自閉癥兒童康復路徑國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀

自閉癥兒童康復路徑國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle自閉癥，也被稱為孤獨癥，是一種復雜的神經(jīng)發(fā)育障礙，表現(xiàn)為社交互動和溝通能力的缺陷，以及重復的行為模式、興趣或活動。近年來，隨著自閉癥兒童數(shù)量的不斷增加，自閉癥康復路徑的研究逐漸成為國內(nèi)外學者關(guān)注的焦點。本文旨在綜述自閉癥兒童康復路徑的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，以期為自閉癥兒童的康復提供更為科學和有效的指導。Autism,alsoknownasautism,isacomplexneurodevelopmentaldisordercharacterizedbydeficitsinsocialinteractionandcommunicationabilities,aswellasrepetitivebehaviorpatterns,interests,oractivities.Inrecentyears,withtheincreasingnumberofchildrenwithautism,researchonautismrehabilitationpathwayshasgraduallybecomeafocusofattentionforscholarsbothdomesticallyandinternationally.Thisarticleaimstoreviewthecurrentresearchstatusofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautismbothdomesticallyandinternationally,inordertoprovidemorescientificandeffectiveguidancefortherehabilitationofchildrenwithautism.本文首先將對自閉癥的定義、診斷標準和康復路徑的基本理念進行概述，以便為后續(xù)的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀分析提供理論基礎(chǔ)。隨后，本文將分別介紹國內(nèi)外在自閉癥兒童康復路徑研究方面的主要成果和進展，包括康復路徑的構(gòu)建、實施策略、效果評估等方面。通過對國內(nèi)外研究的對比分析，本文旨在揭示自閉癥兒童康復路徑的發(fā)展趨勢和研究熱點，同時指出當前研究中存在的問題和不足。Thisarticlewillfirstprovideanoverviewofthedefinition,diagnosticcriteria,andbasicconceptsofrehabilitationpathwaysforautism,inordertoprovideatheoreticalbasisforsubsequentanalysisofdomesticandinternationalresearchstatus.Subsequently,thisarticlewillintroducethemainachievementsandprogressintheresearchofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautismbothdomesticallyandinternationally,includingtheconstructionofrehabilitationpathways,implementationstrategies,andeffectivenessevaluation.Throughcomparativeanalysisofdomesticandforeignresearch,thisarticleaimstorevealthedevelopmenttrendsandresearchhotspotsofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautism,whilepointingouttheproblemsandshortcomingsincurrentresearch.本文將對未來的研究方向進行展望，以期為自閉癥兒童康復路徑的進一步優(yōu)化和發(fā)展提供參考。希望通過本文的綜述，能夠為自閉癥兒童的康復工作提供有益的啟示和幫助。Thisarticlewillprovideprospectsforfutureresearchdirections,inordertoprovidereferenceforfurtheroptimizationanddevelopmentofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautism.Ihopethatthisreviewcanprovideusefulinsightsandassistancefortherehabilitationofchildrenwithautism.二、自閉癥兒童康復路徑概述OverviewofRehabilitationPathwaysforChildrenwithAutism自閉癥兒童康復路徑是一種系統(tǒng)性、多學科協(xié)同干預的策略，旨在為自閉癥兒童提供全方位、個性化的康復治療服務(wù)。這一路徑強調(diào)以兒童為中心，結(jié)合醫(yī)學、教育、心理、社會等多領(lǐng)域的知識和技能，通過綜合評估、制定康復計劃、實施干預和定期評估調(diào)整等步驟，幫助自閉癥兒童在認知、情感、社交、語言和行為等方面取得進步。Therehabilitationpathwayforchildrenwithautismisasystematicandmultidisciplinarycollaborativeinterventionstrategyaimedatprovidingcomprehensiveandpersonalizedrehabilitationtreatmentservicesforchildrenwithautism.Thispathemphasizeschildcenteredness,combiningknowledgeandskillsfrommultiplefieldssuchasmedicine,education,psychology,andsociety.Throughcomprehensiveevaluation,developmentofrehabilitationplans,implementationofinterventions,andregularevaluationandadjustment,ithelpschildrenwithautismmakeprogressincognitive,emotional,social,language,andbehavioralaspects.