高三英語閱讀理解達標訓練三

(A)（故事：圖書館記敘文難度：簡單）It’ssuchahappy-lookinglibrary,paintedyellow,decoratedwithpalm-treestickersandshelteredfromtheFloridasunbyitsownroof.Aboutthesizeofamicrowaveoven,it’spedestrian-friendly,too,waitingforbookloversnexttoasidewalkinPalmBeachcountryEstates,alongthenorthernboundaryofPalmBeachGardens.It’salibrarybuiltwithlove.Ayearago,shortlyafterJaneyHenriksensawaBrianWilliamsreportabouttheLittleFreeLibraryorganization,aWisconsin-basednonprofitthataimstopromoteliteracyandbuildasenseofcommunityinaneighborhoodbymakingbooksfreelyavailable,sheannouncedtoherfamilyoffour,“That’swhatwe’regoingtodoforourspringbreak!”SonAustin,nowa10th-grader,didn’tseethepointofbuildingalibrarythatresemblesamailbox.ButJaneyinsisted,andhusbandPeterunwillinglygottowork.The51-year-oldownerofashipsupplycompanymodifiedasmallwoodenhousethathe’dbuiltyearsearlierfordaughterAbbie’stoyhorses,andmadeadoorofglass.Afteraddingthelibrary’sfinaltouches(裝點),thefamilyhungasignboardonthefront,instructingusersto“takeabook,returnabook,”andmakingtheHenriksenlibrary,nowoneofseveralhundredlikeitnationwideandamongmorethan2,500intheworld,theonlyLittleFreeLibraryinPalmBeachCounty.Theystockeditwith20orsobooksthey’dalreadyread,amixofsciencefiction,referencetitles,novelsandkids’favorites.“Itoldthem,keepinmindthatyoumightnotseeitagain,”saidJaney,astay-at-homemom.Sincethen,thecollectionkeepsreplenishing(補充)itself,thankstoongoingdonationsfromborrowers.Thelibrarynowgetsanaverageoffivevisitsaday.Theproject’sbestpayoff,saysPeter,arethethank-younotesleftbehind.“Wehadnoideainthebeginningthatitwouldbesopopular.”56.Inwhatwayisthelibrary“pedestrian-friendly”?A.Itownsayellowroof.B.Itstandsnearasidewalk.C.Itprotectsbookloversfromthesun.D.Itusespalm-treestickersasdecorations.57.Janeygottheideatobuildalibraryfrom__________.A.avisittoBrianWilliamsB.aspringbreakwithherfamilyC.abooksentbyoneofherneighborsD.areportonaWisconsin-basedorganization58.Thelibrarywasbuilt__________.A.byashipsupplycompanyB.onthebasisoftoyhorsesC.likeamailboxD.withglass59.Whatcanweinferaboutthesignboard？A.Itwasmadebyauserofthelibrary.B.Itmarkedafinaltouchtothelibrary.C.Itaimedatmakingthelibrarylastlong.D.Itindicatedthelibrarywasafamilyproperty.(B)（旅游應用文難度：簡單）PlanningavisittotheU.K.?Herewehelpwithwaystocutyourcosts.AVOIDBIGEVENTSBigsportingevents,concertsandexhibitionscanincreasethecostofaccommodationandmakeithardertofindaroom.AstandarddoubleroomattheThistleBrightononthefinalFridayoftheBrightonComedyFestival(19October)cost￡169.15atB.Aweeklater，thesameroomcost￡118.15.Ifyoucanbeflexibleandwanttoknowdatestoavoid--oryou’relookingforabigeventtopassyourtime--checkoutsitessuchasW,whichallowyoutosearchforeventsintheU.K.bycity,dateandcategory.STAYAWAYFROMTHESTATIONIftravelingtoyourdestinationbytrain,youmaywanttofindagoodbaseclosetothestation,butyoucouldenduppayingmoreforthesakeofconvenienceatthestartofyourholiday.Don’tbetoochoosyaboutthepartoftownyoustayin.Bookingtwomonthsinadvance,thecheapestroomatTravelodge’sCentralEustonhotelinLondonforSaturday22Septemberwas￡95.95.AroomjustatubejourneyawayatitsCoventGardenhotelwas￡75.75.AndatFarringdon,adoubleroomcostjust￡62.95.LOOKAFTERYOURSELFReallycentralhotelsincitiessuchasLondon,EdinburghandCardiffcancostafortune，especiallyatweekendsandduringbigevents.Asanalternativeconsidercheckingintoaself-cateringflatwithitsownkitchen.Oftentheseflatsarehiddenawayonthetopfloorsofcitycentrebuildings.AgreatexampleisthehistoricO’NeillFlatonEdinburgh’sRoyalMile,availablefor￡420forfivedaysinlateSeptember,withroomforfouradults.GETONABIKELondon’s‘Borisbikes’haveattractedthemostattention,butothercitiesalsohavesimilarprogrammesthatletyourentabicycleandexploreatyourownpace,savingyouonpublictransportorcarparkingcosts.AmongthesmallercitieswiththeirownprogrammesareNewcastle(casualmemberspayaround￡1.50fortwohours)andCardiff(freeforupto30minutes，or￡5perday)．