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tmforum
knowledge
AI
telcos
inplace
TMForum|March2024
BENCHMARK
buildinganstrategy:
putthe
foundations
Author:
MarkNewman,ChiefAnalyst
Editor:
IanKemp,ManagingEditor
Sponsoredby:
amd。cs人R
●
Tecnotree
servIcen◎
contents
03
aboutoursponsors
13
section2:
puttingtheright
skillsinplace,
byDawnBushaus
27
section5:
whereoperators
areapplyingAI
46
section8:
thefutureofAI,
byDeanRamsay
05
thebigpicture
17
section3:
gettingthebasicsright:
isCSPdataAI-ready?
Co-author:RichardWebb
34
section6:
theimpactof
generativeAI(GenAI)
49
section9:
keyfindingsand
recommendations
08
section1:
buildinganAI-ready
organization
23
section4:
architecting,building,
buyingandscalingAI
40
section7:
measuringthe
economicimpactofAI
52
additionalfeatures
&resources
2
3
BENCHMARK
aboutour
sponsors
amdocs
Amdocshelpsthosewhobuild
thefuturetomakeitamazing.
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aws
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.
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aboutoursponsors
CSGempowerscompaniesto
buildunforgettableexperiences,makingiteasierforpeopleandbusinessestoconnectwith,useandpayfortheservicesthey
valuemost.Ourcustomer
experience,billingandpaymentssolutionshelpcompaniesofanysizemakemoneyandmakea
difference.WithourSaaS
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shaperlikeour1,000-plusclients?Visit
tolearnmore.
AtNokia,wecreatetechnologythathelpstheworldacttogether.
AsaB2Btechnologyinnovationleader,wearepioneering
networksthatsense,thinkandactbyleveragingourworkacross
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Inaddition,wecreatevaluewithintellectualpropertyandlong-termresearch,ledbytheaward-winningNokiaBellLabs.
Serviceproviders,enterprises
andpartnersworldwidetrust
Nokiatodeliversecure,reliableandsustainablenetworkstoday–andworkwithustocreatethedigitalservicesandapplicationsofthefuture.
●
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ServiceNowhelpsTelcosaccelerate
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ourpurpose-builtsolutionshelp
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Tecnotree
Tecnotreeisa5G-readydigital
BusinessSupportSystem(BSS)
player,withAI/MLcapabilitiesand
multi-cloudextensibility.Tecnotree
leadsthewayontheTMForum
OpenAPIConformancewith59
certifiedOpenAPIsincluding9
real-worldopenAPIs,atestament
tothecompany’scommitmentto
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alsoprovidesFintechandB2B2X
multi-experiencedigital
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Tolearnmoreaboutoursponsors’viewsonAItechnologiesandstrategieswatchthesevideos:
Aria
Nokia
AWS
Servicenow
Cognizant
Tecnotree
CSG
BENCHMARK
thebigpicture
TheAIjourneystartedin2016or2017forsomeofthemoreprogressive,ambitiousoperators,andin2019or
2020formostothers.Butitisonlyinthepast12-15monthswiththeexplosionofinterestinGenerativeAI
(GenAI)thatithasbecomeakeyfocusformostboardroomsandthetechnologywhichcommunicationsserviceproviders(CSPs)arepinningtheirhopesontotransformtheirfinancialfortunes.
T
hepurposeofthisreportistounderstandwhereCSPsareontheirAIjourneys.Itis
basedonbriefingswithAI
decision-makersin20ofthe
world’slargestandleadingCSPs
globally.Webelievethey
representsomeofthemore
progressiveCSPsintermsoftheirinvestmentin,andcommitment
to,AItechnologies.Assuch,theypresentaslightlydistortedpictureoftheglobalstatusofCSPuseofAI.However,thechallengesand
opportunitiestheyspeakaboutinrelationtoAIarecommontothesectorasawhole.
Wealsopublishtheresultsofa
surveyinthisresearchintheformofchartsthroughoutthereport.
Thesurvey–whichwealsoused
foranearlierreport,
GenerativeAI:
operatorstaketheirfirststeps
–
coversabroadercross-sectionofCSPs,withresponsesfrom104
executivesacross73CSPsglobally.
