatinthehouseistaken,andabottleofschnappsispassedaround.LyonHansen,whominutesbeforewasknockingaboutinthekitchen,walksoverandpicksupaguitarandstartstoplay.Hoymahasbegun.(客廳被清空了。主人用刀敲了敲酒杯，人們魚貫而入，填滿了靠墻的沙發(fā)和椅子。很快，房子里的每個座位都被占滿了，一瓶杜松子酒被傳來傳去。幾分鐘前正在廚房里閑逛的LyonHansen走了過來，拿起吉他開始演奏。Hoyma已經(jīng)開始了。)”可知，第一段描寫了一場Hoyma小型家庭音樂會開始的場景，從而引出本文要談?wù)摰膶ο蟆狧oyma音樂會。故填A(yù)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thetraditiondatesbacknearly500yearstoatimewhenFaroeselifehadtomoveundergroundduetoDanishrule.(這一傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到近500年前，當(dāng)時由于丹麥的統(tǒng)治，法羅群島的生活不得不轉(zhuǎn)入地下。)”可知，Hoyma音樂會的傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到丹麥統(tǒng)治時期，當(dāng)時法羅群島的人們被限制了自由，不得不轉(zhuǎn)入地下。故選D。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Specifically,hestartedtothinkabouttinyconcertsheldinlivingrooms—nosoundsystemsorspotlights,theaudiencemadeupofasmanypeopleascanfitinsideahouse.Theidearesoundedinhismind,notonlybecauseitdidn’tinvolveanyheavylifting,physicallyormentally,butalsobecauseitwentbacktothelongstandingFaroesetradition.(具體來說，他開始考慮在客廳里舉行的小型音樂會——沒有音響系統(tǒng)或聚光燈，觀眾由可容納進(jìn)房子的盡可能多的人組成。這個想法在他的腦海中回響，不僅因為它不涉及任何身體或精神上吃力的工作，還因為它回到了長期的法羅群島傳統(tǒng)。)”可知，JónTyril考慮到了家庭音樂會的簡單和文化相關(guān)性。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Laksá,hostingtheconcertsisnotonlyfun,butawaytogiveback,andtoensuretheislandssurviveinthemodernworld.Asinmanyfamilies,herdaughtersgrewupandlefttheFaroes.‘TheystudiedintheU.K.fornineyears,butbothcameback,’shesays.‘IactuallythinkthatHoymaispartlythereasonwhymanychildrenfromthisvillagethatgoabroadcomeback.Theyareproudofit.’(對Laksá來說，舉辦音樂會不僅很有趣，也是一種回饋和確保這些島嶼在現(xiàn)代世界中生存下來的方式。和許多家庭一樣，她的女兒們長大后離開了法羅群島?！麄冊谟鴮W(xué)習(xí)了九年，但都回來了，’她說?！聦嵣?，我認(rèn)為Hoyma是這個村莊許多出國的孩子回來的部分原因。他們?yōu)榇烁械津湴痢！?”可知，Laksá認(rèn)為舉辦Hoyma音樂會不僅很有趣，也是一種回饋和確保這些島嶼在現(xiàn)代世界中生存下來的方式，并講述了她的女兒們出國留學(xué)后又回到法羅群島的事情，認(rèn)為這與Hoyma有密切的關(guān)系，由此可推測出，作者提到Laksá和女兒們的事情是為了表明Hoyma幫助法羅群島在現(xiàn)代生活中生存下來。故選A。CWhenIfirstmetNaoJunior,hewasinhis40sandoneofonlyninemembersofhisIndigenous(土著的)group,GreatAndamanese,whostillspoketheidiomofhisancestors.Asalanguagespecialist,Ihadresearchedmorethan80Indianlanguages.IwasontheislandstodocumenttheirIndigenousvoicesbeforetheyfadedintowhispers.Wordsinthislanguageconsistedoftwoclasses:freeandbound.Thefreewordswereallnounsthatreferredtotheenvironmentanditsinhabitants,suchasrafor“pig”.Theycouldoccuralone.Theboundwordswerenouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsthatalwaysexistedwithmarkersindicatingarelationtootherobjects,eventsorstates.Themarkerscamefromsevenzonesofthebodyandwereattachedtoarootwordtodescribeconceptssuchas“inside”,“outside”,“upper”and“l(fā)ower”.Forexample,themorpheme(詞素)er-,whichqualifiedmostanythinghavingtodowithanouterbodypart,couldbestuckto-chotoyieldercho,meaning“head”.Justasahead,aboundword,couldnotconceptuallyexistonitsown,themodeandeffectofanactioncouldnotbedividedfromtheverbdescribingtheaction.GreatAndamanesehadnowordsforagriculturebutagreatmanyforhuntingandfishing,mainlywithabowandarrow.Thus,therootwordshile,meaning“toaim”,hadseveralversions:utshile,toaimfromabove;arashile,toaimfromadistance;andeshile,aimingtomakeaholewithasharpobject.Thestudiesestablishedthatthelanguageseemstobetrulyoldinorigin.Inamultistageprocessofdevelopment,wordsdescribingdiversebodypartshadchangedintomorphemesreferringtodifferentzonesandcombinedwithcontentwordstoyieldmeaning.Thestructurealoneprovidesaninsightintoanancientworldviewinwhichthemacrocosm(宏觀世界)reflectsthemicrocosm,andeverythingthatisorthathappensinseparablyconnectstoeverythingelse.8.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthor’sstayontheislands?A.Tomeetwithanoldfriend. B.ToteachIndigenousidioms.C.Torecordanancientlanguage. D.Totraceherancestors.9.“Aimatapig’sheadfromafar”inGreatAndamanesemaybe______.A.Arashileraercho B.ArashileerchoC.Eshileercho D.Eshileraercho10.WhatcanweinferfromtheverbsinGreatAndamanese?A.Averbcoulddescribemorethanoneaction. B.Someoftheverbscouldbeusedontheirown.C.Thelocalsprobablyliveoffseafoodandmeat. D.Thetoolsusedinpeople’sdailylifearediverse.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.GreatAndamaneseistheoriginofmultiplelanguages.B.GreatAndamaneseisadoorwaytotheancientwisdom.C.GreatAndamanesetellsthedevelopmentofthecommunity.D.HumanbodyshapesGreatAndamanese’suniqueworldview.〖答案〗8.C9.A10.C11.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章通過描述大安達(dá)曼人語言中的詞匯分類、詞根和詞綴的組合方式，展現(xiàn)了這種語言背后蘊含的豐富文化和歷史內(nèi)涵。同時，強調(diào)了對土著語言和文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)和重視的重要性。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Asalanguagespecialist,Ihadresearchedmorethan80Indianlanguages.IwasontheislandstodocumenttheirIndigenousvoicesbeforetheyfadedintowhispers.(作為一名語言專家，我研究了80多種印度語言。我在島上記錄土著居民的聲音，直到他它們漸漸消失。)”可知，作者在島上停留的目的是記錄一種古老的語言。故選C。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“suchas

ra

for“pig”(比如ra代表“豬”)

”和“ercho,meaning“head”(ercho意思是“頭”)

”和第三段的“arashile,toaimfromadistance(Arashile表示“從遠(yuǎn)處瞄準(zhǔn)”)”可知，“Aimatapig’sheadfromafar(從遠(yuǎn)處瞄準(zhǔn)豬頭)”在大安達(dá)曼語中對應(yīng)的是Arashileraercho。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“GreatAndamanesehadnowordsforagriculturebutagreatmanyforhuntingandfishing.

