新教材英語學(xué)案Unit6第二課時(shí)Usinglanguage

第二課時(shí)UsinglanguageⅠ.詞匯初探1．forecastn.預(yù)測；預(yù)報(bào)vt.預(yù)報(bào)→forecast/forecast或forecasted/forecasted(過去式/過去分詞)2．grabv.獲取；抓住3．reliableadj.可信賴的；可靠的→reliablyadv.可靠地→relyvi.相信；依賴4．rescuen．&vt.援救；營救5．emergencyn.緊急情況；突發(fā)事件→emergev.發(fā)現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn)出來→emergentadj.緊急的6．typhoonn.臺風(fēng)7．claimv.(戰(zhàn)爭、事故等)奪去(生命)8．threatenv.威脅→threateningadj.恐嚇的；具有威脅的→threatn.威脅9．satelliten.人造衛(wèi)星10．preciselyadv.精確地，準(zhǔn)確地→preciseadj.精確的，準(zhǔn)確的Ⅱ.短語互譯1．省略；遺漏leave_out2．在路上；即將來臨on_the_way3．朝……前進(jìn)head_for4．遭受suffer_from5．inhistory在歷史上6．consistof由……組成7．resultin導(dǎo)致8．leadto導(dǎo)致；通向Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式1．It_isalsosaid_thatmiceandsnakesheadforsafergroundseveraldaysbeforeanearthquake，whiledogsavoidingthebeachmaybeasignthatatsunamiisapproaching.(P65)據(jù)說，地震前幾天，老鼠和蛇會(huì)前往更安全的地方，而狗避開海灘可能是海嘯即將來臨的征兆。2．On_hearingthenews，Chinawasquicktostartorganisingemergencyaid.(P65)聽到這個(gè)消息，中國很快就開始組織緊急援助。3．ByearlyMay,emergencyaidworth9.7millionUSdollarshad_been_donatedbyChina，withafurtherroundofemergencyaidtofollow.(P65)到5月初，中國已捐贈(zèng)了970萬美元的緊急援助，隨后將有新一輪的緊急援助。Ⅳ.語法初探——單句語法填空1．Whenwalking(walk)inthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.2．Doctorshavesaidthatasmanyas50%ofpatientsdon'ttakemedicineasdirected(direct)．3．Justnowthepatientopenedhermouthasifto_say(say)somethingtoherhusband.4．—WillyouleaveforAustraliaforvacationonMayDay?—No,wefinallydecidednotto.5．Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar'sengine.Ifso,_we'dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.1eq\a\vs4\al(reliableadj.可信賴的；可靠的)[教材原句]So,foraccurateandreliablepredictions，it'sbesttocheckanofficial，scientificreport.(P65)所以，為了準(zhǔn)確可靠的預(yù)測，最好檢查一份官方的科學(xué)報(bào)告。①Sheisreliableandshealwayskeepsherword.她可以信賴，她總是說到做到。[歸納拓展]relyvt.&vrelyon/upon依靠(同義詞dependon/upon)relyonit＋that從句指望；相信(某事)[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空/完成句子②Isthesourceoftheinformationreliable(rely)?③Don'trelyon/uponothersallthetime.④Youmayrely_on_it_thathewillpaybackallthedebts.你相信好了，他會(huì)償還所有債務(wù)的。2eq\a\vs4\al(rescuen.&vt.援救；營救)[教材原句]Internationalrescueteamssoonbegantoarriveinthecountry.(P65)國際救援隊(duì)很快就開始抵達(dá)該國。①Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.一些救援工人和醫(yī)生被困在了廢墟之下。[歸納拓展]e/gotosb.'srescue前來(去)救某人rescuesb.from...把某人從……中解救出來[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空②Wewereabouttoclosedownthebusiness,butthebankcametoourrescuewithahugeloan.③Thewholefamilywere_rescued(rescue)fromthefirelastnight.④Shediedtryingtorescueherchildrenfromthebigfire.

