英語中的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)

ComparativelevelandsuperlativelevelinEnglish目錄IntroductionBasicconceptsofcomparativelevelThemostadvancedbasicconceptsComparisonandsuperiorrulechanges目錄SpecialchangesbetweencomparativeandsuperlativelevelsComparisonofusagebetweencomparativeandsuperlativelevelsPracticeandconsolidation01IntroductionComparativeandsuperiorobjectionsandadvertisementsareusedtocompareandcontrastpeople,things,orsituationsTheyareessentialforeffectivecommunicationandunderstandinginEnglishThemeIntroductionToimproveEnglishlanguageskillsbyusingcomparativeandsuperiorobjectivesandadvertisementsinspeaking,writing,andlisteningactivitiesTounderstandthebasicstructureandusageofcomparativeandsuperiorobjectivesandadvertisementsTobeabletocorrectlyapplycomparativeandsuperiorobjectivesandadvertisementsindifferentcontextsLearningobjectives02BasicconceptsofcomparativelevelThecomparativedegreeisusedtocomparetwopeopleorthings,showinghowoneismoreorlessthantheotherItisformedbyadding"-er"totheendofanobjectiveorbyusingthesuffix"-ier"forwordsthatendin"-y"Forexample,"tell"behaviors"teller"and"happy"behaviors"happier"DefinitionThecomparativedegreeisusedinsensesthatcomparetwopeopleorthings,suchas"Heistalkerthanme."or"Thisappleisjuicierthanthatone."Itcanalsobeusedinnegativeintentions,suchas"Iamnothappythanyou."Usage0102ExampleAnotherexampleis:"Thisbookislessinterestingthanthatone."Thecomparativedegreeisusedinthefollowingsentence:"Sheismorebeautifulthanhersister."03ThemostadvancedbasicconceptsVSItisthedegreethatcomparestwopeopleorthingsofthesamekindItisformedbyadding"-er"totheendoftheobjectiveorbyusingtheadvocate"more"beforetheobjectiveSuperlativelevelItisthedegreethatcomparesmorethantwopeopleorthingsofthesamekindandexpressesthebestoneItisformedbyadding"-est"totheendoftheobjectiveorbyusingtheadvocate"most"beforetheobjectiveComparativelevelDefinitionUsageItisusedtocomparetwopeopleorthingsofthesamekindandshowthedifferencebetweenthemItiscommonlyusedinnegativesenses,questions,andcontrastingsensesComparativelevelItisusedtocomparemorethantwopeopleorthingsofthesamekindandshowthebestoneItiscommonlyusedinpositiveintentions,exceptions,andemphasizingintentionsSuperlativelevel"Heistellerthanme.""Thisbookismoreinterestingthanthatone.""HeistheTallestpersonintheclass.""ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread."ExampleSuperlativelevelComparativelevel04ComparisonandsuperiorrulechangesThecomparativelevelisusedtocomparetwopeopleorthings,whilethesuperiorlevelisusedtocomparemorethantwopeopleorthingsThecomparativelevelcanalsobeformedbyadding"more"infrontofanobjective,whilethesuperiorlevelcanbeformedbyadding"most"infrontofanobjectiveThecomparativelevelisformedbyadding"-er"totheendofanobjective,whilethesuperiorlevelisformedbyadding"-est"totheendofanobjectiveOverviewofRuleChangesThefirsttypeofrulechangeiswhenthecomparativeandsuperlativelevelsareformedbyadding"-er"and"-est"totheendofanobjectiveThesecondtypeofrulechangeiswhenthecomparativeandsuperlativelevelsareformedbyadding"more"and"most"infrontofanobjectiveThethirdtypeofrulechangeiswhenthecomparativeandsuperlativelevelsareformedbyadding"more"and"most"infrontofanobjective,buttheobjectiveitselfhasadifferentending,soas"-y"or"-ly"010203TypesofRuleChanges

ExamplesofrulechangesExample1Thecomparativelevelof"happiness"is"happiness",andthesuperiorlevelis"happiness"Example2Thecomparativelevelof"beautiful"is"morebeautiful",andthesuperiorlevelis"mostbeautiful"Example3Thecomparativelevelof"angle"is"moreangle",andthesuperiorlevelis"mostangle"05SpecialchangesbetweencomparativeandsuperlativelevelsBad/word/wordMany/more/hostMuch/more/hostLittle/less/eastGood/battery/bestIrregularchangesFeed/feeder/bestOld/older/oldest(forpeople)Young/younger/younger(forpeople)Tall/teller/Tallest(forpeople)01020304PartialirregularchangesSomeobjectionshavedifferentmeansatdifferentlevelsofcomparisonForexample,theword"good"canmean"excel"atthesuperiorlevel("Heisthebestplayer")butitcanalsomean"havingpositivequalities"atthecomparativelevel("Heisabetterplayerthanhisteam")Apolysemousobjective06ComparisonofusagebetweencomparativeandsuperlativelevelsExpressionsamiddledegreeofaqualityorattribute,comparingtwoitemsorindividualsItisusedtoshowadifferenceindegreebetweentwothingsExpressthehighestorlowestdegreeofaqualityorattribute,comparingmorethantwoitemsorindividualsItisusedtoshowthemostorleastextremeexampleofaqualityorattributeComparativeLevelSuperlativeLevelThesemanticdifferencebetweencomparativeandsuperlativelevelsComparativeContextExpressionsacomparisonbetweentwosimilarthingsorindividuals,commonlyinthesamecontextItisusedtoshowthedifferenceindegreebetweentwothingsSuperlativeContextExpressionsacomparisonbetweenmorethantwothingsorindividuals,commonlyindifferentcontextsItisusedtoshowthemostorleastextremeexampleofaqualityorattributeComparativeandSuperlativeContextSelectionUsedtocomparetwoitemsorindividuals,emphasizingthedifferenceindegreebetweenthemItisusedtoshowrelativesuperiorityorinferiorityComparativeFunctionUsedtocomparemorethantwoitemsorindividuals,emphasizingthemostorleastextremeexampleofaqualityorattributeItisusedtoshowabsolutesuperiorityorinferioritySuperlativeFunctionComparativeandSuperlativePragmaticFunctions07PracticeandconsolidationMultiplechoicequestion1:Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectcomparativeformof"beautiful"?MultiplechoicequestionsA.BeautifulB.MorebeautifulC.ThemostbeautifulMultiplechoicequestionsD.MostbeautifulMultiplechoicequestionsAnswer:BMultiplechoicequestion2:Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectsuperlativeformof"happiness"?MultiplechoicequestionsA.HappyB.HappyC.ThehappinessMultiplecho