在國外，自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究與實踐起步較早，已經(jīng)形成了較為完善的理論體系和實踐模式。例如，美國、歐洲等地的康復機構(gòu)通常會采用跨學科團隊合作的方式，為自閉癥兒童提供包括語言治療、行為療法、心理治療、物理治療等在內(nèi)的綜合治療服務(wù)。同時，這些地區(qū)還注重家庭參與，鼓勵家長積極參與孩子的康復過程，提高家長的康復技能和信心。Inforeigncountries,theresearchandpracticeofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautismstartedearlier,andarelativelycompletetheoreticalsystemandpracticalmodelhavebeenformed.Forexample,rehabilitationinstitutionsintheUnitedStates,Europe,andotherregionstypicallyadoptinterdisciplinaryteamworktoprovidecomprehensivetreatmentservicesforchildrenwithautism,includinglanguagetherapy,behavioraltherapy,psychotherapy,physicaltherapy,etc.Atthesametime,theseregionsalsoemphasizefamilyparticipation,encouragingparentstoactivelyparticipateintheirchildren'srehabilitationprocess,andimprovingtheirrehabilitationskillsandconfidence.相比之下，國內(nèi)自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究與實踐雖然起步較晚，但發(fā)展迅速。近年來，隨著國家對自閉癥兒童康復治療的重視和支持力度的加大，越來越多的康復機構(gòu)和專家開始致力于自閉癥兒童康復路徑的探索與實踐。這些機構(gòu)和專家在借鑒國外先進經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合國內(nèi)實際情況，逐步形成了具有中國特色的自閉癥兒童康復路徑。例如，一些康復機構(gòu)開始嘗試將中醫(yī)康復理念和方法融入自閉癥兒童康復治療中，取得了一定的成效。Incontrast,althoughtheresearchandpracticeofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautisminChinastartedrelativelylate,ithasdevelopedrapidly.Inrecentyears,withtheincreasingattentionandsupportfromthegovernmentfortherehabilitationtreatmentofchildrenwithautism,moreandmorerehabilitationinstitutionsandexpertshavebeguntoexploreandpracticerehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautism.TheseinstitutionsandexpertshavegraduallyformedarehabilitationpathforchildrenwithautismwithChinesecharacteristics,drawingonadvancedforeignexperienceandcombiningitwiththeactualsituationinChina.Forexample,somerehabilitationinstitutionshavebeguntointegratetraditionalChinesemedicinerehabilitationconceptsandmethodsintotherehabilitationtreatmentofchildrenwithautism,andhaveachievedcertainresults.總體而言，自閉癥兒童康復路徑是一個不斷發(fā)展和完善的過程。未來，隨著科學技術(shù)的進步和社會對自閉癥兒童康復治療的關(guān)注度不斷提高，相信自閉癥兒童康復路徑將會更加科學、系統(tǒng)、個性化，為更多自閉癥兒童帶來希望和福音。Overall,therehabilitationpathwayforchildrenwithautismisaconstantlyevolvingandimprovingprocess.Inthefuture,withtheprogressofscienceandtechnologyandtheincreasingattentionofsocietytotherehabilitationtreatmentofchildrenwithautism,webelievethattherehabilitationpathforchildrenwithautismwillbemorescientific,systematic,andpersonalized,bringinghopeandgoodnewstomorechildrenwithautism.三、國外自閉癥兒童康復路徑研究現(xiàn)狀CurrentStatusofRehabilitationPathwaysforChildrenwithAutismAbroad在國外，自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究與實踐已經(jīng)取得了顯著的進展。這些研究不僅涵蓋了康復路徑的理論構(gòu)建，還包括了康復路徑的具體實施策略以及效果評估等方面。Significantprogresshasbeenmadeintheresearchandpracticeofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautismabroad.Thesestudiesnotonlycoverthetheoreticalconstructionofrehabilitationpathways,butalsoincludespecificimplementationstrategiesandeffectivenessevaluationofrehabilitationpathways.