5
Twoofthe20operatorsthatwe
interviewed–ChinaMobileand
SKTelecom–arebuildingAI
businesseswithaclearobjective
tomonetizetheirinvestments.Theother18areinvestinginAIfortheirowninternalusage,principallytodriveefficienciesandimprove
customerexperience.Addressingthegrowingcomplexityoftheirbusinesses–andspecificallytheirnetworkoperationsfunctions–isalsoakeydriver.
AlltheoperatorsthatwespoketoarerampinguptheirinvestmentsinAI–beitbuildingteamsofAIexpertsorbuildingplatformsandtoolsinreadinesstostartscalingAIdeployments.
“I’dsayeverymeetingIgoto,
nearlywithoutexception,there’s
somecomponentthatdiscusses
whatwe’redoinginAI–nextyear’sinvestmentplanning,execution
skills,peopledevelopment,
I’dsayeverymeetingIgoto,nearly
withoutexception,there’ssome
componentthat
discusseswhatwe’redoinginAI–next
year’sinvestmentplanning,executionskills,people
development,
everything.”
MarkSanders,
ChiefArchitect,Telstra
6
thebigpicture
HowefectivelyisyourorganizationexploitingAIandmachinelearning?
WehavemadegoodprogressinusingAIandmachinelearningindiferentpartsofourbusiness(e.g.customerexperienceornetworkoperations)
Wehavesometrialsandproofsofconceptrunningbutwehaven'tdeployeditinourbusiness
WeareattheearlystagesofresearchingthepotentialofAIandmachinelearning
31%
14%
55%
TMForum,2023
everything,”saysMarkSanders,ChiefArchitect,Telstra.
However,itisimportanttodrawadistinctionbetween“traditional”typesofAI–whatwerefertointhisresearchaspredictiveAI–
andGenAI.
CSPinvestmentinpredictiveAI
has,untilnow,beenrelatively
modest.Mostoperatorshave
deployedahandfulofusecasesinareassuchasenergysaving,churnprediction,andnextbestaction
whichusesAIandreal-timedatatotargetcustomerexperiences.
Buttheyhavelackedtheskills,thetoolsandcompellingevidenceofgoodreturnsoninvestmentto
scalerollout.Furthermore,usecaseshavebeenmore“bolt-on”,ratheronesthatsitwithinan
overarchingarchitectureor
operatingmodel.
ThefocusonGenAI
Overthepastyearto15months
CSPs’AIstrategieshavepivotedtofocusonGenAI.Indeed,in
manyofourconversationsforthisreportGenAIwasthemaintopicofdiscussion.MostCSPshave
drawnupwellinexcessof100usecasesandareengagedina
processofaggressive
experimentation.Butveryfewhavebeenputintoproduction.
Weexpectthistochangeduring2024and,morelikely,in2025.
Somewhatironically,this
enthusiasmforGenAImayendupboostinginterestinpredictiveAI.WhilesomeusecasesinvolveonlyGenAI,manyothersrequirethe
twotobeusedintandem.
Furthermore,whenitcomesto
usingAIforautomationGenAIhasitslimitations,particularlyinthe
networkandthedrivetowards
autonomousnetworks.
InspeakingtoCSPsaboutthe
statusoftheirAIjourneysmost
conversationstendtoendup
focusingmoreonGenAIthan
predictiveAI.IsthisbecauseCSPsbelievethereisfarmorepotentialthaninmachinelearningand
predictiveAI?OrisitjustbecauseGenAIisthenewertechnology
andhascapturedtheimaginationofboardroomsandtheiradvisers?
AkeyreasonforGenAI’sappealisitsaccessibilitycomparedwith
machinelearningandpredictiveAI,andthefactthatitusesthe
sameinputsandprovidesthe
sameoutputsasthetoolsweuseinoureverydayworkinglives.
GenAIcantakeourconversations,theemailswewrite,the
documentsweuse,theonline
researchthatweconductandthepresentationswemakeandaddvaluetothem.
What’smore,atatimewhenevery
personintheCSPorganizationis
encouragedtobemorecustomer
centric,GenAIoffersthepromise
ofdeliveringinsightsandvalue
fromthemillionsofconversations
andmessagesthatpassbetween
customers,customerservice
agentsandonlineandmobile
platforms.Eventheleast
technology-savvypeopleinan
organizationcangettheirheads
aroundwhatGenAIcando.
