中考英語復(fù)習(xí)+名詞課件

九年級英語復(fù)習(xí)課堂專練1---名詞1.Allthe______teachersand_______studentsarehavingameetingintheclassroom.women;girlB.women;girlsC.woman;girlsD.woman;girl2.Passmethe_______onthetable,please.Iwanttodopapercutting.A.chopsticksB.scissorsC.chopstickD.scissor2.Couldyoupleasegivemesome_______?Itriedseveraltimesbutfailed.opinionB.suggestionC.adviceD.message3.---__iscomingsoon.WhatshouldIgetformymother?----Howaboutarunningmachine?5.----Wouldyoulikesome______,Jack?---Yes,justalittle,please.appleB.bananaC.peachD.orangeWomen’sDayB.Woman’sDayC.WomenDayD.WomanDay名詞名詞的的分類名詞的數(shù)（可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞）名詞所有格名詞的功能名詞化知識1名詞的分類1.專有名詞：主要是指人名、地名、江河湖海名稱、書名、歌名、機(jī)構(gòu)名、月份、星期、節(jié)日或某一事物特有的名稱。2.普通名詞：是指一類人、事物、物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名詞。可分為四類：個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞。

Lucy;China;theGreatWall;May;JourneytotheWest個體名詞是指單個人或單個事物的名詞，通常是可數(shù)名詞，有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。host；kid；book等。集體名詞是指一群人或一些事物總稱的名詞。這些名詞通常形式上是單數(shù)意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，做主語的時候謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。people；family；police；cattle等。Thepolice_______(be)catchingthismurderer.警察正在追這個謀殺犯。物質(zhì)名詞是指無法分為個體的物質(zhì)、材料、食品、飲料、液體、氣體等名稱的詞。wood；bread；water；air等。抽象名詞是指人或事物的品質(zhì)、情感、狀態(tài)、動作的等抽象概念及學(xué)科、疾病等名稱的詞。honesty；love；hunger；celebration等。物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞通常是不可數(shù)名詞。are知識2名詞的數(shù)1）可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。單數(shù)名詞可與不定冠詞a/an連用。(1)規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則:構(gòu)成方式讀音例詞一般在詞尾加-s在清輔音后讀/s/在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/在t后讀/ts/在d后讀/dz/desk→desks書桌m(xù)ile→miles 英里student→students學(xué)生bed→beds床以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的加-es讀/iz/brush→brushes刷子watch→watches 手表以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,把y變?yōu)閕,再加-es讀/z/factory→factories工廠university→universities大學(xué)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,一般把f或fe改為v,再加-es讀/vz/wolf→wolves狼knife→knives 刀leaf→leaves 葉子thief→thieves小偷shelf→shelves架子【溫馨提示】以o結(jié)尾的單詞,多加-s。例如:radio→radios收音機(jī);photo→photos照片;piano→pianos鋼琴等。但potato→potatoes土豆;tomato→tomatoes西紅柿;hero→heroes英雄,這三個詞后要加-es。我們可巧記為“英雄愛吃西紅柿土豆（Heroeslikeeatingtomatoesandpotatoes.）”。(2)不規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則:有些可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)]有規(guī)則,不能在其后加-s或-es。不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式主要有如下幾種情況:①變內(nèi)部元音字母:man—men woman—womentooth—teeth foot—feetgoose—geese mouse—mice②詞尾加-(r)en:child—children ox—oxen③單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep

deerfish

④表示某國人的名詞復(fù)數(shù)Chinese—Chinese

Englishman—EnglishmenGerman—Germans口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面?！疽族e警示】①fish表示魚的種類時復(fù)數(shù)形式是fishes,表示條數(shù)而不強(qiáng)調(diào)種類時,單復(fù)數(shù)同形用fish。fish做“魚肉”講時，是不可數(shù)名詞。Therearemanykindsoffishesinthisriver.這條河中有很多不同種類的魚。Icaughtfivefishtoday.我今天捉了5條魚。②有一些名詞是成雙、成對出現(xiàn)的,這些名詞常用pair來修飾。apairofglasses一副眼鏡twopairsoftrousers兩條褲子apairofshoes一雙鞋threepairsofgloves三副手套apairofpants一條褲子apairofshorts一條短褲pants（褲子），trousers（褲子），glasses（眼鏡）等詞通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，這些詞本身在句子中作主語時謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果用pair來修飾時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由pair的形式來決定。Myglassesareonmynose.Apairofglassesisonthetable.Twopairsofglassesareonthetable.

