計算機專業(yè)英語教程

ComputerProfessionalEnglishTutorial目錄OverviewofComputerProfessionalEnglishFundamentalsofComputerHardwareFundamentalsofComputerSoftwareNetworkCommunicationandInternetApplications目錄ProgrammingdevelopmentandalgorithmdesignDatabaseManagementandDataMining01OverviewofComputerProfessionalEnglishGlobalCommunicationComputerprofessionalEnglishisessentialforeffectivecommunicationintheglobalITindustry,whereEnglishisthelinguafrancaTechnicalDocumentationMosttechnicaldocumentation,suchasprogramminglanguagespecifications,softwaredevelopmentkits(SDKs),andAPIdocumentation,arewritteninEnglishCareerAdvancementProficiencyincomputerprofessionalEnglishcanenhancecareeropportunitiesandadvancement,asitdemonstratesacommitmenttoprofessionaldevelopmentandtheabilitytoworkinaglobalenvironmentTheImportanceofComputerProfessionalEnglishTechnicalVocabulary01ComputerprofessionalEnglishincludesarichvocabularyoftechnicaltermsspecifictothefieldofcomputingAbbreviationsandAcronyms02ThelanguageofcomputingisfullofAbbreviationsandAcronymsthatarewidelyusedtorepresentcomplexconceptsandtechnologiesFormalandObjectiveLanguage03ComputerprofessionalEnglishtenstouseformalandobjectivelanguagetoconfirmtechnicalinformationaccuratelyandunambiguouslyTheCharacteristicsofComputerProfessionalEnglishLearningobjectivesandrequirementsMasterTechnicalVocabulary:Acquireasolidunderstandingofthetechnicalvocabularyusedincomputing,includingtermsrelatedtohardware,software,networking,andsecurityDevelopReadingSkills:ImprovereadingcomprehensionskillstounderstandcomplextechnicaldocumentationwritteninEnglishPracticeWritingSkills:Enhancewritingskillstoproductclear,condition,andaccuratetechnicalreportsanddocumentationinEnglishEnhanceListeningandSpeakingSkills:Developlisteningandspeakingskillstoeffectivelycommunicatewithcolleagues,clients,andotherstakeholdersintheglobalITindustry02FundamentalsofComputerHardwareComputercompositionandstructureSystemUnit(Case)Containstheelectroniccomponentsthatmakeupthecomputer,soasthemotherboard,CPU,andmemoryMotherboardThemaincircuitboardinacomputer,whichholdstheCPU,memory,andotherimportantcomponentsBusAcommunicationsystemthattransfersdatabetweencomponentsinacomputerPortsandConnectorsUsedtoconnectperipheralssuchaskeyboards,mice,andmonitorstothecomputerThe"brain"ofthecomputer,responsibleforexecutinginstructionsandperformingcalculationsMicroprocessorMeasuresthespeedoftheCPU,typicallyingigahertz(GHz)ClockSpeedMultipleprocessingunitswithinasingleCPUchipthatcanhandlemultipletaskssimultaneouslyCoresAsmallamountofhighspeedmemorybuildintotheCPUthattemporarystoresfrequentlyaccesseddataCacheMemoryCentralProcessingUnit(CPU)HardDiskDrive(HDD)AtraditionalstoragedevicethatusesmagneticdiskstostoredataAnewtypeofstoragedevicethatusesflashmemorychipstostoredata,resultinginfastread/writespeedsandimproveddurabilityDevicesthatreadandwritedatausinglight,suchasCD-ROM,DVD,andBluraydrivesPortablestoragedevicesthatplugintoacomputer'sUSBportSolidStateDrive(SSD)OpticalDriversUSBFlashDriversStoragedevicesandtechnologyKeyboardAninputdeviceusedtoentertextandcommandsintoacomputerMouseAninputdeviceusedtonavigateandselectitemsonacomputerscreenMonitorAnoutputdevicethatdisplaysthecomputer'sgraphicaluserinterfaceandothervisualinformationPrintersOutputdevicesthatproducehardcopiesofdocumentsandimagesfromacomputer01020304Input/outputdevices03FundamentalsofComputerSoftwareOverviewandfunctionsoftheoperatingsystem01Providesauserinterfacetocontactwiththecomputerhardwareandsoftware02Managecomputerresources,suchasmemory,processortime,anddiskspace03Ensuresthesecurityandstabilityofthesystembycontrollingaccesstoresourcesandpreventingunauthorizedactivities04SupportsmultipleapplicationsrunningconcurrentlyonthesystemHighlevelprogramminglanguages,suchasPython,Java,andC,whichareeasytounderstandandwritecodeincomparedtolowlevellanguagesVersioncontrolsystems,suchasGit,whichallowsdeveloperstotrackchangestocodeovertimeandcollaborateonprojectsAutomationtools,suchasJenkinsandTravisCI,whichhelpautomatethesoftwaredevelopmentlifecycleIntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments(IDEs)thatprovideasingleinterfaceforwriting,testing,anddebuggingcodesProgramminglanguagesandsoftwaredevelopmenttoolsStores,retries,definitions,andmanagementdatainadatabaseSupportsmultipleuserscurrentlyaccessingthedatabaseProvideawaytoorganize,access,andmanipulatelargeamountsofdataeffectivelyEnsuresdataintegrityandsecuritybycontrollingaccesstodataandpreventingunauthorizedchangesDatabaseManagementSystem(DBMS)FirewallstopreventunauthorizedaccesstothenetworkEncryptiontechnologytoprotectdataintransitandatrestIntrusiondetectionandpreventionsystemstoidentifyandrespondtothreatsIdentityandaccessmanagementtocontrolwhocanaccessnetworkresourcesNetworkSecurityandProtectionTechnology04NetworkCommunicationandInternetApplicationsPrinciplesandprotocolsofnetworkcommunicationExamininghowdataisformattedandtransmittedacrossnetworksDataencapsulationanddeencapsulationUnderstandingthesevenlayersoftheOpenSystemsInterconnectionmodelandtheirfunctionsinnetworkcommunicationOSImodelExploringtheTransmissionControlProtocol/InternetProtocolsuiteanditsroleininternetcommunicationTCP/IPprotocolsuite03InternetaccesstechnologiesExaminingvariousmethodsofconnectingtotheinternetasDSL,cable,satellite,andfiberoptics01LANtechnologiesInvestigatingLocalAreaNetworktechnologiessuchasEthernet,WiFi,andBluetooth02WANtechnologiesExploringWideAreaNetworktechnologiesincludingMPLS,framerelay,andATMLAN,WAN,andInternetaccesstechnologies010203CloudcomputingUnderstandingtheconceptsandservicesofcloudcomputingsuchasSaaS,PaaS,andIaaSBigdataExploringthechallengesandopportunitiesofworkingwithlargevolumesofdata,includingdataminingandanalyticsArtisticintelligenceInvestigatingtheuseofAIinnetworkcommunicationandinternetapplications,includingmachinelearning,naturallanguageprocessing,andintelligentagentsCloudcomputing,bigdata,andartisticintelligenceapplications05ProgrammingdevelopmentandalgorithmdesignIntroductiontoProgrammingDevelopmentEnvironmentandToolsIntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments(IDEs):ExplaintheconceptandpurposeofIDEs,comparepopularIDEssuchasVisualStudio,Eclipse,andIntelliJIDEA,anddiscusstheirfeaturesandadvantagesCodeEditors:Discusstheroleofcodeeditorsinprogrammingdevelopment,comparepopularcodeeditorssuchasSublimeText,Atom,andVSCode,andexplaintheirkeyfeaturesandusesVersionControlSystems:Introducetheconceptofversioncontrol,explainthebenefitsofusingversioncontrolsystemssuchasGit,anddemonstratehowtouseGitforcollaborationandcodemanagementDebuggingTools:Discusstheimportanceofdebugginginprogramming,introducecommondebuggingtoolsandtechniques,andexplainhowtousethemtoidentifyandfixerrorsincodeFundamentalsofDataStructureandAlgorithmDesignBasicDataStructures:Explaintheconceptofdatastructures,introducecommondatastructuressuchasarrays,linkedlists,stacks,andqueues,anddiscusstheirusesandlimitationsAdvancedDataStructures:Introducemorecomplexdatastructuressuchastrees,graphs,andhashtables,explaintheirprinciplesandapplications,anddiscusstheiradvantagesanddisadvantagesAlgorithmDesignTechniques:Discussionscommonalgorithmdesigntechniquessuchasrecurrence,dynamicprogramming,anddivideandconquer,andexplainhowtoapplythemtosolvepracticalproblemsComplexityAnalysis:Introducetheconceptoftimecomplexityandspacecomplexity,explainhowtoanalyzetheefficiencyofalgorithmsusingBigOnotation,anddiscusstheimportanceofalgorithmoptimizationTheideasandmethodsofobjectorientedprogrammingObjectOrientedProgrammingConcepts:Explainthebasicconceptsofobjectorientedprogramming(OOP),includingobjects,classes,inheritance,encapsulation,polymorphism,andabstractionDesignPatternsinOOP:IntroducecommondesignpatternsinOOPsuchassinglepattern,factorypattern,observerpattern,andstrategypatternDiscussionstheirobjectives,implementations,andusesinpracticalapplicationsObjectOrientedAnalysisandDesign(OOAD):DiscusstheprinciplesandpracticesofOOAD,includingrequirementsanalysis,classmodeling,interactionmodeling,andsystemdesignExplainhowtoapplyOOA