cet4-圖表作文講解

CET-4圖表作文寫作2012.12月真題2012.12月真題2012.12月真題圖表作文提示部分包括圖表和文字要點(diǎn)提示兩部分。寫作內(nèi)容包括綜合理解、客觀詳述和主觀表達(dá)。圖表作文要求考生用文字材料把圖表中所提供的信息準(zhǔn)確、完整地表達(dá)出來。要求首先要仔細(xì)觀察并分析圖表，以及題中所給出的有關(guān)信息，比如，作文標(biāo)題，英文提綱、英文提示、英語(yǔ)關(guān)鍵詞等。在分析圖表時(shí)，要抓住與主題有關(guān)的信息，發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)的規(guī)律，充分利用圖表中的圖形、數(shù)據(jù)等來說明主題。但不要過多地引用數(shù)據(jù)，以免濫用數(shù)據(jù)。步驟：

1)認(rèn)真分析圖表的含義，弄清圖表中所含的信息及不同信息間的關(guān)系;

2)確定文章的主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章的基本框架，篩選出能說明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù);

3)編列文章的提綱;

4)根據(jù)文章的提綱，將各段的提綱內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展成段落，然后將各個(gè)段落組成文章，注意段與段之間的銜接與過渡;

5)檢查與修改。第一段、說明圖表

主題句＋圖表說明1＋圖表說明2＋圖表說明3第二段、說明引起變化的原因

主題句＋原因1＋原因2＋原因3第三段、說明影響或者提出解決辦法

主題句+建議+前景預(yù)測(cè)

圖表的類型主要有：圓形（餅型）圖（piechart）、柱形圖(直型圖)（graph）、曲線圖（chart）和數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)表(表格)（table）。描述：show;describe;illustrate;canbeseenfrom;clear;apparent;reveal;represent

內(nèi)容：figure;statistic;number;percentage;proportion

在寫作圖表作文時(shí)可以套用一些常用詞匯或表達(dá)方式，這將有助于寫出較為地道的圖表作文。①Ascanbeseenfromthetable(graph,form)...

②Fromtheabovetableitcanbeseen(concluded)that...

③Acarefulstudyofthetableshowsthat...

④Fromthechart,wemayhaveabasicunderstandingofthesituationof-----1.對(duì)于上升趨勢(shì)的描述：

a.可以使用的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組toincrease

togoup

torise

togrow

tojump

toleap

tosoar

toshoot

topickup

b.可以使用的名詞

anincrease

agrowth

ajump

asoar

anupwardtrend

2.對(duì)于上升到某個(gè)位置的描述：

a.動(dòng)詞＋to＋具體數(shù)據(jù)。

b.動(dòng)詞＋to＋thepeakof＋具體

c.topeakat＋具體數(shù)據(jù)

d.toclimbto+具體數(shù)據(jù)

對(duì)于上升的程度的描述：

a.動(dòng)詞＋by＋具體數(shù)據(jù)。

b.動(dòng)詞＋副詞。In2001,itincreased(wentup,rose)from5to15percentofthetotal(to15percent,by15percent).

eg.Thetotalamountof…(addedupto)14billionpounds(14%)in1994.Thetotalworkingdayslost(soaredto)10millionin1979.InAugustasmanyas39caraccidentswerereported,indicatingan(increase)ofabout79%ascomparedwiththenumberofJanuary.Tobaccoconsumptionis(experiencing)anincrease.

下降

a.可使用的動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞詞組

tofall

todecrease

togodown

toslide

tocollapse

todecline

todrop

b.可以使用的名詞

acollapse

adecrease

afall

adecline

adrop

2.對(duì)于下降到某個(gè)位置的描述：

a.動(dòng)詞＋to＋具體數(shù)據(jù)。

b.動(dòng)詞＋to＋thebottomof＋具體數(shù)據(jù)。

c.動(dòng)詞＋reachingthebottomof+具體數(shù)據(jù)。

d.動(dòng)詞＋reaching+具體數(shù)據(jù)。

3.對(duì)于下降程度的描述：

a.動(dòng)詞＋by＋具體數(shù)據(jù)。

b.動(dòng)詞＋副詞。Ithasdecreased(fell,dropped)abouttwice,comparedwith(ascomparedwith,asagainst)thatof2000.