在康復路徑的理論構(gòu)建方面，國外的學者和專家通過大量的實踐經(jīng)驗和科學研究，形成了一系列的理論體系。這些理論體系注重自閉癥兒童的個體差異，強調(diào)康復路徑的多樣性和靈活性。同時，國外的康復路徑還注重跨學科合作，整合了醫(yī)學、心理學、教育學等多個學科的知識和方法，為自閉癥兒童提供全面、系統(tǒng)的康復服務(wù)。Intermsoftheoreticalconstructionofrehabilitationpathways,foreignscholarsandexpertshaveformedaseriesoftheoreticalsystemsthroughextensivepracticalexperienceandscientificresearch.Thesetheoreticalsystemsfocusonindividualdifferencesinchildrenwithautism,emphasizingthediversityandflexibilityofrehabilitationpathways.Meanwhile,rehabilitationpathwaysabroadalsoemphasizeinterdisciplinarycooperation,integratingknowledgeandmethodsfrommultipledisciplinessuchasmedicine,psychology,andeducation,toprovidecomprehensiveandsystematicrehabilitationservicesforchildrenwithautism.在具體實施策略方面，國外的康復路徑通常采用個性化的康復方案，根據(jù)自閉癥兒童的具體情況和需求制定針對性的康復計劃。這些康復計劃注重兒童的主動參與和社交互動，通過游戲、音樂、藝術(shù)等多種方式激發(fā)兒童的興趣和積極性。同時，國外的康復路徑還注重家庭參與，鼓勵家長積極參與兒童的康復過程，提高家長的康復技能和信心。Intermsofspecificimplementationstrategies,rehabilitationpathwaysabroadusuallyadoptpersonalizedrehabilitationplans,anddeveloptargetedrehabilitationplansbasedonthespecificsituationandneedsofchildrenwithautism.Theserehabilitationplansfocusonchildren'sactiveparticipationandsocialinteraction,stimulatingtheirinterestandenthusiasmthroughvariousmeanssuchasgames,music,andart.Atthesametime,rehabilitationpathwaysabroadalsoemphasizefamilyparticipation,encouragingparentstoactivelyparticipateinthechild'srehabilitationprocess,andimprovingtheirrehabilitationskillsandconfidence.在效果評估方面，國外的康復路徑通常采用多種評估工具和方法，對自閉癥兒童的康復效果進行全面、客觀的評估。這些評估工具和方法不僅包括標準化的心理評估量表，還包括觀察、訪談等多種方式。通過定期的評估和調(diào)整康復方案，國外的康復路徑能夠及時發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決兒童在康復過程中出現(xiàn)的問題，確?？祻托Ч淖畲蠡?。Intermsofeffectivenessevaluation,rehabilitationpathwaysabroadusuallyusemultipleevaluationtoolsandmethodstocomprehensivelyandobjectivelyevaluatetherehabilitationeffectsofchildrenwithautism.Theseevaluationtoolsandmethodsnotonlyincludestandardizedpsychologicalassessmentscales,butalsoincludevariousmethodssuchasobservationandinterviews.Byregularlyevaluatingandadjustingrehabilitationplans,rehabilitationpathwaysabroadcanpromptlyidentifyandsolveproblemsthatchildrenencounterduringtherehabilitationprocess,ensuringmaximumrehabilitationoutcomes.國外的自閉癥兒童康復路徑在理論構(gòu)建、具體實施策略和效果評估等方面都取得了顯著的進展。這些經(jīng)驗和方法為我國自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究與實踐提供了有益的借鑒和啟示。Significantprogresshasbeenmadeinthetheoreticalconstruction,specificimplementationstrategies,andeffectivenessevaluationofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautismabroad.TheseexperiencesandmethodsprovideusefulreferenceandinspirationfortheresearchandpracticeofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautisminChina.四、國內(nèi)自閉癥兒童康復路徑研究現(xiàn)狀CurrentStatusofRehabilitationPathwaysforChildrenwithAutisminChina在國內(nèi)，隨著自閉癥兒童數(shù)量的增加和社會認知的提高，自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究與實踐逐漸受到重視。