Arealisticassessment
AIisneither,ontheonehand,the
answertothechallengesthatCSPs
facenor,ontheother,awildly
overhypedtechnologythatwillfail
tohaveameaningfulimpacton
operatororganizations.AIwillbe
adoptedbyoperatorsinthesame
waythatitwillbeadoptedby
almosteveryothersector.Butwill
itenableCSPstosignificantlycut
costs,tocreatenewproducts,
servicesandrevenuestreams,and
toredefinetherelationshipwith
theircustomers?
Thecostdiscussionis,perhaps,
themostinterestingone,and
lessonsshouldbelearnedfrom
theexperienceofpubliccloud
whichwasoriginallytoutedasa
cost-savingopportunityforCSPs.
Operatorsareunderpressureto
cuttheircostsbecauseofrevenue
7
thebigpicture
stagnation.InmanycasesAI-
enabledautomationcanhelp
employeesdotheircurrentjobsmoreefficientlyandmorequickly.
Butwilloperatorsbeableto
capturethesetimesavingsand
convertthemintotheeliminationofdifferentroles?Orwillitsimplyallowemployeestofocustheir
timeonothertasksandfunctionsthatcreatemorevalue?Ultimately,thiswillcomedownto
departmentalbudgeting,the
pressuretoreducecapexand
opex,andwhetherAIand
automationaretwoofthetoolsthatCSPsleanontocutcosts.
WeshouldalsonotforgetthatAIwillrequireoperatorstoinvestinnewroles,newtechnologiesandplatformsand,insomecases,newinfrastructure.Inaddition,aswe
seeinsection2,newskillstendtobemorecostlythanoldones.
Belowaresomeofthekey
findingsandrecommendationsfromourresearch.Forafullersummaryseesection9.
Keyfindings
Thereisnearlyuniversal
recognitionthatAIwilllead
toaparadigmshiftinCSPs’
operatingmodels.However,
veryfewoperatorshaveaclearpictureofwhatthatoperatingmodelwillorshouldbe.
AI-readyaccesstoclean,
quality,usabledataisthe
singlebiggestchallengeto
thedeploymentofAIatscale.
MostAIdeploymentstodayare“bolt-on”usecases
–specific,isolateddeploymentsratherthanonesthatrepresentpartofanoverallarchitectureandoperatingmodel.
TherearefewexamplestodayofAIusecases/deploymentsthathavedeliveredsignificantorclearlydemonstrablevaluetotheCSPbusiness.Those
areaswhereCSPshavehadearlysuccessincludeenergysaving,networkplanning/
smartcapex
andchurn
predictionmodels.
DespitethebuzzaroundGenAIveryfewusecaseshavebeenputintoproduction.ManyCSPsarehopingthat2024willbetheyearGenAI-enableduse
casesbecomeareality.
FuturepredictiveAIuses
casesareincreasinglyseen
asprincipallydelivering
valuetonetworkoperations
asCSPsseektobuild
autonomousnetworks.
GenAIismostlikelytosee
wide-scaledeploymentin
customer-facingfunctions
andasatoolfordriving
greaterproductivitygenerally.
0OperatorspendingonAI(asopposedtoanalytics)has
beenmodestuntilnow,but
manyCSPsarestartingtospendsignificantlymoreonhyperscalerservicesthat
embedGenAI.
AstheyembraceGenAICSPs
arebecomingincreasingly
reliantonhyperscaleservice
providersandthepubliccloud.
Veryfewoperatorsare
buildingAIinfrastructure.
Rather,CSPinvestmentsarefocusedondevelopingusecasesandbuildingplatforms
forteamsacrossthebusinesstousedifferentAItools.
OuranalysisofCSPcapexandopexpresentstwoscenariosforthepotentialsavingsthat
couldresultfromthesuccessful
useanddeploymentofAI.
Ina“bullish”scenariototal
capexandopexfortelecoms
operatorsgloballyfallsby
9.1%from$1.8trillionto
$1.64trillion.A“bearish”
scenarioseesa2%decline
to$1.77trillion.