60.“Farringdon”inParagraph5ismostprobably______A.ahotelawayfromthetrainstationB.thetubelinetoCoventGardenC.anidealholidaydestinationD.thenameofatravelagency61.ThepassageshowsthattheO’NeilFlat______.A.liesonthegroundfloorB.islocatedincentralLondonC.providescookingfacilitiesfortouristsD.costsover￡100onaverageperdayinlateSeptember62.Themainpurposeofthepassageis______.A.totellvisitorshowtobookinadvanceB.tosupplyvisitorswithhotelinformationC.toshowvisitorstheimportanceofself-helpD.tooffervisitorssomemoney-savingtips(C)（社會問題：犯罪說議文難度：偏難）MarthaStewartwascharged,triedandconvictedofacrimein2004.Asshenearedtheendofherprisonsentence,awell-knowncolumnistwrotethatshewas“payingherdues,”andthat“thereissimplynoreasonforanyonetoattempttodenyherrighttostartanew.”Surely,theAmericanidealofsecondchancesshouldnotbereservedonlyfortherichandpowerful.Unfortunately,manyfederalandstatelawsimposepost-convictionrestrictionsonashockinglylargenumberofAmericans,whoarepreventedfromeverfullypayingtheirdebttosociety.Atleast65millionpeopleintheUnitedStateshaveacriminalrecord.Thiscanresultinseverepenaltiesthatcontinuelongafterpunishmentiscompleted.Manyofthesepenaltiesareimposedregardlessoftheseriousnessoftheoffenseortheperson’sindividualcircumstances.Lawscanrestrictorbanvoting,accesstopublichousing,andprofessionalandbusinesslicensing.Theycanaffectaperson’sabilitytogetajobandqualificationforbenefits.Inall,morethan45,000lawsandrulesservetoexcludevastnumbersofpeoplefromfullyparticipatinginAmericanlife.Somelawsmakesense.Nooneadvocateslettingsomeonewhohasbeenchargedwithrobberyworkinaschool.Buttoooftencollateral(附隨的)consequencesbearnorelationtopublicsafety.Shouldawomanwhopossessedasmallamountofdrugsyearsagobepermanentlyunabletobelicensedasanurse?Theselawsarealsocounterproductive,sincetheymakeitharderforpeoplewithcriminalrecordstofindhousingorlandajob,twokeyfactorsthatreducebacksliding.Arecentreportmakesseveralrecommendations,includingtheabolitionofmostpost-convictionpenalties,exceptforthosespecificallyneededtoprotectpublicsafety.Wherethepenaltiesarenotamust,theyshouldbeimposedonlyifthefactsofacasesupportit.Thepointisnottoexcuseorforgetthecrime.Rather,itistorecognizethatinAmerica’svastcriminaljusticesystem,secondchancesarecrucial.Itisinnoone’sinteresttokeepalargesegmentofthepopulationonthemarginsofsociety.63.Whatdoesthewell-knowncolumnist’sremarkaboutMarthaStewartsuggest?A.Herpastrecordmightstandinherwaytoanewlife.B.Herbusinesswentbankruptwhileshewasinprison.C.Herreleasefromprisonhasdrawnlittleattention.D.Herprisonsentencemighthavebeenextended.64.WhataretheconsequencesformanyAmericanswithacriminalrecord?A.Theyremainpoorfortherestoftheirlives.B.Theyaredeprivedofallsocialbenefits.C.Theyaremarginalizedinsociety.D.Theyaredesertedbytheirfamily.65.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthepost-convictionlawsandrules?A.Theyhelptomaintainsocialstability.B.Someofthemhavelongbeenoutdated.C.Theyarehardlyunderstoodbythepublic.D.Alotofthemhavenegativeeffectsonsociety.66.