近年來，我國政府部門、科研機構(gòu)、醫(yī)療機構(gòu)以及教育工作者等各方力量均積極參與到自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究與探索中。InChina,withtheincreaseinthenumberofchildrenwithautismandtheimprovementofsocialcognition,theresearchandpracticeofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautismaregraduallyreceivingattention.Inrecentyears,variousforcessuchasgovernmentdepartments,researchinstitutions,medicalinstitutions,andeducatorsinChinahaveactivelyparticipatedintheresearchandexplorationofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautism.政府部門出臺了一系列相關(guān)政策，推動自閉癥兒童康復服務(wù)的發(fā)展。例如，通過制定康復服務(wù)標準、提供康復資金支持、建立康復服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等方式，為自閉癥兒童康復路徑的構(gòu)建提供了有力保障。Thegovernmenthasintroducedaseriesofrelevantpoliciestopromotethedevelopmentofrehabilitationservicesforchildrenwithautism.Forexample,byformulatingrehabilitationservicestandards,providingrehabilitationfundingsupport,andestablishingrehabilitationservicenetworks,strongguaranteeshavebeenprovidedfortheconstructionofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautism.科研機構(gòu)在自閉癥兒童康復路徑研究方面取得了顯著進展。他們通過深入研究自閉癥的發(fā)病機制、康復機制等，提出了一系列康復理論和康復方法。同時，他們還積極開展跨學科合作，將心理學、教育學、醫(yī)學等多學科的知識與技能融入到自閉癥兒童康復路徑中，提高了康復效果。Researchinstitutionshavemadesignificantprogressintheresearchofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautism.Theyproposedaseriesofrehabilitationtheoriesandmethodsbyconductingin-depthresearchonthepathogenesisandrehabilitationmechanismsofautism.Atthesametime,theyactivelyengageininterdisciplinarycooperation,integratingknowledgeandskillsfrommultipledisciplinessuchaspsychology,education,andmedicineintotherehabilitationpathofchildrenwithautism,andimprovingtherehabilitationeffect.醫(yī)療機構(gòu)在自閉癥兒童康復路徑中扮演著重要角色。他們通過為自閉癥兒童提供診斷、評估、治療等一站式服務(wù)，幫助兒童制定個性化的康復計劃。醫(yī)療機構(gòu)還積極開展康復培訓、家長教育等活動，提高家長對自閉癥兒童的認知和理解，促進家庭康復環(huán)境的改善。Medicalinstitutionsplayanimportantroleintherehabilitationpathwayforchildrenwithautism.Theyhelpchildrenwithautismdeveloppersonalizedrehabilitationplansbyprovidingone-stopservicessuchasdiagnosis,assessment,andtreatment.Medicalinstitutionsalsoactivelycarryoutrehabilitationtraining,parenteducationandotheractivitiestoenhanceparents'awarenessandunderstandingofchildrenwithautism,andpromotetheimprovementofthefamilyrehabilitationenvironment.教育工作者在自閉癥兒童康復路徑中也發(fā)揮著重要作用。他們通過開發(fā)適合自閉癥兒童的課程、教材和教學方法，為兒童提供有針對性的教育支持。他們還積極推廣融合教育理念，鼓勵自閉癥兒童與普通兒童一起學習和生活，幫助他們更好地融入社會。Educatorsalsoplayanimportantroleintherehabilitationpathwayforchildrenwithautism.Theyprovidetargetededucationalsupportforchildrenwithautismbydevelopingcourses,textbooks,andteachingmethodssuitableforthem.Theyalsoactivelypromotetheconceptofintegratededucation,encouragechildrenwithautismtolearnandlivetogetherwithordinarychildren,andhelpthembetterintegrateintosociety.然而，盡管國內(nèi)在自閉癥兒童康復路徑研究方面取得了一定的進展，但仍存在一些問題。例如，康復資源分布不均、康復服務(wù)質(zhì)量參差不齊、康復路徑缺乏標準化和規(guī)范化等。因此，未來還需要進一步加強政府、科研機構(gòu)、醫(yī)療機構(gòu)和教育工作者之間的合作與交流，共同推動自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究與實踐發(fā)展。