對(duì)于百分比進(jìn)行描述所使用的句型：

……%the……is/has/have/are……

……accountsfor……%ofthetotal

……takesup……%inthewholechart

對(duì)于平穩(wěn)的趨勢(shì)的描述：可以使用的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組：tohardlychangetohavelittlechangetokeepsteadytoremainconstanttostaythesame

表示程度的副詞：

程度較大considerably

dramatically

greatly

markedly

obviously

quickly

rapidly

sharply

significantly

suddenly

2.程度較小

slightly

gradually

slowly

steadily

時(shí)間的嵌入

嵌入時(shí)間時(shí)所使用的介詞和介詞詞組：

in

from……to……

between…….??and……

during……and……

atthestartof……

bytheendof……

over……

attheendof……

throughout……

上升和下降趨勢(shì)的組合描述（嵌入了時(shí)間和程度之后）：1.先上升后下降的句型：

......increasedslowlyduring……and……butfellsharplyin…….

Asteadyfallin……during……and……followedthesharpincreasein…….

2.先下降后上升的句型：

…

fellbefore…begantomakearecovery…

……continuetherecovery,climbingto……

…droppedduring……butincreasedagainin…

……fellandthenpickupduring……

…collapsedbeforerisingto…attheendof…

3.起伏波動(dòng)的句型：起伏不定：togoupanddown/wave/fluctuate/beunstable/beinflexible…Thestrikeratewentupanddownduringtheperiodfrom1952to1967.有起有伏：Therebeupsanddowns…

Between1972and1979,therewereseveralupsanddownsin...

4.波動(dòng)不大，穩(wěn)定的句型保持穩(wěn)定，幾乎不變1.…toremainsteady/level/unchanged…

Therateof…remainedsteady(fairlylevel/almostunchanged)duringthefouryearsfrom1963to1967.2.…toleveloff(vi.)Afterasteadydeclineforawholedecade,the…rateshowssignsoflevelingoff.趨勢(shì)的比較

1.表示相似的句型

(實(shí)例)：

BothsharepricesrosesharplyinJanuary.

Neithercompanyhasmadeaprofityet.

LikeX,YfellinJune.

XrosejustassharplyasY.

2.表示差異的句型（實(shí)例）：

Xfellsharplywhereas/whileYremainedsteady.

XfellquicklycomparedtoY.

UnlikeY,Xroseby10%.

XrosefarmoredramaticallythanY.

3.表示倍數(shù)的句型：

the……doubled/tripledin……comparedwiththosein……

4.客觀比較的句型：…is……incontrastto……數(shù)據(jù)的修飾

1.表示不足的詞或詞組：

upto

below

under

almost

nearly

2.表示超過的詞或詞組：

over

morethan

justover

3.表示大約的詞：about

常用詞匯

占:occupy/takeup/accountfor/gain

而:while/however/whereas/ontheotherhand/actually/infact

相比:bycontract/onthecontrary/likewise/comparedwith

最高點(diǎn):thehighest/thetop/thesummit/thepeak/themost

最低點(diǎn):bottom/least/bottom

平均:mean/average

趨勢(shì):tendancy/trend/inclination

達(dá)到頂峰:mountto

成正比，反比

IndirectproportiontoIninverseproportiontoE.g.Thereisapositivecorrelationbetween...and...模板一

①總的趨勢(shì)②圖表具體描述③剖析圖表所揭示的含義④理由一

⑤理由二⑥理由三⑦總結(jié)Ascanbeseenfromthetable,thepastdecadehaswitnesseddramaticchangesin①______.