(大安達(dá)曼人沒有關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)的詞匯，但有很多關(guān)于狩獵和捕魚的詞匯。)”可知，當(dāng)?shù)厝丝赡芤院ｕr和肉類為生。故選C?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thestudiesestablishedthatthelanguageseemstobetrulyoldinorigin.Inamultistageprocessofdevelopment,wordsdescribingdiversebodypartshadchangedintomorphemesreferringtodifferentzonesandcombinedwithcontentwordstoyieldmeaning.Thestructurealoneprovidesaninsightintoanancientworldviewinwhichthemacrocosmreflectsthemicrocosm,andeverythingthatisorthathappensinseparablyconnectstoeverythingelse.(這些研究證實，這種語言的起源似乎真的很古老。在一個多階段的發(fā)展過程中，描述不同身體部位的詞語變成了指代不同區(qū)域的語素，并與實義詞結(jié)合產(chǎn)生意義。這個結(jié)構(gòu)本身就提供了一種對古代世界觀的洞察，在這種世界觀中，宏觀世界反映了微觀世界，所有存在或發(fā)生的事情都與其他事物不可分割地聯(lián)系在一起。)”可知，本段主要講的是通過研究大安達(dá)曼語可以發(fā)現(xiàn)古代的世界觀，即打開古老智慧的大門。故選B。DAworkingsemiconductor(半導(dǎo)體)hasbeencreatedfromgraphene(石墨烯),potentiallylayingthefoundationforanewtypeofcomputerwithgreaterspeedandefficiencythantoday’ssiliconchips(硅基芯片)allow.Graphene,amaterialmadefromasinglelayerofcarbonatoms,isagoodelectricalconductorresistanttoheatandacids.Butaworkinggraphenesemiconductorwhichcanbecontrolledtoconductorseparateelectricityatwill,hasevadedscientists.Suchsemiconductorsarekeytocreatingthelogicchipsthatpowercomputers.Theproblemhasbeenthelackofwhatisknownasabandgap.Semiconductorshavebandsofhigherandlowerenergiesandapoint—thebandgap—atwhichexcitedelectronscanjumpfromonetotheother.Thiseffectivelyallowstheflowofcurrenttobeswitchedonandoff,soitiseitherconductingornotconducting,creatingthebinarysystemofzeroesandonesusedindigitalcomputers.Now,WalterdeHeerattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyandhiscolleagueshavecreatedgraphenewithabandgapanddemonstratedaworkingtransistor,anon/offswitchthateitherpreventsorallowscurrenttoflowthroughit.DeHeersaidtheelectricalpropertiesofagraphenesemiconductorwerefarbetterthanthoseofsiliconchips.“It’slikedrivingonarockyroadversusdrivingonafreeway,”hesaid.Siliconchipsarecheaptomakeandbackedbyextensiveproductionfacilities,butwearereachingtheirlimits.Moore’slawstatesthenumberoftransistorsinacircuitwilldoubleroughlyeverytwoyears,buttherateofdownsizinghasslowedrecentlyasengineersreachcircuitconcentrationbeyondwhichelectronscan’tbereliablycontrolled.“Youcanuseallthetechnologythewholesemiconductorindustryistotallycomfortablewithtoscaleupthisprocess,”saysDavidCareyattheUniversityofSurrey,UK.Buthesuspectstheworldwillsoonshifttographenechips,becausesiliconhassuchaheadstart.“Mostpeopleworkingonsiliconarebombeddailybynew,wonderfulmaterialsthatareabouttoreplaceitandnoneofit’severhappened,”hesays.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evaded”probablymeaninparagraph2?A.Surprised. B.Attracted. C.Annoyed. D.Puzzled.13.Whyisabandgapcrucial?A.Itexcitesthejumpofelectrons. B.Itcreatesthesystemofzerosandones.C.Itbalancesthehigherandlowerenergies. D.Itallowstheonandoffofthecurrentflow.14.Whatadvantagemightgraphenesemiconductorhaveoversiliconchips?A.Superiorelectricalcharacteristics. B.Strongerproductionsupport.C.Lowerdevelopmentcost. D.Slowerdownsizingrate.15.WhatmaybeDavid’sattitudetographenechips’applicationinthenearfuture?A.Uncaring. B.Favorable. C.Doubtful. D.Disapproving.〖答案〗12.D13.D14.A15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了科學(xué)家已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造出了由石墨烯制成的功能半導(dǎo)體，這可能為未來開發(fā)速度更快、效率更高的新型計算機奠定基礎(chǔ)。