Recommendations
Operatorsneedtodevelop
easyaccesstodatathatsits
acrosstheentireorganization
iftheyaregoingtodeployAI
atscale.
Ifoperatorsaretoshapehow
AIwillchangetheirbusinesses
theymustfundamentally
embracethesenew
technologiesandmakethem
integraltotheiroperations.If
theydonot,theyriskbeing
lockedintotechnologychoices
andarchitectures.
CSPsmustnotrepeatthe
mistakestheymadeinpublic
cloudwheremanytriedto
competewithhyperscaler
serviceproviders.Theirfocus
inAIshouldbeonthe
deploymentofusecasesand
thecreationofplatformsfor
deliveringAIcapabilitiesto
theirinternalorganization.
ForoperatorstodeployAIat
scaleandtoindustrialize
deploymentstheyneedto
embracemachinelearning
operations(MLOps)and
FinOpsinthesamewaythat
thesoftwaresectorwas
transformedwiththeuseof
DevOps.
Inthefirstsectionwelookatthe
differentapproachesCSPsare
takingtobuildorganizationsable
toharnessAItechnologies.
BENCHMARK
section1:
buildinganAI-ready
organization
Findingtherightbalancebetweencreatingcentralfunctionsandcapabilitiesontheonehand,and
democratizingaccesstoAItoolsontheother,isamajorchallengeforCSPs.Asaresultavarietyofroles,organizationalalignmentsandgovernancefunctionsarebeingdevelopedtogetthisbalanceright.
O
peratorshadbeen
buildingandevolving
theirdataanalytics
organizationsforseveralyears
beforeAIemergedasastrategic
priority.AIfunctionsand
organizationstendtositontop
ofthesedataanalyticsteams–
althoughinsomecasesthey
arepartofthesameteam–and
theirsizeandremittendsto
beafunctionofhowmuch
AItechnologyanoperatoris
buildingandwhat,andhow
much,itisbuying.
Anyfutureorganizationalfunctionandstructureneedstofactorin
thefollowingconsiderations:
AIisatoolforinnovation,andanyoneintheorganizationcanpotentiallybeaninnovator.
Assuch,AIneedstobemadeavailabletoeveryteamin
thecompany.
8
Thelevelofcomfortwith
embracingnewtechnologies
variesenormously.Every
effortneedstobemadeto
makeAIeasytouse,even
forteamswithlowtechnologycapabilities.
Reusingsuccessfulusecasescanbeamajorchallenge.ThecentralAIteam/platform
needstobeabletoseewheresuccessfulusecasesarebeingrolledoutandfacilitatetheir
reuseacrosstheorganization.
Costmanagementrisks
becomeaseriousissueifthedemocratizationofaccesstoAIisnotaccompaniedbythedeploymentofnew
FinOps
practices
forAI.
Thereisariskofincurring
technicaldebtthroughthe
uncontrolledpurchaseand
deploymentofdifferentAI
modelsandservicesacross
theorganization.AnAI
governanceprogramneeds
tobeputintoplacetoreduce
theriskofincurringdebt
while,atthesametime,
encouragingusageand
experimentation.
Inthissectionwelookatsome
examples,fromourresearch,of
thedifferentorganizational
approachesthatCSPsaretaking
toharnessAI.
CreatingaCXOroleforAI.
AstheprofileofAI,andthe
expectationsforwhatitcan
deliver,haverisenithasbecome
increasinglyimportantthatthere
isexpertiseandrepresentationat
–orjustbelow–boardlevel.Two
oftheCSPsthatwespoketofor
thisreporthaveappointedChief
AIOfficers(CAIOs).SteveJarrett,
section1:buildinganAI-readyorganization
previouslyGroupSeniorVice
President,DataandAI,atOrangeInnovation,wasappointedChief
AIOfficeroftheFrenchoperatorinDecember2023.InhisLinkedInprofileJarrettsayshisteam“l(fā)eadsour‘DataDemocracy’cultural
andtechnicaltransformationofthecompany”.InhisroleJarrettalsoleadstheselectionofkeypartnersandtheidentificationofpotentialacquisitions.
BThasaChiefDataandAIOfficer
–DeepikaAdusumilli–whojoinedthecompanyinOctober2023.