While②_______.Itisobviousfromthetablethat③_________.

Whatcontributedtothesechanges?Ithinkthereasonsareasfollows.Tostartwith,④______.Secondly,⑤______.What’smore,⑥_______.Lastbutnotlease,⑦_(dá)_______.

Inconclusion,⑧_________.Moreover,⑨________.

模板二

①描述圖表②分三方面解釋原因③下結(jié)論

1)Duringtheperiodfrom_______to_______,________rosefrom________to_______,while_______decreasedfrom_______to_______.

2)Webelievethatthreereasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.First,____.Second,____.Third,_____.

3)___.Wearehappytoseethatthingsarebecomingbetterandbetternowadays.Wecanimaginethat___.

圖表作文：大學(xué)生使用電腦情況（02年四級(jí)真題）1.上圖所示為1990年、1995年、2000年某大學(xué)生使用計(jì)算機(jī)的情況，請(qǐng)描述其變化；2.請(qǐng)說明發(fā)生這些變化的原因(可從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途、價(jià)格或社會(huì)發(fā)展等方面加以說明)；3.你認(rèn)為目前大學(xué)生在計(jì)算機(jī)使用中有什么困難或問題。StudentUseofComputerSince1990,therehasbeentremendousgrowthintheuseofcomputersbystudents.Whilein1990,theaveragenumberofhoursastudentspentonthecomputerwasaboutonehourperweek,thisnumbergrewtonearlyfourhoursperweekby1995,andtoapproximately20hoursperweekbytheyear2000.Thissignificantgrowthintheuseofcomputersbystudentsinthe1990’scanbeattributedtoseveralfactors,includingwidespreadusage,lowerprices,andtechnologicalandsocialdevelopments.Nowadays,computersarewidelyusedbystudentsforwordprocessing,bookkeeping,multimediapresentations,andaccesstotheInternetforbothresearchandcommunications.Additionally,since1990,duetocompetitionandtechnologicaladvances,computerhardwareandsoftwareprices,aswellasInternetusagechargeshavedroppedsignificantly.Finally,technologicaldevelopmentsandchangesinsocialhabitsinthe1990’shaveplayedamajorroleinthistremendousgrowthintheuseofcomputers.Today’ssocietyreliesheavilyoncomputersforimmediateaccesstothenewsandforentertainment,including,listeningtomusic,watchingmoviesandsportevents,andplayingcomputergames.Whilecomputersareofgreatassistancetothestudents,andtherefore,areindispensabletools,theyalsoposesomechallenges.Thebiggestchallengethatmanystudentsfaceisdisciplineintheuseofthispowerfuldevice.Thatis,studentsneedtohavethedisciplineofnotallowingthemselvestobeluredbytheentertainingaspectsofthiswonderfultool—aspectsthatcanresultinaddictiontocomputergamesorviewingofundesirablematerialontheInternet.Thatistosay,studentsneedtousethispowerfultoolwithgreatwisdom!Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan100wordsonIncomeSourcesbetweenChineseandAmericanStudents.Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Writethreeparagraphsto:

1.DescribethedifferencesoftheincomesourcesbetweenChineseandAmericanstudents.

2.Analyzepossiblereasonsforthesedifferences.

3.Predicatefuturetendency.

