2024版高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)課件北師大版

語(yǔ)法專題突破第1講動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)內(nèi)容索引情境導(dǎo)入考點(diǎn)解讀技法圖解情境導(dǎo)入IamLiFan,chairmanoftheStudents’Union.Iam

writing①todrawyourattentiontosomeimproperbehaviourinourcampus:litteringandscribbling.Ithas

been

making②ourschooldirtyandunpleasant.Ialwaysfeel③ashamedwheneverIseethis.Itisclearlynotappropriateforastudenttolitterandscribbleabout.Recently,theStudents’Unionhas

set④upspecificrulesagainstsuchbehaviour.Ibelievethat,withthejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents,ourschoolwill

become⑤amoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.用法感悟①是

時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為:

。

②是

時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為:

。

③是

時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為:

。④是

時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為:

。

⑤是

時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)為:

。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行

am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行

have/hasbeen+現(xiàn)在分詞

一般現(xiàn)在

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

現(xiàn)在完成

have/has+過(guò)去分詞

一般將來(lái)

will+動(dòng)詞原形

考點(diǎn)解讀考點(diǎn)1

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

用法例句常常表示人的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有always,usually,often,sometimes,

everyday等。Iusuallydomyhomeworkintheeveningeveryday.我通常每天晚上做作業(yè)。在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’t

succeed.即使你不成功,他們也會(huì)支持你。表示客觀事實(shí)、真理、格言或者警句等。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)

用法例句表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與yesterday,lastyear,threeyearsago,theotherday等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Hearrivedatschoolat9:00amyesterday.他昨天上午九點(diǎn)到學(xué)校。3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)

用法例句表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或臨時(shí)做出的決定,常用“will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形”或者is/am/aregoingtodo,常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow,nextweek等連用。Itissaidthathewill

retirenextmonth.據(jù)說(shuō)他將于下個(gè)月退休。4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

用法例句表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Heis

playingbasketballontheplayground.他正在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。某些表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如go,come,leave,arrive,start,move等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或計(jì)劃要做的動(dòng)作。Johnaswellashissisteris

setting

offforTokyotomorrowmorning.約翰和他的姐姐明天早上要?jiǎng)由砣|京。5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

用法例句表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與yesterday,lastyear,threeyearsago,theotherday等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。MrsGreenwas

preparinglunchateleventhismorning.格林太太今天上午11點(diǎn)在準(zhǔn)備午餐。表示動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行,常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。Theteachercameinwhiletheboywas

readinganovel.那個(gè)男孩正在讀小說(shuō)時(shí)老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。6.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

用法例句表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Don’tphonemebetween5and6.We’ll

be

havingdinnerthen.五點(diǎn)至六點(diǎn)之間不要給我打電話,那時(shí)我們?cè)诔燥垺?.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

用法例句表示動(dòng)作或過(guò)程發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之前某個(gè)沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)出的過(guò)去時(shí)間,但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成,且結(jié)果仍對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。Inthelastfewyears,greatchangeshave

taken

placeinmyhometown.在過(guò)去的幾年里,我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能還要繼續(xù)下去。Hisfirstnovelhas

receivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小說(shuō)自上個(gè)月出版以來(lái)獲得了許多好評(píng)。用法例句下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):Ithasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since從句This/That/Itisthefirst/second/...timethat+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting/...+名詞+that+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This

is

the

first

time

that

I

have

madeaspeech.這是我第一次做演講。It

is

the

most

interestingnovelthat

I

have

ever

read.這是我所讀過(guò)的最有趣的小說(shuō)。8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)

用法例句表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有by,bytheendof,bythetime,until,before,since,后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句。Ihad

put

awaymycellphonebeforemyfathercameback.在我爸爸回來(lái)之前我已經(jīng)把我的手機(jī)收起來(lái)了。在hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...等表示“一……就……”的句式中,主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。當(dāng)hardly,scarcely,nosooner置于句首時(shí),主句要用部分倒裝。

No

sooner

hadtheyrushedoutofthehousethanitburntdown.他們剛從房子里沖出去房子就燒塌了。9.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

用法例句表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。Shesaidshewould

retirethenextyear.她說(shuō)她明年就退休了。Iwonderedwhatmysonwould

saythenextmoment.我想知道兒子緊接著會(huì)說(shuō)什么。10.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

用法例句常用來(lái)表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。Alltheseyearstheyhave

been

contributingarticlestoourmagazine.這些年來(lái),他們一直向我們雜志投稿。表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Wehave

been

seeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我們常常見(jiàn)面。小題快練

單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Pahlssonandherhusband

(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.

2.Thiscycle

(go)dayafterday:thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.

searched

考查時(shí)態(tài)。but后面的turned

up

nothing使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí),search是與之并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處描述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為,故也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。goes

考查時(shí)態(tài)。此處指這種循環(huán)日復(fù)一日地不斷持續(xù)下去,由冒號(hào)后內(nèi)容的時(shí)態(tài)可知這種情況是客觀性陳述,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband

(work)asavolunteerintheneighbourhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.

4.ItwasraininglightlywhenIarrivedinYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhoursearlier,I

(be)athomeinHongKong,withitschokingsmog.

was

working

考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知,此處強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

had

been

考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)前文的時(shí)態(tài)及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)A

few

hours

earlier可知,本句應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)2

動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1.不知道或沒(méi)有必要指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Attention,please!Ameetingwill

be

heldintheofficeat8:00amtomorrow.Everyoneis

expectedtoattendontime.請(qǐng)注意!明天上午八點(diǎn)在辦公室召開(kāi)會(huì)議。望大家準(zhǔn)時(shí)參加。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者Thewomanwas

takentohospital.那位女士被送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。3.動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者被較長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ)修飾Theideawas

supportedbythosewhowishedtomakemuchmoney.想掙許多錢的人們支持那個(gè)主意。[名師點(diǎn)津]含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)變化為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,may,must,haveto等)+be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。小題快練

單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Organicfarmersuseveryfewornochemicals.Organicmeat

(produce)withouttheuseofdrugs.

2.ConfuciusishonouredforsettingthetoneformuchtraditionalChinesemusicforthousandsofyears.He

(think)tobeagreateducator.

isproduced考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)上一句“Organic

farmers

use

very

few

or

no

chemicals.”可知,此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),再根據(jù)主語(yǔ)Organic

meat與謂語(yǔ)produce之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知,此處應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。is

thought

考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句表示孔子現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是一位偉大的教育家。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

3.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho

(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.

4.Mywashingmachine

(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.

had

been

trapped

考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。游客被困發(fā)生在被救之前,表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,因此要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

is

being

repaired

考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。洗衣機(jī)正在被修理,因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

技法圖解1.時(shí)態(tài)圖解

【例1】OnMondaysandFridays,sheworkedatacollegegivingstudentsguidancesothattheycouldhaveagoodchoiceofcareer.OnTuesdaysandThursdaysshehelpedoutasavolunteertogivefirstaidtopeoplewithouthomes.Andonweekendsshe

(teach)localkidswhoneededextrahelpwiththeirschoolwork.

分析:解本題時(shí)要運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境綜合判斷法。根據(jù)上文“On

Mondays

and

Fridays,she

worked

at

a

college

giving

students

guidance

so

that

they

could

have

a

good

choice

of

career.On

Tuesdays

and

Thursdays

she

helped

out

as

a

volunteer

to

give

first

aid

to

people

without

homes.”中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。taught

【例2】

Inthelast1