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Tocreateopportunitiesforcriminalstoreformthemselves.B.ToappealforchangesinAmerica’scriminaljusticesystem.C.Toensurethatpeoplewithacriminalrecordliveadecentlife.D.Tocallpeople’sattentiontoprisoners'conditionsinAmerica.56-59BDCC 60-62ACD 63-66ACDB(A)（音樂與認知能力夾敘夾議難度：中等）Excitingconcertos(協(xié)奏曲)fromVivaldi’sTheFourSeasonscanboostmentalalertness,accordingtoresearchfromNorthumbriaUniversity.Thefindings,whicharepublishedinExperimentalPsychology,showthattheexcitingfirstmovement(樂章),inparticular,iscapableofenhancingattentionandmemory.Intheexperimentagroupof14youngadultsweregivenamentalconcentrationtasktoperform.Theywereaskedtopressthespacebaronakeyboardwhenagreensquareappearedonscreenandignoredifferentcolouredcirclesandsquaresthatappearedatintervals.TheparticipantscarriedoutthistaskbothinsilenceandwhilelisteningtoeachofthefourconcertoswhiletheirbrainactivitywasmeasuredusingEEGbrainimaging.ResultsshowedthatparticipantsrespondedcorrectlyfasterwhenlisteningtotheexcitingSpringconcerto.Whenlisteningtotheconcerto,theaverageresponsetimeinperformingthetaskwas393.8milliseconds(毫秒)asopposedto408.1millisecondswhenthetaskwascarriedoutinsilence.Thisresponsetimeroseto413.3millisecondswhentheylistenedtotheslowerandsadderAutumnmusic,thereforeshowingadecreaseinmentalcapacity.PsychologistDrLeighRibysaid:“TheSpringmovementenhancedoverallactivitywithinthebrainbuthadanexaggeratedeffectontheareaofthebrainthat’simportantforemotionalprocessing.Itseemedtogiverisetoparticularimageryinthebrainandevokepositive,contentedfeelingswhichtranslatedintohigherlevelsofcognitivefunctioning.”DrRibysuggeststhattheSpringmovementisparticularlyspecialandcouldbeusedintherapyandis,infact,quiteafamiliarpiecetomostpeopleasithasbeenusedsuccessfullyinmarketingtoinducemoodandinfluencebehavior.Healsofoundthatthekeyinwhichthemusicwaswrittenhadnoimpactonbrainperformance.WhiletheSpringconcerto,whichiswritteninamajorkeyenhancedcognitivefunction,theAutumnmovement,whichisalsowritteninamajorkey,didnot.Headded:“Thisexperimentshowsthatcognitivecapacityisenhancedwhenpleasantandarousingstimuliareintroduced.”56.WhatdoweknowabouttheresearchfromNothumbriauniversity?A.Itwasconductedinfourdifferentseasonsofayear.B.Itshowedmusiccanboostmentalalertness.C.Itwasdonebyagroupof14youngadults.D.Theresultsoftheresearchhavebeenpublished.57.Underwhatcircumstancedidparticipantsrespondcorrectlyfaster?A.Whentheywereincompletesilence.B.Whentheywerelisteningtoslowandsadmusic.C.WhentheywerelistentotheAutumnconcerto.D.WhentheywerelisteningtotheSpringconcerto.58.WhyaremostpeoplequitefamiliarwiththeSpringmovement?A.Ithasbeenusedintherapysettings.B.Ithasbeensuccessfullyusedinmarketing.C.Peoplethinkitquitespecialandclassic.D.Peopleusuallylistentoittoadjusttheirmood.59.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs？A.Thekeyinwhichthemusicwaswrittenwasneverimportant.B.TheSpringandtheAutumnmovementwerewrittenindifferentkeys.C.Pleasantandarousingstimulicanenhancecognitivecapacity.D.TheAutumnconcertocouldenhancecognitiveability.