3eq\a\vs4\al(claimvt.&n.聲稱；主張；認(rèn)領(lǐng)；索賠；奪去)[教材原句]Causedbyexceptionallyheavysnowfallwithinashortperiodoftime，theydestroyedbuildingsandforests，andclaimedover256lives.(P66)由于短時(shí)間內(nèi)的特大降雪，雪災(zāi)摧毀了建筑物和森林，奪去了256多人的生命。[歸納拓展](1)claimtodosth./that...聲稱/主張做……claimtohavedonesth.聲稱做過某事Itisclaimedthat...有人主張……(2)makeaclaimforsth.要求；對……提出賠償要求layclaimto據(jù)理力爭；有權(quán)利去獲得[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空/完成句子①Heclaimedto_be(be)theownerofthecar.②Asthevictimintheaccident,IwillmakeaclaimfortheinjuriesIsuffered.③Doctorsclaimedto_have_discovered(discover)acureforthedisease.④It_was_claimed_thatsomedoctorswereworking80hoursaweek.據(jù)說有些醫(yī)生每周工作80小時(shí)。1eq\a\vs4\al(leaveout省去，刪去；漏掉；不考慮，忽視)[教材原句]Whathasbeenleftoutinsentences(a)and(b)？(P65)在句子(a)和(b)中省去了什么？[歸納拓展]leaveforsomeplace離開去某地leavebehind遺留，遺忘leaveoff停止；不再使用；戒除leavesb.alone不打擾某人，不管某人leavesth.aside不予考慮，擱在一邊[即時(shí)鞏固](1)寫出下列句中l(wèi)eaveout的含義①Incopyingthispaper,becarefulnottoleaveoutanyword.漏掉②Youcanleaveoutthepartsofthestorythatarenotinteresting.省去③Marytalkedtotheshygirlsothatshewouldn'tfeelleftout.忽視④Weleftoutthepossibilityofhisingtotheparty.沒考慮(2)介、副詞填空①Theyweresocarelessthattheyleftoutanimportantdetail.②Hewasleftbehindinphysicsafterhemissedthreeclasses.③Shewantstothinkthingsoutquietly,sowehadbetterleaveheralone.2eq\a\vs4\al(ontheway在路上；即將來臨)[教材原句]Unusualanimalbehaviour,forexample,canindicatewhetherit'scold，wetweatherthat'sonthewayorahot，dryperiod.(P65)例如，不尋常的動(dòng)物行為可以表明，是寒冷潮濕的天氣還是炎熱干燥的時(shí)期即將來臨。①Hestoppedforbreakfastontheway.他中途停下吃早點(diǎn)。[歸納拓展]alltheway一路上；一直；完全bywayof經(jīng)由；途經(jīng)bytheway順便說inaway在某種程度上intheway妨礙；擋路inthisway以這種方法innoway決不；無論如何都不(放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝語序)onone'swayto...在某人去……的途中l(wèi)oseone'sway迷路makeone'sway(to)．..朝……去[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子②Theyhavegotthreekidsandoneon_the_way.他們有三個(gè)孩子，還有一個(gè)尚未出生。③In_a_way,_I'malittlesurprisedheacceptedtheoffer.從某種意義上講，他接受了這個(gè)報(bào)價(jià)讓我覺得有點(diǎn)兒驚訝。④Don'tstandin_the_way.Moveasideandletmepass.不要擋著路，靠邊點(diǎn)讓我過去。3eq\a\vs4\al(resultin導(dǎo)致；致使)[教材原句]Winterstormsbroughtasmuchas7.9metresofsnowinthesouthofthecountry,resultinginthedeathsofabout4,000people.(P66)冬季風(fēng)暴給該國南部帶來了高達(dá)7.9米的降雪，導(dǎo)致約4000人死亡。[歸納拓展](1)asaresult結(jié)果asaresultof因?yàn)?；由于；作為……的結(jié)果withoutresult徒勞；毫無結(jié)果(2)resultfrom因……引起[巧學(xué)妙記][即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①Theterribleaccidentresulted_fromadriver'sdrunk-driving.→Adriver'sdrunk-drivingresulted_intheterribleaccident.那場可怕的事故是由一個(gè)司機(jī)醉酒駕車而引起的。②Theydepartedas_a_result_oftheendlessquarrels.＝Theirdepartureresulted_fromtheendlessquarrels.由于無休止的爭吵，他們分手了。③As_a_resultItotallychangedmyshape.結(jié)果我完全改變了我的形狀。eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5())Onhearingthenews,Chinawasquicktostartorganisingemergencyaid.(P65)聽到這個(gè)消息，中國很快就開始組織緊急援助。[句式分析]on＋v.-ing形式引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一……就……”。①Onseeingher,thekingimmediatelyfallsinlovewithher.一看見她，國王就愛上了她。[歸納拓展]“一……就……”的常見表達(dá)形式還有：(1)immediately,directly,instantly...(2)themoment,theminute,theinstant...(3)nosooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空②On/Uponarriving,Jimmyfoundalonglineofapplicantswaitingtobeinterviewed.③Irecognizedherinstantly(instant)Isawher.④Nosoonerhadshesaiditthansheburstintotears.省略在英語中，有時(shí)為了避免結(jié)構(gòu)上或內(nèi)容上的重復(fù)，并使上下文緊密連接；有時(shí)因?yàn)檎Z法的客觀要求，句子中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分不需要表達(dá)出來，這種現(xiàn)象稱為省略。一、簡單句中的省略1．祈使句中的省略(You)eearlytomorrow.(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.(You)Openthedoor，please.2．口語中的省略—Howisyourmothertoday?—(She's)Muchbetter.(Isthere)Anythingelse?3．感嘆句中的省略Whatfineweather(itis)!Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!Howwonderfulanidea(itis)!4．