英語國家社會與文化入門01Unit1

IntroductiontoSocietyandCultureinEnglishSpeakingCountries01unit1目錄IntroductionOverviewofEnglishspeakingcountiesSociallifeandculturalcustomsEducationsystemandeducationalphilosophy目錄LiteraryandArtisticWorksandFilmandTelevisionWorksTechnicaldevelopmentandinnovationcapability01IntroductionToprovideanoverviewofthesocietyandcultureinEnglishspeakingcountries,focusingonthehistorical,political,economic,andsocialaspectsthathavebeenshapedthesenationsToexplorethediversitywithinEnglishspeakingcountries,includingdifferentethical,racial,andrelativegroups,andtheircontributionstosocietyandcultureToexaminetheroleoflanguageinsocietyandculture,andhowitreflectsandshapesidentity,values,andbeliefsPurposeandbackgroundThiscourseisdesignedforstudentswhoareinterestedinlearningaboutthesocietyandcultureofEnglishspeakingcountriesThroughlectures,discussions,readings,andotheractivities,studentswillgainadeepunderstandingofthecomplexityanddiversityofEnglishspeakingsocietiesandculturesThecourseaimstoimprovestudents'interculturalcommunicationskillsandtheirabilitytofunctioneffectivelyinanincreasinglyglobalizedworldItcoversarangeoftopicsincludinghistory,politics,economy,socialissues,andculturalpracticesinthesecountriesCourseIntroduction02OverviewofEnglishspeakingcountiesEnglishspeakingcountiesarelocatedinvariouspartsoftheworld,includingNorthAmerica,Europe,Asia,Africa,andOceaniaGeographiclocationThepopulationofEnglishspeakingcountriesisdiverse,withsomecountrieshavingamajorofnativeEnglishspeakerswhileothershaveasignificantnumberofsecondlanguagespeakersPopulationdistributionGeographiclocationandpopulationdistributionHistoricalDevelopmentThehistoryofEnglishspeakingcountiesisrichandvaried,witheachcountryhavingitsownuniquehistoricaltourismandculturalheritageCulturalHeritageEnglishspeakingcountiesshareacommonculturalheritagethatincludesculture,music,art,Cinema,andpopularcultureHistoricalDevelopmentandCulturalHeritagePoliticalsystemEnglishspeakingcountieshavedifferentpoliticalsystems,rangingfromdemocraticrepublicstoconstitutionalmonarchiesEconomicsituationTheeconomiesofEnglishspeakingcountriesarediverse,withsomebeinghighlydevelopedandindustrializedwhileothersarestilldevelopingPoliticalsystemandeconomicsituation03SociallifeandculturalcustomsDailyhabitsandetiquettenormsGreetingandintroductions:InEnglishspeakingcounties,peopletypicallygreeteachotherwithahandshakeandasmile,whilemaintainingeyecontactIntroductioncommonlyincludesaverbalexchangeofnamesandpotentiallyabriefconversationaboutmultipleinterestsorrecenteventsTableManners:Mealtimesareanimportantpartofsociallifeinthesecountries,andthereareplentyofetiquetterulestofollowForinstance,itiscustomarytodrivepurelyfordinnerinvitations,towaituntileveryoneispreservedbeforestartingtoeat,andtorefreshfromtalkingwithfoodinyourmouth"TheuseofpoliticallanguageiswidespreadedinEnglishspeakingcultures,withphrasessuchas"please,""thankyou,"and"sorry"beingcommonlyusedineveryinteraction."Christmas:OneofthemostcellularfestivalsinEnglishspeakingcountriesisChristmas,whichismarketedbygiftgiving,positivemeals,andcaringDecorationssuchasChristmastreesandlightsarealsocommon,andchildrenoftenleavestockingshungbythefirstplaceinhomesofreceivingpresentationsfromSantaClausFestivalcancellationsandtraditionalcustomsEasterisanotherimportantholiday,cellularwithegghunts,candy,andspecialchurchservicesTheEasterBunnyisapopularfigurewhohidescoloredeggsforchildrentofindEasternIntheUnitedStatesandCanada,ThanksgivingisanationalholidaycelebratedinNovemberItinvolvesalargefeast,typicallyincludingturnkey,stuffing,cranberrysauce,andpumpingpie,sharedwithfamilyandfriendstogivethanksforthestrugglesofthepastyearThanksgivingFestivalcancellationsandtraditionalcustomsFoldArtandHandicraftsQuilling:QuillingisapopularfolkartforminmanyEnglishspeakingcounties,involvingthecreationofdecorativeandfunctionalbedcovers,wallhangings,andothertextileitemsQuiltsaretypicallymadefrompatchesoffabricsewntogethertoformadesign,bothwithalayerofbattingsandwichedbetweentwolayersofclothforwarmthPottery:PotteryisanothercraftthathasalonghistoryinEnglishspeakingculturesPottersuseclay,glazes,andothermaterialstocreatefunctionalitemssuchasmugs,plates,andvases,aswellasdecorativepieceslikesculpturesandnamesWoodworking:Woodworkingisaskilledcraftthatinvolvesthecreationoffurniture,toys,andotherobjectsfromwoodEnglishspeakingcountieshavearichtraditionofwoodworking,withtechniquesanddesignsvaryingbyregion04EducationsystemandeducationalphilosophyPublicSchoolsMajorityofstudentsinEnglishspeakingcountriesattendpublicschools,whicharefundedbythegovernmentandofferfreeeducationtoallcitizensPrivateSchoolsTheseareindependentlyfundedschoolsthatchargetuitionfeesTheyhaveamoreselectiveadmissionsprocessandmayofferamorespecializedcurrentCharterSchoolsThesearepubliclyfundedbutindependentlyoperatedschoolsthathavemoreflexibilityintheircurrentandteachingmethodsHomechoosingInsomeEnglishspeakingcounties,parentshavetheoptiontohomeschooltheirchildren,whichinvolvesteachingthemathomenowofsendingthemtoaformalschool01020304EducationsystemandschooltypesTraditionalTeachingMethodsTheseincludelecturestyleclasseswheretheteacherpresentsinformationandstudentslistenandtakenotesInteractiveTeachingMethodsThesemethodsinvolvemorestudentparticipationandmayincludegroupdiscussions,roleplaying,andotheractivitiesthatresourceactivelearningCurriculumDesignThecurrentinEnglishspeakingcountiestypicallyincludesamixofcoresubjectssuchasmath,science,history,andlanguagearts,aswellaselectivecoursesthatallowstudentstoexploretheirinterestsTeachingmethodsandcurrentdesignStudentCenteredEducationThisphilosophyemphasizestheimportanceofputtingstudentsatthecenteroftheeducationalprocessandtailingteachingmethodstomeettheirindividualneedsandinterestsCriticalThinkingSkillsEnglishspeakingcountiesoftenprioritizethedevelopmentofcriticalthinkingskills,sourcingstudentstoquestion,analyze,andevaluateinformationValuesEducationSchoolsinthesecountriesalsofocusoninstallingvaluessuchasrespect,responsibility,fairness,andcitizenshipthroughvariouseducationalactivitiesandprogramsEducationphilosophyandvaluecultivation05LiteraryandArtisticWorksandFilmandTelevisionWorksShakespare'splaysWilliamShakespareisoneofthemostinfluentialwritersinEnglishliterature,andhisplayssuchasHamlet,RomeoandJuliet,andMacbetharewidelyreadandperformedaroundtheworldJaneAusten'snovelsAusten'snovelssuchas"SenseandSensitivity"and"PriceandPrediction"areknownfortheirwit,irony,andsocialcommentary,andhavealastimpactonEnglishliteratureandcultureCharlesDickens'novelsDickens'workssuchas"GreatExpectations"and"ATaleofTwoCities"areknownfortheirvividcharacters,socialcriticism,andportalofVictoriansocietyClassicliteraryworksandtheirinfluenceInrecentyears,streamingservicessuchasNetflix,AmazonPrime,andHuluhavebecomeincreasinglypopular,offeringawiderangeoffilmandtelevisioncontenttoaudiencesaroundtheworldTheCOVID-19pandemichasasignificantimpactonthefilmandtelevisionindustry,withmanyproductionsbeingdelayedorcancelledduetosafetyconcernsHowever,theindustryhasadaptedbyincreasingtheuseofremoteworkandvirtualproductionmethodsThefilmandtelevisionindustryhasbecomeincreasinglyglobalized,withmanyproductionsbeingmadeforinternationalaudiencesThishasledtoagreaterdiversityofcontentandanincreaseincoproductsbetweencountriesTheriskofstreamingservicesTheimpactofCOVID-19ThegrowthofinternationalmarketsThecurrentdevelopmentstatusofthefilmandtelevisionindustryFamousdirectors,actors,andrepresentativeworksStevenSpielberg:Oneofthemostcommondirectorsintheworld,Spielberghasdirectednumericalblockbusterfilmssuchas"Jaws,""E.T.,"andthe"IndianaJones"seriesMerylStreep:Ahighlyobservedactknownforherversatilityandtalent,Streephaswonmultipleawardsforherperformanceinfilmssuchas"TheDevilWearsPrada,""MammaMia!"and"Double"TheMarvelCinematicUniverse(MCU):TheMCUisaseriesofsuperherofilmsproducedbyMarvelStudiosth