2024年高等教育教育類自考-00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)筆試歷年真題薈萃含答案

2024年高等教育教育類自考-00830現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)筆試歷年真題薈萃含答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后卷I一.參考題庫(共25題)1.suprasegmentalfeatures2.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.3.phonicmediumoftolanguage5.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.6.Speechcommunity7.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageofthetenbillionnervecellscalled（）.A、neuronsB、nervesystemC、nervesD、cerebralcortex8.Duality9.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof（）.A、palatalB、alveolarC、bilabialD、dental10.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.11.InEnglish，longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuchas/i：/，thelarynxisinastateoftension.12.“Itisraininghard”isaone-placepredicationsentence.13.generallinguistics14.Alinguafranca15.（）morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.A、FreeB、BoundC、RootD、Affix16.Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.17.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis（）.A、arbitraryB、non-arbitraryC、logicalD、non-productive18.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”，and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.19.Whatisidiolect?20.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas（）.A、unusualB、somethingtobefearedC、abnormalD、natural21.Asentenceisa（）concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.A、pragmaticB、grammaticalC、mentalD、conceptual22.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar（）.A、JacobGrimmB、RasmusRaskC、FranzBoppD、SirWilliamJones23.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.24.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“l(fā)ight”.Thisshows:（）.A、Theycannotpronounce/n/B、Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongueC、TheteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethodD、Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds25.Theword“modernizers”iscomposedof（）morphemes.A、3B、4C、5D、6卷II一.參考題庫(共25題)1.（）languagebelongstotheSino-TibetanFamily.A、EnglishB、SpanishC、IndianD、Chinese2.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage，learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgeinlearningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget（）.3.voicing4.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.5.blending6.GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish. [k];[z];[w];[u:];[i]7.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.8.Whatisthedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance?9.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition，unlikeentailment，isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.10.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.11.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroupandpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,（）,andkinterm.A、title+firstnameB、title+titleC、titlealoneD、firstname+lastname+title12.sociolect13.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,is（）phonetics.A、auditoryB、acousticC、articulatoryD、noneoftheabovethree14.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception，comprehensionandproduction.15.Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.16.Accent17.（）producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.A、Broca’saphasicB、ThelinguisticdeprivationC、ThedamageontheangulargyrusD、Wernicke’saphasic18.Thepairofwords“l(fā)end”and“borrow”are（）.A、gradableoppositesB、relationaloppositesC、co-hyponymsD、synonyms19.Whattheelement‘-es’indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement‘-ed’pasttense,and‘-ing’progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso（）.A、phonemesB、morphemesC、allophonesD、phones20.Accordingtothewaysantonymsdiffer,howmanygroupscanweclassifyantonymsinto?21.Morphology22.inflectionalmorphemesn23.Ar（）isoftenseenaspartofaword，butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear，definitemeaning.24.“JohnkilledBillbutBilldidn’tdie”isa(n)（）.A、entailmentB、presuppositionC、anomalyD、contradiction25.Thegreatsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundinthe（）cavity.A、nasalB、oralC、lungD、glottis卷III一.參考題庫(共25題)1.subvocalspeech2.Linguistics3.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.4.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld，wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties，b（）inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguages.5.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized，thatofanu（）isconcreteandcontext-dependent.6.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze（）meaning.A、phonemeB、wordC、phraseD、sentence7.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.8.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture”,and“Thelinguisticlecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntacticcategory.9.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavoicelessbilabialstop?（）A、[p]B、[b]C、[m]D、[t]10.hierarchicalstructure11.Whatarethesenserelationsbetweensentences?12.maximsofqualityandmanner13.contrastiveanalysis14.Thesentence“Thebabysmiled.”isa（）.A、two-placepredicationB、three-placepredicationC、no-placepredicationD、one-placepredication15.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?16.Componentialanalysisisbasedonthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcannotbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeature.17.