2.不可數(shù)名詞。一般情況下可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如果想表示數(shù)量時,我們可以用名詞單位詞來表示,常用的單位詞有:piece,bit,bottle,cup,glass等。作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。apieceofadvice一條建議abitofbread一點(diǎn)面包threebottlesofwater三瓶水twocupsofcoffee兩杯咖啡aglassofmilk一杯牛奶Threebottlesofwaterareenough。三杯水足夠了。Waterisveryimportant.3.可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的特殊用法不可數(shù)名詞可用復(fù)數(shù)的情況物質(zhì)名詞用來表示不同類別時，可用復(fù)數(shù)。如teas各種茶，fruits各種水果，fishes表示各種魚。Therearemanykindsoffruitsinthestore.商店里有很多種水果。Therearemanyfishesintheriver.河里有很多種魚。重難點(diǎn)英語中部分名詞既是可數(shù)名詞又是不可數(shù)名詞，但是表達(dá)的意思有所不同。不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞room空間，地方aroom一個房間glass玻璃aglass一個玻璃杯paper紙apaper一份試卷/報紙、文件chicken雞肉achicken一只小雞fish魚肉afish一條魚work工作awork一部作品【即學(xué)活用】1.Wouldyoulikesome__________(tomato)fordinner?2.Weshoulddosomethingtostoppeoplefromkillinganimalsforfur,__________(tooth)andmeat.3.Pleasefinishyourfood.Therearemanyhungry__________(baby)intheworld,youknow.4.The_________(radio)intheshoparecheap.Youcanbuyone.5.Agroupof_____________(Frenchman)aretalkingwithtwo_________(Chinese).tomatoesteethbabiesradiosFrenchmenChinese4.Iboughtsomepencilsand__________(knife)forthepupilsthismorning.5.Mybrotherhadsomebreadandtwo______(bag)of_________(milk)forbreakfastthismorning.

6.Three_________(month)istoolongforme.Ican’twait.7.Mygrandfatherkeepstwo_________(pig)andthree_________(deer).knivesbagsmilkmonthspigsdeer知識3名詞的所有格1.’s所有格。構(gòu)成方法示例單數(shù)名詞一般在詞尾加’sThe______schoolbagisnice.那個女孩的書包很漂亮。以s結(jié)尾的名詞直接加’The__________officeisoverthere.老師們的辦公室在那里。girl’steachers’構(gòu)成方法示例不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加’sTherearemany__________booksintheshop.在這家商店里有許多兒童讀物。children’s構(gòu)成方法示例表示兩個人共有同一物,則只在后一個名詞詞尾加’s;如果兩個人分別擁有某物,則在兩個名詞詞尾后分別加’s(被修飾名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式)ThisisTomandPeter’sroom.這是湯姆和彼得共同的房間。TheseareTom’sandPeter’sshoes.這些是湯姆和彼得的鞋子。表示時間、距離、國家、地點(diǎn)和自然現(xiàn)象等無生命的名詞也可以在詞尾加’s構(gòu)成所有格today’spaper今天的報紙twohours’rest兩小時的休息2.of所有格用法示例表示無生命的東西thetopofthehill表示“有關(guān)、關(guān)于…”astoryofloveandhatred一個關(guān)于愛和恨的故事表示同位關(guān)系thecityofPisa比薩市表示部分與整體的關(guān)系thebottomofthesea海底themajorityofpeople大多數(shù)人表示抽象概念thecostofliving生活成本of后面跟含后置定語的名詞或表一類人或物的“the+形容詞”形式thehousingproblemofthepoor窮人的住房問題3.雙重所有格?！痵所有格和of所有格兩種所有格形式結(jié)合在一起,構(gòu)成了雙重所有格。agoodfriendofmine我的一個好朋友a(bǔ)friendofHenry’s亨利的一個朋友a(bǔ)photoofMaryaphotoofMary’sof所有格強(qiáng)調(diào)Mary本人的照片雙重所有格強(qiáng)調(diào)Mary擁有很多張照片，這是其中之一。Issheadaughterof_______(you)?yours【即學(xué)活用】1.Ilivenearthestation.It’sonlyaboutten______(minute)walk.2.MissBlackisafriend__________mymother’s.Sheoftenlooksaftermysister.3.InChina,wecelebrate__________(teacher)DayonSeptember10.minutes’ofTeachers’4.Theroomis__________(Lucy)and________(Lily).Itissmallbuttidyandnice.5.Tomorrowis_________(child)Day,andmysonwantsmetogohometoseehim.MayIhaveadayoff?6.Lilywenttothebookstorewithsomefriendsof_____(she)

LucyLily’sChildren’shers知識4名詞的功能1.作主語。_________teachesthemEnglish.我爸爸教他們英語。【易錯警示】特殊名詞,如表示度量、時間、距離、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞往往用單數(shù)。__________isenoughformetofinishthework.對我來說完成這項(xiàng)工作兩個小時足夠了。MyfatherTwohours2.作定語。Thereare_________________inHainan.海南有許多香蕉樹。manybananatrees【易錯警示】①名詞作定語時,一般用單數(shù)形式。ashoefactory

tomatoandeggnoodlespapertiger②有些名詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式作定語。aclothesshop

asportsmeeting③man,woman修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,將man,woman和名詞中心詞都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù):awomandoctor—twowomendoctors

aman

teacher—threementeachers【即學(xué)活用】1.Threeyears__________(have)passedsinceIcametothiscity.2.It’sharvesttime,theapplesonthe__________(apple)treesarebigandrednow.3.Thenumberofthedoctorsinthehospitalisabout200andtwothirdsare__________(man)doctors.hasapplemen4.—Wherearethe__________(boy)students?—Theyareplayingfootballagainstateamfromanotherschool.5.Thereisa__________(stone)houseonthetopofthehill.

boystone知識5名詞化1）名詞構(gòu)詞法——派生法后綴表達(dá)意義示例-er從事某事的人singer歌手;teacher教師-or從事某事的人visitor游客;inventor發(fā)明家-ese某地人Chinese中國人;Japanese日本人-ian精通……的人musician音樂家;magician魔術(shù)師-ist專業(yè)人員artist藝術(shù)家;scientist科學(xué)家后綴表達(dá)意義示例-ment性質(zhì);狀態(tài)development發(fā)展;apartment公寓-ness性質(zhì);狀態(tài)kindness善良;sadness悲哀-tion動作;過程relation聯(lián)系;protection保護(hù)-ing物品;事情meeting會議;building建筑物2）the+形容詞（表示一類人或一類食物）theyoung年輕人therich富人theblind盲人thenew新事物thegood善thetrue真thebeautiful美女/美麗的東西形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的名詞做主語，如果指人，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果指物或事件，謂語動詞則一般用單數(shù)形式。Thegoodisnotalwaysthetrue.善并非都真。The?old?are?more?likely?to?catch?cold?than?the?young.?老年人比年輕人更容易感冒。?【即學(xué)活用】1.Mysisterisanice__________(dance).Shedanceswell.2.The__________(music)haswrittenmanygoodpiecesofmusicforpeople.Wealllovehissongs.3.Georgetreatseveryonewith__________(kind)andwarmth,soeveryonelikeshim.dancermusiciankindness4.Mybrotherworksinabigcompanyandhisofficeisinatall__________(build).5.The_______(poor)needtobetakenspecialcareof.6.Theanimalsareindangerandtheyneedgood_____________(protect).7.I’mgoingtobea_________(science)tomakeourcountryricherandstronger.buildingpoorprotectionscientistJanuary一月

February

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August八月

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TheSpringFestival春節(jié)TheMid-AutumnFestival中秋節(jié)NationalDay國慶節(jié)Teachers’Day教師節(jié)Children’sDay兒童節(jié)TheDragonBoatFestival端午節(jié)Chinese

語文English

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數(shù)學(xué)history

歷史biology

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化學(xué)computerscience計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)名詞名詞的分類名詞的數(shù)名詞所有格名詞的功能名詞化專有名詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)’s所有格of所有格雙重所有格做主語做定語派生法the+adj.規(guī)則不規(guī)則Ilikemusicsomuch.Tome,lifewithoutmusicwouldbeboring.Iknowthatthisisnottrueforeverybody.Butmusicplaysanimportantpartin

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(people)life,whethertheyrealizeit

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not.TrytoimaginewhatmoviesorTVplayswouldbelikewithoutmusic.Iamsurethatmovieswithoutmusicwouldmakepeoplefeelbored.Musicgivesmovies3

(feel).Now,wehavebeenspeakingaboutmusicinitsmorecommon

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(mean)—thekindofmusicwehearintheconcerthall.Infact,wecandiscovermusicinoureverydaylifetoo—thesinging

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birds,thetickoftrains,thesoundofseawavesandsoon.Somusicmusthavemeaning

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everyone,insomewaysorothers.Andofcourse,ithasaspecialmeaningforthosewhohavespentalltheir

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(life)playingorwritingmusic.Wecallthosepeople8

(music).Musictakesusintoabeautifulworld,anditinspires(激勵)us.Itcanmakepeopleexcited,scaredandsoon.Some

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(piece)oflightmusiccanmakeyouquietandcalm.Somemusiccanbringus

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(happy)whilesomemusicmightmakeussad.people’sorfeelingsmeaningofforlivesmusicianspieceshappinessThereisaChinesestoryofanoldfarmerwhohadanoldhorsefor1

(farm).