However,althoughtherehasbeensomeprogressintheresearchofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautisminChina,therearestillsomeproblems.Forexample,unevendistributionofrehabilitationresources,unevenqualityofrehabilitationservices,andlackofstandardizationandnormalizationofrehabilitationpathways.Therefore,inthefuture,itisnecessarytofurtherstrengthencooperationandcommunicationbetweenthegovernment,researchinstitutions,medicalinstitutions,andeducators,andjointlypromotetheresearchandpracticaldevelopmentofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautism.五、國內(nèi)外自閉癥兒童康復路徑比較研究Acomparativestudyonrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautismathomeandabroad自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究在全球范圍內(nèi)已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的關(guān)注。通過對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的比較，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管在康復路徑的具體實施上存在差異，但總體目標都是為了提高自閉癥兒童的生活質(zhì)量和社會適應(yīng)能力。Theresearchonrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautismhasreceivedwidespreadattentionworldwide.Throughacomparisonofrelevantresearchathomeandabroad,wecanfindthatalthoughtherearedifferencesinthespecificimplementationofrehabilitationpathways,theoverallgoalistoimprovethequalityoflifeandsocialadaptationabilityofchildrenwithautism.在國外，自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究起步較早，已經(jīng)形成了較為完善的康復體系。這些康復路徑通常包括早期診斷、個體化治療、多學科協(xié)作、家庭參與和社會支持等多個環(huán)節(jié)。在治療方法上，國外研究更注重個體化差異，強調(diào)根據(jù)自閉癥兒童的具體癥狀和需求制定針對性的康復計劃。國外研究還注重康復路徑的評估和反饋，通過定期評估治療效果，及時調(diào)整康復計劃，確?？祻吐窂降挠行浴nforeigncountries,theresearchonrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautismstartedearlierandhasformedarelativelycompleterehabilitationsystem.Theserehabilitationpathwaystypicallyincludemultiplestagessuchasearlydiagnosis,personalizedtreatment,multidisciplinarycollaboration,familyinvolvement,andsocialsupport.Intermsoftreatmentmethods,foreignresearchfocusesmoreonindividualizeddifferences,emphasizingthedevelopmentoftargetedrehabilitationplansbasedonthespecificsymptomsandneedsofchildrenwithautism.Foreignresearchalsofocusesontheevaluationandfeedbackofrehabilitationpathways,byregularlyevaluatingtreatmentoutcomesandadjustingrehabilitationplansinatimelymanner,toensuretheeffectivenessofrehabilitationpathways.相比之下，國內(nèi)自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究起步較晚，但發(fā)展迅速。近年來，隨著國家對自閉癥問題的重視和投入的增加，國內(nèi)研究在康復路徑的構(gòu)建和實施方面也取得了一定的成果。在康復路徑的構(gòu)成上，國內(nèi)研究通常包括醫(yī)學診斷、康復治療、教育支持、心理干預和社會融合等環(huán)節(jié)。在治療方法上，國內(nèi)研究也逐漸從傳統(tǒng)的單一治療模式向個體化、綜合性的治療模式轉(zhuǎn)變。同時，國內(nèi)研究還注重康復路徑的普及和推廣，通過舉辦培訓班、編寫教材等方式，提高康復人員的專業(yè)水平，推動康復路徑的廣泛應(yīng)用。