【12題詳析】詞義猜測題。But前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折，根據(jù)前一句“Graphene,amaterialmadefromasinglelayerofcarbonatoms,isagoodelectricalconductorresistanttoheatandacids.(石墨烯是一種由單層碳原子制成的材料，是一種耐熱耐酸的良好導(dǎo)電體)”可知，前面講述了石墨烯的特征和作為導(dǎo)電體的良好性能，所以后文應(yīng)講述石墨烯一直以來沒有被開發(fā)成導(dǎo)電體的問題，再結(jié)合第三段中的“Theproblemhasbeenthelackofwhatisknownasabandgap.(問題是缺乏所謂的帶隙)”可推知，由于帶隙的問題，這種可以隨意被控制導(dǎo)電或斷電的功能石墨烯半導(dǎo)體難倒了科學(xué)家。evade意為“使難倒”，與puzzle(使困惑)意思最接近。故選D。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Semiconductorshavebandsofhigherandlowerenergiesandapoint—thebandgap—atwhichexcitedelectronscanjumpfromonetotheother.Thiseffectivelyallowstheflowofcurrenttobeswitchedonandoff,soitiseitherconductingornotconducting,creatingthebinarysystemofzeroesandonesusedindigitalcomputers.(半導(dǎo)體有較高和較低能量的帶，還有一個點——帶隙——在這個點上，被激發(fā)的電子可以從一個帶跳到另一個帶。這有效地允許電流的開啟和關(guān)閉，因此它要么導(dǎo)通，要么不導(dǎo)通，從而創(chuàng)建了數(shù)字計算機中使用的零和一的二進(jìn)制系統(tǒng))”可知，帶隙能夠讓被激發(fā)的電子從一個帶跳到另一個帶，可以有效地允許電流的開啟和關(guān)閉，因此它非常關(guān)鍵。故選D?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“DeHeersaidtheelectricalpropertiesofagraphenesemiconductorwerefarbetterthanthoseofsiliconchips.(DeHeer說，石墨烯半導(dǎo)體的電學(xué)性能遠(yuǎn)好于硅芯片)”可知，石墨烯半導(dǎo)體比硅芯片有更好的電學(xué)性能。故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Buthesuspectstheworldwillsoonshifttographenechips,becausesiliconhassuchaheadstart.(但他懷疑世界很快就會轉(zhuǎn)向石墨烯芯片，因為硅有如此領(lǐng)先的優(yōu)勢)”可推測出，對于不久的將來石墨烯芯片得到應(yīng)用的可能性，他持懷疑態(tài)度。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Althoughmanyofusmayacceptintheorythatfailureisanecessarycomponentofalllearningandgrowth,inpractice,___16___.Wemayknowthatweneedagrowthmindsetinordertodevelop,butfailureremainsanexperiencethatisoftenassociatedwithshame.Therearevariousreasonswhywemayfearfailure.___17___.Whenwefailatsomething,ourself-imagesuffers.Wemayfeelworthless,andwemaycriticizeourselvesforourfailure.Ifwefailpublicly,ourfailurewillbevisibletoothers.Wemayfearotherpeople’sjudgment.Wemayfearthatourfailurewillimpactorendourcareer,orelsethatitwilldamageourfame.How,then,canweovercomeourfearoffailuresothatwecantrulybenefitfromwhatfailinghastoteachus?___18___.Remindingyourselfthatthereisnogrowthwithoutfailure—nolearning,nodevelopment,nonewexperiences—canhelpyouseewhatyoudislikeinanewlight.Beopentolearningfromfailureforoveralldevelopment.___19___.Trytolearnanewskillorhobby—asport,cooking,dancing,drawing,playinganinstrument—andbekindtoyourselfinthelearningprocess.Mindfullyallowyourselftofail,totryagain,tofailagainbutbetter,andtryagain,untilyougetsomewhere.Keepalittlediaryinwhichyourecordwhatyourfailureshavetaughtyou.Insteadoffeelingsorryforyourselfwhenyoufail,askyourself:WhatcanIlearnfromthisexperience?Andremember:___20___.A.wecaneasilymakethemostofitB.LookatyourattitudesaboutfailingC.weoftenstrugglegreatlywithfailingD.BuildyourfailuremusclegentlyinasafespaceE.FearmaypreventyoufromseekingnewexperiencesF.Whileitishardtofail,itismuchworsenevertohavetriedtosucceedG.Perhapsthemostcommonisthatourself-worthtendstobetiedtosuccess〖答案〗16.C17.G18.B19.D20.F【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一些面對失敗的方法?