IncomeSourcesbetweenChineseandAmericanStudents

SourceofIncomePercentageofTotalIncomeParents

Part-timejobFellowshiporScholarshipAmericanStudents50%35%15%ChineseStudents

90%5%5%DescribethedifferencesoftheincomesourcesbetweenChineseandAmericanstudents.Analyzepossiblereasonsforthesedifferences.Predicatefuturetendency.Ascanbeseenfromthetable,incomesourcesofChinesestudentsarequitedifferentfromthoseofAmericanstudents.InChina,studentsget90%oftheirmoneyfromtheirparentswhileinAmerica,only50%ofstudents’moneyisprovidedbyparents.Inaddition,Chinesestudentsearnonly5%oftheirmoneyfromparttimejobsand5%fromfellowshiporscholarshipwhileincomefromthesetworesourcesforAmericanstudentstakesup35%and15%respectivelyoftheirtotalincomeIthinkthereareprobablythreereasonsfortheirdifferences.First,becauseoftheinfluenceofdifferentsocialandfamilyvalues,ChinesestudentshaveformedthehabitofaskingformoneyfromtheirparentswhileAmericanstudentshavedevelopedmoresenseofbeingfinanciallyindependent.Second,mostChineseparentsdevotetoomuchcaretotheirchildrenandtheywouldrathersaveuptoaffordtheirchildren’seducationratherthanencouragethemtotakepart-timejobs.ButinAmerica,manyparentspaymoreattentiontodevelopingthestudents’abilityofself-reliance,sotheyencouragetheirchildrentofindpart-timejobtoearnsomemoneybythemselves.Third,sinceAmericaismoredevelopedthanChina,itisrelativelyeasyforstudentstofindparttimejobs.InChina,suchopportunitiesareratherrare.

IbelievewiththedevelopmentofChina,moreandmoreChinesestudentswillrealizeandpaymoreattentiontothenecessityofselfdependence.Inaddition,moreandmoreopportunitieswillbeprovidedforthemtotakepart-timejobs.Somorestudentswillgooutoftheivorytowertobroadentheirknowledgeandtobecomethemasteroftheirownlives.

［實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練］

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicPeopleBelowPovertyLine.

1、下圖所示為1978年，1985年1997年中國(guó)貧困線以下人口的變化情況，請(qǐng)先描述其變化。

2、請(qǐng)說明發(fā)生這些變化的原因（可從改革開放、高科技在生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用等）

3、你認(rèn)為解決目前中國(guó)貧困人口還有什么困難或者問題。

第一段：說明圖表

開篇句：Asthebarchartshows,____duringtheyearsof____to____.

擴(kuò)展句：1、Asearlyas_____.

2、Then_____yearslater,____.

3、Andarrivingintheyear____,____.

第一段：說明圖表

開篇句：Asthebarchartshows,thenumberofpeoplebelowthepoverty

linedecreaseddramaticallyduringtheyearsfrom1978to1997.

擴(kuò)展句：1、Asearlyas1978,about250millionpeoplewereunderthepovertyline.

2、Then

sevenyearslater,thenumberbecamethreefifthsthatof1978.

3、Andarrivingintheyear1997,thenumberwasreducedto50millions.

第二段：解釋圖表變化原因

主題句：Severalfactorscontributeto_____.

擴(kuò)展句：1、______.(原因1)

2、And______.(原因2)

3、Furthermore,______(原因3)

4、Alltheseresultin____.

第二段：解釋圖表變化原因

主題句：Severalfactorscontributetothesharpdecreaseofthebelow-povertypopulation.

擴(kuò)展句：1、Thereformandopeningfollowing1978enabledthepeasantstobecomemuchbetteroff.(原因1)

2、AndwiththedevelopmentofChineseeconomy,thatpolicyalsoimprovedcitydwellers'livesgreatly.(原因2)

3、Furthermore,

thehigh-techintroducedmadeitpossibleforthecountry'seconomyasawholetotakeoff.(原因3)

4、AlltheseresultinthegreatfalloftheChinesepopulationbelowthepovertyline.

第三段：提出解決辦法

結(jié)尾句：

However,____isfacedwithsomeproblems.

擴(kuò)展句：1、With_____,____,theeffectofwhichisnotonlydiscouraging,butalsochallenging.2、Somyprincipleistopaydueattentionto___,butnotjustto____.

第三段：提出解決辦法

結(jié)尾句：

However,

afurtherdecreaseinthe

numberofpoverty-strickenpeople

isfacedwithsomeproblems.

擴(kuò)展句：1、Withquitefewemployeesbeinglaidoff,theeffectofwhichisnotonl