Incontrast,theresearchonrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautisminChinastartedrelativelylate,buthasdevelopedrapidly.Inrecentyears,withtheincreasingattentionandinvestmentofthecountryintheissueofautism,domesticresearchhasalsoachievedcertainresultsintheconstructionandimplementationofrehabilitationpathways.Intermsofthecompositionofrehabilitationpathways,domesticresearchusuallyincludesmedicaldiagnosis,rehabilitationtreatment,educationalsupport,psychologicalintervention,andsocialintegration.Intermsoftreatmentmethods,domesticresearchhasgraduallyshiftedfromtraditionalsingletreatmentmodelstopersonalizedandcomprehensivetreatmentmodels.Atthesametime,domesticresearchalsofocusesonthepopularizationandpromotionofrehabilitationpathways,improvingtheprofessionallevelofrehabilitationpersonnelandpromotingthewidespreadapplicationofrehabilitationpathwaysthroughorganizingtrainingcourses,writingtextbooks,andothermethods.然而，國內(nèi)外自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究仍存在一些問題和挑戰(zhàn)。在康復路徑的構(gòu)建上，國內(nèi)外研究都面臨著如何更好地滿足自閉癥兒童多樣化需求的問題。在康復路徑的實施上，國內(nèi)外研究都需要進一步提高康復效果和康復質(zhì)量。在康復路徑的評估上，國內(nèi)外研究也需要加強評估方法的科學性和準確性，以便更好地指導康復實踐。However,therearestillsomeproblemsandchallengesintheresearchofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautismbothdomesticallyandinternationally.Intheconstructionofrehabilitationpathways,domesticandforeignresearchisfacingtheproblemofhowtobettermeetthediverseneedsofchildrenwithautism.Intheimplementationofrehabilitationpathways,bothdomesticandinternationalresearchneedstofurtherimprovetheeffectivenessandqualityofrehabilitation.Intheevaluationofrehabilitationpathways,domesticandforeignresearchalsoneedstostrengthenthescientificityandaccuracyofevaluationmethodsinordertobetterguiderehabilitationpractice.國內(nèi)外自閉癥兒童康復路徑的研究在康復體系的構(gòu)建、治療方法的創(chuàng)新以及康復效果的評估等方面都取得了一定的成果。然而，仍需要進一步加強對自閉癥兒童多樣化需求的研究，提高康復效果和康復質(zhì)量，并加強評估方法的科學性和準確性。通過不斷的研究和實踐，我們有望為自閉癥兒童提供更加有效和個性化的康復路徑，幫助他們更好地融入社會，提高生活質(zhì)量。Theresearchonrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautismathomeandabroadhasachievedcertainresultsintheconstructionofrehabilitationsystems,innovationoftreatmentmethods,andevaluationofrehabilitationeffects.However,thereisstillaneedtofurtherstrengthenresearchonthediverseneedsofchildrenwithautism,improverehabilitationeffectivenessandquality,andenhancethescientificandaccurateevaluationmethods.Throughcontinuousresearchandpractice,weareexpectedtoprovidemoreeffectiveandpersonalizedrehabilitationpathsforchildrenwithautism,helpingthembetterintegrateintosocietyandimprovetheirqualityoflife.六、結(jié)論Conclusion隨著對自閉癥兒童康復路徑的深入研究，國內(nèi)外在理論和實踐層面均取得了顯著的進展。國外研究在早期診斷、干預方法創(chuàng)新以及跨學科合作方面表現(xiàn)出色，尤其是神經(jīng)生物學、心理學和教育學等多學科的交叉研究，為自閉癥兒童康復提供了更多元化的視角和手段。國內(nèi)研究則更加注重康復路徑的本土化和文化適應(yīng)性，針對中國自閉癥兒童的特點和家庭環(huán)境，發(fā)展了一系列符合國情的康復方法和策略。Withthein-depthstudyofrehabilitationpathwaysforchildrenwithautism,significantprogresshasbeenmadebothdomesticallyandinternationallyintermsoftheoryandpractice.Foreignresearchhasshownoutstandingperformanceinearlydiagnosis,innovativeinterventionmethods,andinterdisciplinarycooperation,especiallyininterdisciplinaryresearchsuchasneurobiology,psychology,andeducation,providingmorediverseperspectivesandmeansfortherehabilitationofchildrenwithautism.Domesticresearchfocusesmoreonthelocalizationandculturaladaptabilityofrehabilitationpathways,andhasdevelopedaseriesofrehabilitationmethodsandstrateg