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Althoughmanyofusmayacceptintheorythatfailureisanecessarycomponentofalllearningandgrowth,inpractice(雖然我們中的許多人可能在理論上接受失敗是所有學(xué)習(xí)和成長的必要組成部分，但在實踐中)”以及后文“Wemayknowthatweneedagrowthmindsetinordertodevelop,butfailureremainsanexperiencethatisoftenassociatedwithshame.(我們可能知道，為了發(fā)展，我們需要一種成長的心態(tài)，但失敗仍然是一種經(jīng)常與羞恥聯(lián)系在一起的經(jīng)歷)”可知，上文although表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明許多人明白接受失敗是所有學(xué)習(xí)和成長的必要組成部分，但是在實踐中還是會因為失敗感到痛苦。故C選項“我們經(jīng)常為失敗而苦苦掙扎”符合語境，故選C。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Therearevariousreasonswhywemayfearfailure.(我們害怕失敗的原因有很多)”以及后文“Whenwefailatsomething,ourself-imagesuffers.Wemayfeelworthless,andwemaycriticizeourselvesforourfailure.(當(dāng)我們在某件事上失敗時，我們的自我形象就會受到影響。我們可能會覺得自己毫無價值，我們可能會因為自己的失敗而批評自己)”可知，本句承接上文說明我們害怕失敗的原因是什么。G選項中self-worth對應(yīng)后文worthless。故G選項“也許最常見的是我們的自我價值傾向于與成功聯(lián)系在一起”符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Remindingyourselfthatthereisnogrowthwithoutfailure—nolearning,nodevelopment,nonewexperiences—canhelpyouseewhatyoudislikeinanewlight.Beopentolearningfromfailureforoveralldevelopment.(提醒自己沒有失敗就沒有成長——沒有學(xué)習(xí)，沒有發(fā)展，沒有新的經(jīng)歷——可以幫助你以新的眼光看待你不喜歡的東西。為了全面的發(fā)展，愿意從失敗中學(xué)習(xí))”可知，后文主要說明了用新的眼光看待失敗，從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，即用新的態(tài)度對待失敗。故B選項“看看你對失敗的態(tài)度”符合語境，故選B?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Trytolearnanewskillorhobby—asport,cooking,dancing,drawing,playinganinstrument—andbekindtoyourselfinthelearningprocess.Mindfullyallowyourselftofail,totryagain,tofailagainbutbetter,andtryagain,untilyougetsomewhere.(試著學(xué)習(xí)一項新技能或愛好——一項運動、烹飪、舞蹈、繪畫、演奏樂器——在學(xué)習(xí)過程中善待自己。有意識地允許自己失敗，再試一次，再試一次，但會更好，再試一次，直到你到達(dá)某個地方)”可知，后文提到“有意識地允許自己失敗，再試一次，再試一次，但會更好，再試一次，直到你到達(dá)某個地方”，即通過練習(xí)逐漸鍛煉面對失敗時的心態(tài)。故D選項“在一個安全的空間里慢慢地鍛煉你的失敗肌肉”符合語境，故選D。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Keepalittlediaryinwhichyourecordwhatyourfailureshavetaughtyou.Insteadoffeelingsorryforyourselfwhenyoufail,askyourself:WhatcanIlearnfromthisexperience?Andremember(寫一個小日記，記錄你從失敗中學(xué)到的東西。當(dāng)你失敗時，不要為自己感到難過，而要問自己：我能從這次經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到什么？記住)”可知，本句主要說明了上文想要讀者記住的事情，故F選項“雖然失敗很痛苦，但從未嘗試過成功更糟糕”符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。WhenhandballwasintroducedtoSriLankanschoolsin2010,Iwantedtobringittomyschoolinaremotevillage.Thisbecamea(n)___21___taskasthesportsteacherwasunwillingtoinitiateanything___22___traditionalsportslikebasketball.DespitebeinganEnglishlanguageteacherbefore___23___mypostasdeputyprincipal(副校長),Iwas___24___tostartthisgameatanycost.40studentsagedbetween13and19___25___toplay.IhadthesupportoftheirparentsbutIstillcouldn’t___26___thesportsteachertoagree.___27___,Iusedmypositiontogetthegamegoing.HeshanPradeep,analumnus(校友)andmemberoftheAirForcehandballteam,volunteeredto___28___theteam.Althoughhandballisanindoorgame,wetrainedoutdoorsduetolimited___29___.Trainingstartedearlyinthemorningbeforeclassand____30____afterschooluntilitwasdark.Theboyslovedthegameandwere____31____training.Afterthreemonthsofdevotedtraining,wewereabletosendanunder-19sboys’teamto____32____with50otherschools.Ourboysplayedremarkablywelland____33____thesemifinals.Thefollowingyear,nobodycould____34____ourteamfromwinningtheall-islandschoolshandballchampionship.The____35____sentthewholevillageintocarnivalmode.HeshanandIweremuchhonoredtohaveshowntheboysthatdreamscanbefulfilled.21.A.appealing