某些名詞的省略名詞所有格修飾的名詞若表示店鋪、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時(shí)經(jīng)常被省略。Imethimatthedoctor's(office)．我在診所見到過他。二、并列句中的省略1．后面的分句中與前面相同的部分常被省略，這種現(xiàn)象又稱為承前省略。Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.她貧窮但是誠實(shí)。Bobhasdonehishomework，butTomhasn't(donehishomework)．鮑勃做了他的家庭作業(yè)，可是湯姆卻沒有。2．有時(shí)并列句中的省略部分出現(xiàn)在前面的分句中，看完最后一個(gè)分句才能掌握全句的完整意義。Bobworks(inLondon)，andPeterlivesinLondon.鮑勃在倫敦工作，彼得住在倫敦。三、主從復(fù)合句中的省略1．賓語從句中的省略在賓語從句中，連詞that常省略，但當(dāng)有多個(gè)并列賓語從句時(shí)，只能省略第一個(gè)that。Iknow(that)sheisateacherandthatsheisanexcellentwriter.我知道她是一個(gè)老師，也是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的作家。2．狀語從句中的省略在一些狀語從句中，如果謂語動(dòng)詞含有be，從句的主語又和主句的主語一致，或者從句的主語是it，常常可以把從句中的主語和be一起省略掉。這種省略現(xiàn)象通常出現(xiàn)在以when，while，as，until，once，whether，if，unless，though，evenif，where等連詞連接的時(shí)間、條件、讓步、地點(diǎn)等狀語從句中。Hefellinlovewiththegirlwhile(hewas)onavisittoNewYork.他是在游覽紐約時(shí)愛上那位姑娘的。Hewillnotgotothepartyevenif(heis)invited.即使受到邀請，他也不去參加晚會(huì)。3．定語從句中的省略若引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，該關(guān)系代詞一般可省略。Thecar(which/that)hisfathergavehimasabirthdaypresentwasstolen.他父親送給他作為生日禮物的那輛汽車被盜了。四、不定式的省略1．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符號to。但若兩個(gè)不定式之間表示對比關(guān)系時(shí)，不能省略to。Hetoldmetostaythereand(to)waitforhim.他叫我在那兒等他。Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.新技術(shù)的目的是要讓生活更輕松自在，而不是讓生活更困難。2．某些使役動(dòng)詞，如make，let，have等和感官動(dòng)詞，如see,watch,notice,observe等后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式須省略to，但若這些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，則to不能省略。Mymotherwouldn'tletmegotoseethefilm.我媽媽不會(huì)讓我去看那部電影的。Hewasnoticedtoleavetheoffice.有人注意到他離開了辦公室。3．不定式to后面的內(nèi)容也可承前省略。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助動(dòng)詞用的have或be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have或be。Afterhecamebackfromthewar,hewasamereshadowofthemanheusedtobe.從戰(zhàn)場返回后，他就虛弱得不成樣子了?！狧aveyoutoldAnnaboutherfailureinthetest?—Yes，butIoughtn'ttohave(toldheraboutit)．——你告訴安關(guān)于她考試不及格的事情了嗎？——是的。但是我本來不該告訴她。4．介詞but,except(除了)前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的具體形式時(shí)，后面的不定式不帶to。Hecoulddonothingbutgiveintotherobber.他什么也不能做只能屈服于劫匪了。[即時(shí)鞏固]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Inthecaraccidentthechildwashurt，butthemotherkilled(kill)．2．—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—Losing(lose)herbicycle.3．Theresultsofthemedicalcheck-upsuggestedthatmyfatherwasinpoorhealth，sothedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)_give(give)upsmokingandtakemoreexercise.4．—Whydidn'tyouetomybirthdaypartyyesterdayevening?Youpromisedtoe!—Iwouldhave,_butIhadtolookaftermysister.5．Wewillhaveameetingthedayaftertomorrow,butwedon'tknowwhere.6．—Wouldyouliketogowithus?—Yes,I'dliketo.7．—Haveyougotanyparticularplansfortheingwintervacation?—Yes.Ifpossible,I'mgoingtovisitmygrandparents.8．Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceifleft(leave)inthewronghands.9．Haditnotbeenforourteachers,we'dneverhavebeenabletoenterthisuniversity.10．Girlsusedtotakefeweradvancedmathcoursesthanboysbutnowtheyaretakingjustasmany.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Whenyouarelisteningtoyourteacher，youmustbecareful.→Whenlistening_toyourteacher，youmustbecareful.2．Youshouldn'tetohispartyunlessyouareinvited.→Youshouldn'tetohispartyunlessinvited.3．Iboughttwobooksinthebookstoreandtheyareveryinteresting.→ThetwobooksI_boughtinthebookstoreareveryinteresting.Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Theteacherforecasted(預(yù)測)thatallofhispupilswouldpasstheexamination.2．Youcandependonitthatthenewsesfromareliable(可靠的)source.3．Theyweretryingeverypossiblemeanstorescue(營救)theminerstrappedunderground.4．Noneofushadseenanemergency(緊急情況)likethisandwewereallterrified.5．Heclaims(聲稱)thathehasgotoneoftheearliestBritishstamps,butnobodybelieveshim.6．Mi