(B)（社交：舒適區(qū)說明文難度：簡單）Didyouknowthatallhumanbeingshavea“comfortzone”regulatingthedistancetheystandfromsomeonewhentheytalk?Thisdistancevariesininterestingwaysamongpeopleofdifferentcultures.Greeks,othersoftheEasternMediterranean,andmanyofthosefromSouthAmericanormallystandquiteclosetogetherwhentheytalk,oftenmovingtheirfacesevencloserastheywarmupinaconversation.NorthAmericansfindthisawkwardandoftenbackawayafewinches.Studieshavefoundthattheytendtofeelmostcomfortableatabout21inchesapart.InmuchofAsiaandAfrica,thereisevenmorespacebetweentwospeakersinconversation.Thisgreaterspacesubtlylendsanairofdignityandrespect.Thismatterofspaceisnearlyalwaysunconscious,butitisinterestingtoobserve.Thisdifferenceappliesalsototheclosenesswithwhichpeoplesittogether,theextenttowhichtheyleanoveroneanotherinconversation,howtheymoveastheyargueormakeanemphatic(強調(diào)的)point.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,peopletrytokeeptheirbodiesaparteveninacrowedelevator;inPadstheytakeitasitcomes!AlthoughNorthAmericanshavearelativelywide“comfortzone”fortalking,theycommunicateagreatdealwiththeirhands--notonlywithgesturebutalsowithtouch.Theyputasympathetichandonaperson’sshouldertodemonstratewarmthoffeeling,oranarmaroundhiminsympathy;theypatanarminreassuranceorstrokeachild’sheadinaffection;theyreadilytakesomeone’sarmtohelphimacrossastreetordirecthimalonganunfamiliarmute.Tomanypeople--especiallythosefromAsiaortheMoslemcountries—suchbodilycontactisunwelcome,especiallyifdonewiththelefthand.ThelefthandcarriesnospecialsignificanceintheU.S.ManyAmericansaresimpleleft-handedandusethathandmore.60.WhatwouldmostprobablyhappenwhenaGreekmeetsaNorthAmerican?A.TheGreekkeeps12inchesapartfromtheNorthAmerican.B.TheGreekcankeepacomfortabledistancewiththeNorthAmerican.C.TheNorthAmericanacceptstheGreekdistancewhentheybecomefriends.D.TheNorthAmericankeepsbackingawaywhiletheGreekskeepsmovingcloser.61.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatFrenchmen______.A.movecloserwhentheywanttoemphasizeapointB.usemorebodylanguagetointeractwithothersC.sitfartherapartwhentheytalkinalargeroomD.don’tmindbodilycontactinacrowdedelevator62.Touchingwiththelefthandisregardedas______intheMuslimcountries.A.ameaninglessgestureB.anoffendingactionC.anunintentionalmistakeD.allill-intentionedjoke(C)（食物與情緒說明文難度：偏難）Howdoesfoodaffectmoodandmind?Theanswermaylieinthechemistryofthebrainandnervoussystem.Moleculescalledneurotransmitters(神經(jīng)遞質(zhì))arechemicalmessengers.Theycarryanerveimpulseacrossthegapbetweennervecells.Thereleaseofneurotransmittermoleculesfromoneneuronandtheirattachmenttoreceptorsitesonanotherkeepanerveimpulsemoving.Nerveimpulsescarrymessagesfromtheenvironmenttothebrain,forexample,thepainyoufeelwhenyoustub(踢碰)yourtoe.Theyalsocarrymessagesintheotherdirection,fromthebraintothemuscles.That’swhyyoubackawayfromtheobstaclethatinitiatedthepainsignalandexclaim,“Ouch!”“Manyneurotransmittersarebuiltfromthefoodsweeat,”saysneuroscientistEricChudleroftheUniversityofWashington.Toolittleortoomuchofaparticularnutrientinthedietcanaffecttheirproduction,Chudlersays.Forexample,tryptophan（色氨酸）fromfoodssuchasyogurt,milk,bananas,andeggsisrequiredfortheproductionoftheneurotransmitterserotonin(復合胺).Phenylalanine(苯丙氨酸)frombeets,almonds,eggs,meat,andgrainsgoesintomakingtheneurotransmitterdopamine(多巴胺).Dozensofneurotransmittersareknown;hundredsmayexist.Theireffectsdependontheiramountsandwheretheyworkinthebrain.Theneurotransmitterserotonin,forexample,isthoughttoproducefeelingsofcalmness,relaxation,andcontentment.Drugsthatpreventitfrombeingtaken(intotheneuronthatre