基于PLC控制的污水處理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)設(shè)計

基于PLC控制的污水處理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)設(shè)計河南理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）摘要目前，我國大多數(shù)污水處理控制系統(tǒng)自動化水平不高、安全性低、管理不當，效率普遍低于世界標準。污水處理系統(tǒng)中的曝氣過程控制、數(shù)據(jù)通訊和監(jiān)控管理是急需解決的主要問題。中國污水處理自控系統(tǒng)相對落后，污水處理成本居高不下，污水廠排放的處理過的污水的水質(zhì)不穩(wěn)定，所以如何建立有效的自控系統(tǒng)、優(yōu)化運行效果、減少運行費用，具有重要意義。本文介紹了工廠污水處理的基本工藝和流程，并通過研究設(shè)計一套基于PLC控制的污水處理系統(tǒng)。文章首先介紹PLC在污水處理控制系統(tǒng)的工藝及相關(guān)流程，控制系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)計、工作原理以及設(shè)計PLC控制系統(tǒng)的基本原則和步驟，來說明PLC在污水處理過程中的應(yīng)用。先根據(jù)污水處理要求設(shè)計了設(shè)備的電器控制與自動控制線路，主要包括設(shè)備的啟停、狀態(tài)信號、故障信號、和信號采集等，最后按照工藝要求設(shè)計PLC控制系統(tǒng)，其中包括PLC的選型、系統(tǒng)資源配置以及按照污水處理工藝編制PLC程序。關(guān)鍵詞：污水處理PLC工藝流程I河南理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）AbstractAtpresent,themajorityofoursewagetreatmentcontrolsystemautomationlevelisnothigh,lowsecurity,mismanagement,efficiencyisgenerallylowerthantheworldstandard.Sewagetreatmentsystemintheaerationprocesscontrol,datacommunicationsandmonitoringandmanagementarethemainissuesthatneedtoberesolved.Chinasewagetreatmentautomaticcontrolsystemisrelativelybackward,thehighcostofsewagetreatment,sewageplant'streatedeffluentqualityofinstability,howtoestablisheffectiveautomaticcontrolsystemtooptimizetheoperatingresults,andreduceoperatingcostsisofgreatsignificance.Thispaperintroducesthebasictechniquesandprocessesofplantsewagetreatment,andasewagetreatmentsystembasedonPLCcontrolstudydesign.ThearticlefirstintroducesthePLC-basedsewagetreatmentprocessandrelatedprocesscontrolsystem,controlsystemhardwarearchitectureanddesign,operatingprinciplesandthebasicprinciplesofthedesignofPLCcontrolsystemandthestepstoillustratetheapplicationofPLCinthesewagetreatmentprocess.Firstdesignofelectricalcontrolandautomaticcontrolcircuitaccordingtothesewagetreatmentrequirements,includingstartandstopequipment,statussignalfaultsignal,andsignalacquisition,thefinaldesignofPLCcontrolsysteminaccordancewiththeprocessrequirements,includingtheselectionofthePLC,thesystemallocationofresources,aswellasthepreparationofthePLCprograminaccordancewiththesewagetreatmentprocess.Keywords:sewagetreatmentthePLCprocessII河南理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）目錄1緒論......................................................................................................................................11.1課題的背景.......................................................................................................................11.2工業(yè)污水處理的國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀...........................................................................................21.3課題主要設(shè)計的內(nèi)容.......................................................................................................32工業(yè)污水處理控制系統(tǒng)總體介紹........................................................................................42.1工業(yè)污水處理基本概念...................................................................................................42.2常用的工業(yè)污水處理工藝..............................................................................................42.3本設(shè)計系統(tǒng)工業(yè)污水處理工藝及描述...........................................................................92.4工業(yè)污水處理系統(tǒng)控制形式.........................................................................................102.5工業(yè)污水處理系統(tǒng)的功能要求.....................................................................................112.5.1信號輸入..................................................................................................................112.5.2控制輸出信號..........................................................................................................123硬件系統(tǒng)配置......................................................................................................................133.1主要組成部分.................................................................................................................133.2電氣控制系統(tǒng).................................................................................................................143.3工業(yè)污水處理系統(tǒng)的工作原理.....................................................................................153.3.1控制系統(tǒng)總體框圖..................................................................................................153.3.2工作過程..................................................................................................................153.3.3工業(yè)污水處理系統(tǒng)主電路設(shè)計..............................................................................163.4PLC的選型...............................................................................................................163.4.1PLC的選擇.........................................................................................................163.4.2S7-200PLC概述.....................................................................................................173.5PLC的I/O資源配置.....................................................................................................183.5.1數(shù)字量輸入部分......................................................................................................183.5.2數(shù)字量輸出部分......................................................................................................183.5.3模擬量輸入部分......................................................................................................193.5.4模擬量輸出部分...................................................................................................193.6其他資源配置.................................................................................................................203.6.1接觸器選型..............................................................................................................203.6.2變頻器簡介..............................................................................................................21III河南理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）3.6.3變頻與變壓(VVVF)原理.........................................................................................213.6.4變頻調(diào)速的基本原理..............................................................................................223.6.5變頻器選型..............................................................................................................233.6.6變頻器參數(shù)設(shè)置......................................................................................................233.6.7電動機的選型..........................................................................................................243.6.8液位差計..................................................................................................................253.6.9溶解氧儀..................................................................................................................254軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計......................................................................................................................274.1總體流程設(shè)計.................................................................................................................274.1.1手動模式..................................................................................................................274.1.2自動模式..................................................................................................................284.2曝氣過程控制的任務(wù).....................................................................................................374.3氯氣投加環(huán)節(jié).................................................................................................................374.4絮凝劑投加環(huán)節(jié).............................................................................................................384.5PID控制.........................................................................................................................384.6PLC和變頻器通訊.........................................................................................................395預(yù)期效果..............................................................................................................................415.1硬件系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試.............................................................................................................415.2預(yù)期效果.........................................................................................................................416結(jié)論................................................................................................................................43參考文獻..................................................................................................................................44附錄......................................................................................................................................45致謝........................................................................................................................................58IV河南理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）說明書1緒論1.1課題的背景我國淡水資源不斷減少，而且污染現(xiàn)象較為嚴重。隨著社會的發(fā)展，水資源已經(jīng)成為影響工業(yè)發(fā)展的重要因素，現(xiàn)代工業(yè)中生產(chǎn)工藝和設(shè)備對水