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa（）,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.18.Reference19.（）actistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething.A、AlocutionaryB、AnillocutionaryC、AperlocutionaryD、Aspeech20.WhydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzingtheconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelementsSupportyourstatementwithexamples?21.Morphologyistranslatedas形態(tài)學(xué)。22.namingtheoryandconceptualistview23.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences. (1)Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible. (2)Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent. (3)Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment24.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?25.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe（）.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic卷I參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案:Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.2.參考答案:錯誤3.參考答案:Thelimitedrangeofsoundsthatareusedinhumanlanguagecommunication，i.e.thespeechsounds.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.4.參考答案:Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoformcanbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeaningsacrossrelatedlanguages.5.參考答案:錯誤6.參考答案:Speechcommunityisthusdefinedasagroupofpeoplewhoformacommunity(whichmayhavefewmembersasafamilyorasmanymembersasacountry),andsharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguage.7.參考答案:A8.參考答案:Duality:Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.Atthelowerorthebasiclevel,thereisthestructureofsounds,whicharemeaningless,discrete,individualsounds.Butthesoundsoflanguagecanbecombinedaccordingtorulesintounitsofmeaningsuchasmorphemesandwords.9.參考答案:B10.參考答案:錯誤11.參考答案:正確12.參考答案:錯誤13.參考答案:Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgenerallinguistics.14.參考答案:Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefromdiverselinguisticbackgrounds.15.參考答案:B16.參考答案:錯誤17.參考答案:A18.參考答案:正確19.參考答案: Whenanindividualspeaks,whatisactuallyproducedisauniquelanguagesystemofthespeaker,expressedwithintheoverallsystemofaparticularlanguage.Suchapersonaldialectisreferredtoasidiolect.20.參考答案:D21.參考答案:B22.參考答案:D23.參考答案:錯誤24.參考答案:B25.參考答案:B卷II參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案:D2.參考答案:transfer3.參考答案: Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords.4.參考答案:正確5.參考答案:Aprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords.6.參考答案: [k]：voiceless，stop，velar [z]：voiced，alveolar，fricative [w]：bilabial，approximant [u：]：back，lax，rounded，high [i]：front，tense，unrounded，high7.參考答案:錯誤8.參考答案: CompetenceandperformancewasproposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomskyinthelate1950’s.Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.9.參考答案:正確10.參考答案:錯誤11.參考答案:C12.參考答案:Avarietyoflanguagesusedbyasocialclass.13.參考答案:C14.參考答案: Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsofperception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordinationofvariouslanguagecenters.Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke’sareaandtransferredtoBroca’sarea,whichdeterminesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensenttothemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords.Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexistransmittedtoWernicke‘sarea,whereitistheninterpreted.Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconvertedintoavisualpattern.15.參考答案:錯誤16.參考答案:Accentreferstoawayofpronunciationwhichtellsthelistenersomethingaboutthespeaker’sregionalorsocialbackground.17.參考答案:D18.參考答案:B19.參考答案:B20.參考答案:Gradableantonymy;Complementaryantonymy;Converseantonymy.21.參考答案:Morphologyisabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.22.參考答案: Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsandcategories，suchas-ed，-(e)s，-estinEnglish.23.參考答案:root24.參考答案:D25.參考答案:B卷III參考答案一.參考題庫1.參考答案:Thoughtwhenitisclosetolanguage.2.參考答案:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.3.參考答案:正確4.參考答案:bilingualism5.參考答案:utterance6.參考答案:D7.參考答案:錯誤8.參考答案:正確9.參考答案:A10.參考答案:Thesentencestructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoriesofeachstructuralconstituent,suchasNPandVP.11.參考答案: Senserelationsbetweensentences: 1)XissynonymouswithY. 2)XisinconsistentwithY. 3)XentailsY.(YisanentailmentofX.) 4)XpresupposesY.(YisaprerequisiteofX) 5)Xisacontradiction. 6)Xissemanticallyanomalous.12.參考答案:Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalseorwithoutadequateevident;Avoidobscurityofexpressionandambiguity,bebriefandorderly.13.參考答案:Acomparativeproceduretoestablishlinguisticdifferencesbetweenlanguagesforteachingpurposes.14.參考答案:D15.參考答案:Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollowwhileparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules.Langueisabstract;itisnotthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,butparoleisconcrete;itreferstothenaturallyoccurringlanguageevents.Langueisrelativelystable.itdoesnotchangefrequently;whileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.16.參考答案:錯誤17.參考答案:polyglot18.參考答案:Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealphysicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.19.參考答案:C20.參考答案: Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethatgroupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructuralconstituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustratethecon