中考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)十+主從復(fù)合句課件

中考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)十

主從復(fù)合句考點(diǎn)突破命題點(diǎn)一

賓語(yǔ)從句1.賓語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成規(guī)則及用法要素用法例句引導(dǎo)詞從屬連詞that本身無(wú)詞義，在從句中不作成分，只起連接作用，在口語(yǔ)中that可省略He

said

（that）

he

would

go

to

the

seaside.他說(shuō)他要去海邊。從屬連詞if或whether意為“是否”，不作句子成分，不可省略，句尾有or

not時(shí)用whetherHe

hasn't

decided

if

he'll

go

on

a

trip

to

Zhejiang.他還沒(méi)決定是否去浙江旅行。要素用法例句引導(dǎo)詞連接代詞（what/who/whose/whom/which等）在從句中作一定成分，如:作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等Do

you

know

who

he

is?你知道他是誰(shuí)嗎?連接副詞（where/when/why/how等）在從句中作狀語(yǔ)She

asked

me

where

I

bought

the

book.她問(wèn)我在哪里買的這本書(shū)。續(xù)表要素用法例句時(shí)態(tài)需要性原則：主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用所需要的時(shí)態(tài)I

don't

know

when

he

will

come

back.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。呼應(yīng)性原則：主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句相應(yīng)地用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)The

children

didn't

know

who

he

was.孩子們不知道他是誰(shuí)。特殊性原則：如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀真理和普遍事實(shí)，則不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)The

teacher

said

that

the

earth

goes

around

the

sun.老師說(shuō)地球圍繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。語(yǔ)序陳述句語(yǔ)序，即主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他Do

you

know

where

I

can

get

some

postcards?你知道我能從哪里得到一些明信片嗎?續(xù)表2.否定前移：當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think，believe，suppose等時(shí)，要將賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到前面的主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定形式，而賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。如：I

don't

think

he

will

come

with

you.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)和你一起來(lái)。用合適的引導(dǎo)詞填空。1.（2023遂寧改編）—Sandy,

the

Dragon

Boat

Festival

is

coming.Could

you

tell

me_______I

can

buy

some

sweet

zongzi？—Sure!

You

can

buy

some

in

Shihui

Supermarket.

It’s

not

far

from

here.where2.（2023天津改編）—Do

you

remember

______the

Jiefang

Bridge

opened

itself?—Sure.On

the

evening

of

Labour

Day.3.（2023武威改編）—Do

you

know__________there’s

a

restroom

around

here?—Yes,

there’s

one

here.

It’s

in

the

store.whenif/whether4.（2023揚(yáng)州改編）—I’m

wondering

_____

I

can

buy

the

air

ticket

at

a

low

price.—You

can

book

one

through

our

official

APP.how5.（2023武漢改編）This

famous

saying

“When

I

walk

along

with

two

others,

they

may

serve

me

as

my

teachers”

tells

us

___________

we

can

learn

from.who/whom6.（2023荊州改編）—Could

you

tell

us

_____

we

can

start

a

conversation

with

a

foreigner?—Talking

about

weather

is

a

common

way.how7.（2023涼山州改編）—Excuse

me,

do

you

know

__________

there

will

be

another

bus?

The

bus

has

just

left.—Yes.

The

next

bus

will

arrive

in

half

an

hour.if/whether8.（2023鄂州改編）—Could

you

tell

me

_______

I

can

get

something

to

eat?—Sure.

There’s

a

restaurant

down

the

street.where9.（2023成都改編）—Do

you

know

______

the

Dragon

Boat

Festival

is

this

year?—Sorry,

I

don’t

know

the

exact

date.when10.（2023宿遷改編）—I

wonder

___________

you

will

spend

the

coming

summer

holidays

with.—My

best

friend

James.who/whom11.（2023沈陽(yáng)改編）—Could

you

tell

me

_____

I

can

get

to

Shenyang

Imperial

Palace?—By

underground.how命題點(diǎn)二

狀語(yǔ)從句一、狀語(yǔ)從句的類別及連接詞1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞含義及用法例句before“在……之前”，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前She

always

washes

hands

before

she

has

meals.她總是在飯前洗手。after“在……之后”，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后He

became

a

doctor

after

he

graduated.他畢業(yè)后成為了一名醫(yī)生。連接詞含義及用法例句while“正當(dāng)……時(shí)；與此同時(shí)”，表示主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，且常用進(jìn)行時(shí)My

mother

was

cooking

while

I

was

doing

my

homework.在我做作業(yè)時(shí)，我媽媽正在做飯。續(xù)表連接詞含義及用法例句when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，表示主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生，從句中的動(dòng)詞可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以用終止性動(dòng)詞①Li

Ming

was

reading

when

I

came

in.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，李明正在讀書(shū)。②When

the

lights

went

out，I

lit

some

candles.燈滅后，我點(diǎn)燃了一些蠟燭。as“當(dāng)……時(shí)；一邊……一邊……”，表示主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或進(jìn)行She

listened

to

the

radio

as

she

washed

the

clothes.她一邊洗衣服一邊聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。續(xù)表連接詞含義及用法例句until主句是肯定式時(shí)，意為“直到……”，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Let's

wait

until

the

rain

stops.讓我們一直等到雨停的時(shí)候吧。主句是否定式時(shí)，常用not...until...，意為“直到……才……”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞He

didn't

go

to

bed

until

his

mother

came

back.直到他媽媽回來(lái)，他才去睡覺(jué)。續(xù)表連接詞含義及用法例句since“自……以來(lái)”，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)I

have

worked

in

this

company

since

I

graduated.自從我畢業(yè)，我一直在這家公司工作。as

soon

as“一……就……”，表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生。主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)I'll

tell

him

as

soon

as

he

comes

back.他一回來(lái)我就告訴他。續(xù)表2.條件狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞含義及用法例句if“如果”，主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，if引導(dǎo)的從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)If

it

doesn't

rain

tomorrow，we'll

go

to

the

park.如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。unless“如果不，除非”，unless可轉(zhuǎn)化為if...not...結(jié)構(gòu)。主從句時(shí)態(tài)與if用法一致Unless

it

rains，the

game

will

be

played.除非下雨，否則比賽照常進(jìn)行。連接詞含義及用法例句as

long

as“只要”，主從句時(shí)態(tài)與if用法一致As

long

as

you

work

hard，you

will

make

great

progress.只要你努力，你就會(huì)取得很大的進(jìn)步。in

case“如果，萬(wàn)一”，主從句時(shí)態(tài)與if用法一致In

case

we

fail，we

won't

lose

heart.萬(wàn)一我們失敗了，我們也不會(huì)失去信心。once“一旦，只要”，主從句時(shí)態(tài)與if用法一致Once

he

makes

up

his

mind，he

will

never

give

it

up.他一旦下定決心，就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)放棄。續(xù)表3.目的狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞含義及用法例句so

that兩個(gè)連接詞都有“以便，為了”之意，引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)中常含有may，can，could，would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多數(shù)情況可互換，但位于句首和逗號(hào)之后時(shí)，用in

order

that。當(dāng)主從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，in

order

that引導(dǎo)的從句可與in

order

to短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換①You'd

better

speak

louder

so

that/in

order

that

we

can

hear

you.你最好說(shuō)話大聲一些，以便我們都能聽(tīng)到。②He

gets

up

early

in

order

that

he

can

catch

the

first

bus.=He

gets

up

early

in

order

to

catch

the

first

bus.他起得很早，以便能趕上第一班公共汽車。in

order

that4.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞含義及用法例句though/although“雖然，盡管”，可與yet連用，不能與but連用，一般情況可以互換，但作正式用法時(shí)，常用although①They

are

generous

though

they

are

poor.雖然他們很窮，但他們很慷慨。②Although

it

was

late，they

were

still

working.雖然很晚了，但他們?nèi)栽诠ぷ?。even

though/even

if“盡管，即使”，不能與but連用We'll

make

a

trip

even

if/even

though

the

weather

is

bad.即使天氣不好，我們也要去旅行。連接詞含義及用法例句whatever/whenever/however/wherever“無(wú)論什么／無(wú)論何時(shí)／無(wú)論怎樣／無(wú)論在哪里”，引導(dǎo)的從句可換成no

matter+相應(yīng)的疑問(wèn)詞（no

matter

what/when/how/where）Wherever

you

go，I

will

go

with

you.=No

matter

where

you

go，I

will

go

with

you.無(wú)論你去哪里，我都會(huì)和你一起去。續(xù)表5.原因狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞含義及用法例句because“因?yàn)椤?，表示造成某種情況的直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，回答由why引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句，不能和so同時(shí)使用I

didn't

go

to

your

party

because

my

mother

was

ill.因?yàn)槲覌寢屔×?，所以我沒(méi)有去參加你的聚會(huì)。since“因?yàn)?；既然”，語(yǔ)氣比because弱，表示對(duì)方已知或眾所周知的原因，通常放在句首Since

everyone

is

here，let's

begin

our

meeting.既然大家都來(lái)了，我們就開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)吧。as“由于;因?yàn)椤?，語(yǔ)氣比since弱，所引出的原因在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)已經(jīng)很明顯或已為聽(tīng)話人所熟悉，引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句前后均可I

left

a

note

as

you

were

out.因?yàn)槟悴辉?，所以我留了一張便條。6.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞含義及用法例句so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，so修飾的中心詞是形容詞或副詞，結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+形容詞／副詞+that從句”，可以與“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)互換；當(dāng)名詞前有many，much，few，little

修飾時(shí)，用so，不用such，結(jié)構(gòu)為“so

many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that從句”或“so

much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句”①He

was

so

tired

that

he

couldn't

go

any

farther.=He

was

too

tired

to

go

any

farther.他太累了，不能再走了。②We

have

so

much

time

that

we

can

finish

the

work

on

time.我們有如此多的時(shí)間，能讓我們按時(shí)完成工作。連接詞含義及用法例句such...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，such修飾的中心詞是名詞，結(jié)構(gòu)為“such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+that從句”或“such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that從句”They

are

such

interesting

books

that

we

all

enjoy

reading

them.這些書(shū)很有趣，我們都喜歡看。續(xù)表7.方式狀語(yǔ)從句連接詞含義例句as“按照……的方式”You

must

do

the

work

as

your

boss

told

you.你必須按照你的老板告訴你的方式做這項(xiàng)工作。as

if/

though“好像……；似乎……”I

still

remember

the

trip

to

Hangzhou

as

if

it

happened

yesterday.我仍然記得杭州之行,就好像發(fā)生在昨天一樣。二、狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句和從句一般有以下兩種時(shí)態(tài)：1.“主將從現(xiàn)”：主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。如：I

will

go

swimming

as

soon

as

I

finish

my

homework.我一完成作業(yè)就去游泳。2.“主祈／情從現(xiàn)”：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。如：①Please

let

me

know

if

he

comes

back.如果他回來(lái)了，請(qǐng)告知我。②If

you

feel

hungry，you

should

eat

something.如果你餓了，你該吃點(diǎn)東西。用合適的引導(dǎo)詞填空。1.He’s

not

a

perfect

child.

He

sometimes

talks

back______his

parents

talk

with

him.2.___we

keep

our

hearts

open,

we

can

experience

the

happiness

friendship

brings

us.3.A

stupid

man

tells

a

woman

to

shut

up

while

a

wise

man

tells

her

that

her

mouth

is

quite

beautiful______it

is

closed.4.Good

friendships

are

not

easy

to

develop,but

a

friendship

can

last

forever___you

are

loyal

and

sincere.whenIfwhenif5.Finally,Monday

arrived.______

Monica

was

called

upon

to

give

her

speech,she

stood

up

and

walked

to

the

front

of

the

class.6.She

also

had

to

prepare

meals

for

the

whole

family___her

mum

did

before.7.The

colors

will

remain

on

the

children’s

hands___they

don’t

spend

enough

time

washing

them

off.8.（2023河南改編）I

was

just

leaving

my

house______I

saw

you

and

those

boys.9.（2023撫順改編）My

parents

won’t

allow

me

to

do

things

I

like_______I

finish

my

homework.10.（2023樂(lè)山改編）Many

people

all

over

the

world

want

to

climb

Mount

Qomolangma

each

year,_______it

is

very

dangerous.WhenasifwhenunlessthoughⅡ.（2023龍東改編）語(yǔ)法填空。

One

pleasant

evening,

I

was

holding

Grandpa’s

hand

11._____taking

a

walk

in

the

park.

“Where

are

the

peanuts?

Give

me

now!”

He

suddenly

said.

How

I

wished

I

had

some

with

me!

“Oh,

my

little

Tom,

the

monkeys

are

taking

long

to

come

out

today.

Wait

12.________they

smell

the

peanuts.”

I

knew

he

was

lost

in

one

of

his

memories

again.

I

remembered

the

stories

he

told

me

of

how

he

fed

the

monkeys

13.______

he

was

a

kid.

Then,

he

saw

the

goldfish!

He

acted

as

if

he

14.___________

（see）

them

for

the

first

time.andtill/untilwhenwas

seeing

Poor

Grandpa!

He

fell

ill

with

Alzheimer’s

disease

（阿爾茨海默氏?。?/p>

last

year.

The

doctor

said

it

was

a

lifelong

disease

which

could

destroy

a

person’s

memory.

The

patient

might

also

not

be

able

to

make

reasonable

judgements

（判斷）.

15._____when

my

parents

invited

him

to

stay

with

us,

he

turned

down

and

said

he

liked

living

alone.

One

day,

he

forgot

to

turn

off

the

fire

16._____

cooking

porridge.

Luckily,

one

of

the

neighbors

came

to

help

him

17._______

the

fire

could

spread.

It

was

then

that

my

parents

18.________

（bring）

Grandpa

to

live

with

us.

Often,

he

would

forget

my

name

and

ask

me

who

I

was

19._____

what

I

was

doing

in

his

house.

Each

time

I

would

answer

softly,

“It’s

me,

Tom,

Grandpa!”

He

had

forgotten

who

I

was,

20.____

he

would

always

be

my

beloved

grandfather.Butafterbeforebroughtandbut命題點(diǎn)三

定語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類。1.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系詞用法例句關(guān)系代詞which只能指物，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略Football

is

a

game

which

is

liked

by

most

boys．足球是大多數(shù)男孩都喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。關(guān)系詞用法例句關(guān)系代詞that可指物，也可指人，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略①A

plane

is

a

machine

that

can

fly.飛機(jī)是一個(gè)能飛的機(jī)器。（作主語(yǔ)，不可省略）②The

homework

（that）

I

finished

last

night

was

left

at

home.我昨晚寫完的作業(yè)落在家里了。（作賓語(yǔ)，可省略）續(xù)表關(guān)系詞用法例句關(guān)系代詞who只能指人，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略The

boy

who

is

standing

over

there

is

Tom.

站在那邊的男孩是湯姆。續(xù)表關(guān)系詞用法例句關(guān)系代詞whom（課標(biāo)未作要求）指人，在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，可以省略，有時(shí)也可以用who替代This

is

our

English

teacher

whom

everybody

likes.

這是我們大家都喜歡的英語(yǔ)老師。whose（課標(biāo)未作要求）可指物，也可指人，在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)This

is

my

deskmate

whose

father

works

in

a

factory.這是我的同桌，他的父親在一家工廠工作。續(xù)表關(guān)系詞用法例句關(guān)系副詞（課標(biāo)未作要求）when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)We

will

never

forget

the

days

when

we

stayed

with

Mr.

Smith.我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記和史密斯先生在一起的日子。where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)This

is

the

classroom

where

we

study.這是我們學(xué)習(xí)的教室。why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)This

is

the

reason

why

I

didn't

attend

the

meeting

yesterday.這就是我昨天沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議的原因。續(xù)表2.關(guān)系代詞中只能用that的情況（1）當(dāng)先行詞是all，none，little，much，some，everything，anything，nothing等不定代詞或被其修飾時(shí)。

例：Please

get

everything

ready

that

we

need.

請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)備好我們需要的一切。（2）當(dāng)先行詞前面有

the

only，the

very，the

last，the

same等修飾時(shí)。

例：He

is

the

only

person

that

I

want

to

see.他是我唯一想見(jiàn)的人。（3）當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

例：This

is

the

most

interesting

book

that

I

have

ever

read.這是我讀過(guò)的最有趣的書(shū)。（4）當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

例：They

talked

about

the

people

and

things

that

they

remembered

in

school.

他們談?wù)摿怂麄冊(cè)趯W(xué)校記得的人和事。（5）當(dāng)主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)應(yīng)用that。

例：Who

is

the

person

that

is

standing

at

the

gate？

那個(gè)站在門口的人是誰(shuí)？3.關(guān)系代詞中不能用that的情況

（1）介詞之后不能用that。

例：This

is

the

factory

in

which

we

once

worked.這就是我們?cè)?jīng)工作過(guò)的工廠。

（2）當(dāng)先行詞本身為that/those時(shí)。

例：You

must

find

out

those

which

may

be

ignored

by

us.你必須找到