B.challenging C.confusing D.amusing22.A.regardlessof B.inrelationto C.otherthan D.intermsof23.A.leaving B.assuming C.offering D.creating24.A.determined B.resistant C.forbidden D.grateful25.A.wokeup B.grewup C.spedup D.signedup26.A.allow B.encourage C.convince D.force27.A.Ultimately B.Occasionally C.Similarly D.Unfortunately28.A.protect B.contact C.coach D.assess29.A.prospects B.appliances C.qualifications D.facilities30.A.ended B.continued C.changed D.functioned31.A.passionateabout B.particularabout C.embarrassedabout D.objectiveabout32.A.debate B.compete C.associate D.cooperate33.A.watched B.hosted C.reached D.predicted34.A.stop B.free C.separate D.excuse35.A.motivation B.tendency C.innovation D.victory〖答案〗21.B22.C23.B24.A25.D26.C27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.B33.C34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者作為副校長，克服了各種困難，把手球運動引入自己的鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校，最終球隊在第二年獲得了比賽冠軍?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這成了一項具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)，因為體育老師不愿意發(fā)起籃球等傳統(tǒng)運動以外的任何運動。A.appealing有吸引力的；B.challenging挑戰(zhàn)性的；C.confusing難以理解的；D.amusing逗人笑的。根據(jù)句中的“asthesportsteacherwasunwillingtoinitiateanything_____traditionalsportslikebasketball”可知，由于體育老師不配合，所以引入手球運動很有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意參考上題。A.regardlessof不管，不顧；B.inrelationto和……相比；C.otherthan除……以外；D.intermsof在……方面。根據(jù)空前的“thesportsteacherwasunwillingtoinitiateanything”和空后的“traditionalsportslikebasketball”可知，這里表示體育老師不愿意發(fā)起籃球等傳統(tǒng)運動以外的任何運動。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管在擔(dān)任副校長之前我是一名英語老師，但我決心不惜一切代價開始這個運動。A.leaving離開；B.assuming承擔(dān)（責(zé)任），就（職）；C.offering主動提出；D.creating創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)空后的“mypostasdeputyprincipal(副校長)”可知，這里是說作者擔(dān)任副校長一職。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A.determined下決心的；B.resistant有抵抗力的；C.forbidden禁止的；D.grateful感激的。根據(jù)句中的“atanycost”可知，這里表示作者決心不惜一切代價開始這個運動。故選A。【25題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：40名年齡在13歲到19歲之間的學(xué)生報名參加了這項運動賽。A.wokeup喚醒；B.grewup長大；C.spedup加速；D.signedup報名。根據(jù)下文中的“theteam”和“Theboyslovedthegame”可知，這里指有40名學(xué)生報名參加。故選D。【26題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我得到了他們父母的支持，但我仍然無法說服體育老師同意。A.allow運動；B.encourage鼓勵；C.convince說服；D.force強迫。根據(jù)上文中的“asthesportsteacherwasunwillingtoinitiateanything_____traditionalsportslikebasketball”可知，體育老師不愿意發(fā)起手球這項運動，根據(jù)空前的“stillcouldn’t”可知，作者仍然說服不了體育老師同意。故選C?！?7題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，我利用我的職位讓運動繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。A.Ultimately最終；B.Occasionally偶爾；C.Similarly相似地；D.Unfortunately不幸地。根據(jù)上文中的“40studentsagedbetween13and19______toplay.IhadthesupportoftheirparentsbutIstillcouldn’t______thesportsteachertoagree.(40名年齡在13歲到19歲之間的學(xué)生報名參加了這項運動賽。我得到了他們父母的支持，但我仍然無法說服體育老師同意)”可知，有同學(xué)報名參加這項運動，而且作者也得到了這些學(xué)生父母的支持，但始終無法說服體育老師，所以這里是說最終作者利用自己的職務(wù)讓這項運動繼續(xù)。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：空軍手球隊隊員、校友HeshanPradeep主動請纓擔(dān)任球隊教練。A.protect保護(hù)；B.contact聯(lián)系；C.coach指導(dǎo)；D.assess評估。根據(jù)下文中的“wetrainedoutdoors”可知，HeshanPradeep自愿當(dāng)球隊的教練。故選C。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然手球是室內(nèi)運動，但由于設(shè)施有限，我們在室外訓(xùn)練。A.p