AdusumillireportstoHarmeenMehta,ChiefDigitaland
InformationOfficer.
WhileaCAIOisresponsibleforAI,aChiefDigitalOfficer(CDO)looksafterall“digital”technologies.In
CSPsthistendsnottoincludethe
networkitselfwhichisthe
responsibilityofaChiefTechnologyOfficeroraChiefNetworkOfficer.
SKTelecomisanotherCSPwithahigh-profileAIrole.ChungSuk-
guenisChiefGlobalAIOfficerat
SKTelecom,buthisroleis
principallyfocusedonGenAIandbuildingproductsthatcanbe
leveragedinternallyandmonetizedthroughpartnershipswithother
CSPsand,potentially,softwareandservicesvendors.
RatherthanhavingasingleCXO
responsibleforAI,someCSPs
divideresponsibilitiesbetween
executives.AfricantelecomsgroupMTNhasanAIsteeringcommitteeco-chairedbytheGroupCIOandChiefStrategyandTransformationOfficer,ChikaEkeji.
ChiefDataOfficerisalsoarolewhichexistswithinmanyCSP
organizations.Perhapsthe
highest-profileChiefDataOfficerintelecomswasChemaAlonsoatTelefónica,althoughhehasnow
transitionedtoChiefDigital
OfficerwithresponsibilityforAIincustomersolutions.TelefónicastillhasaChiefDataOfficer,butthisisnowaninternalrole,with
9
ChinaMobile
andSKTelecomareinvesting
aggressivelyinAItodelivernewproductsand
services.
responsibility,forexample,forthecompany’sdataarchitecture.
Settingupasubsidiary
organizationtodevelopAI.ManyCSPshavesetupsubsidiariesinrecentyearstobuildcapabilities,productsandservicesinnewtechanddigitalbusinessareas.But
thesehavefocusedonbuilding
newproducts,servicesand
revenuestreamsratherthan
deliveringcapabilitiesbackinto
theorganization.
ProximusAdaisanaffiliateof
Belgiantelecomsoperator
Proximusthatisspecifically
focusedondeveloping
cybersecurityandAIcapabilities.ItsworkissplitbetweenmeetinginternalProximusrequirements
anddeliveringservicestoB2B
customers.ProximusChiefDigitalInformationOfficer(CDIO),
AntoniettaMastroianni,saysAdawascreatedtohelpfindthe
requisiteskillsincybersecurity
andAIandtobuildaflexible
organizationalculturethatwasdifferentfromthecorebusiness.
Splittingtheinternaland
customer-facingAIfunctions.
RatherthanbuildingacentralAI
organization,Telefónicahas
decidedtosplitresponsibilitiesinto
two:customerinsightsand
innovation;andnetwork,ITandinternalAI-driventransformation.
ChiefDigitalOfficer,ChemaAlonso,
whocreatedthevoice-controlled
AIplatformAurain2017,
is
responsibleforcustomerinsights,
whileJuanManuelCaroBernatis
DirectorofAutonomousNetworks,
responsibleformanagingthe
wholelifecycleofnetworksandAI.
Thissplittingofresponsibilitiesis
particularlyinterestinggiventhat
thefocusofGenAIismoretowards
customer-facingratherthan
networkfunctions,whilepredictive
AIisincreasinglyatechnology
usedfornetworkautomation.
AIasanewbusinessfunction.
ChinaMobileandSKTelecomare
investingaggressivelyinAIto
delivernewproductsandservices.
Thefocusforbothoperatorsis
buildingtheirownLargeLanguage
Models(LLMs)–andsolutionsand
capabilitiesthatsitontopofthem
–andsellingaccesstothemto
enterprisesandotherCSPs.
ChinaMobile’s
Jiutianbusiness
hasbeensetupbothtoprovide
servicesinternallytothe
organizationandtodeliverB2B
services.InOctobertheoperator
announcedaJiutianGenAImodel
whichitsayshas“wonsupport”
fromlargeenterprisesincluding
ChinaOceanShippingandChina
RailwayConstructionCo.The
modelhastrainedmorethan2
milliontokens–abasicunitof
textorcodethatanLLMusesto
processandgeneratelanguage–
andhas“knowledge”ineight
industriesincludingtelecoms,
energy,andsteelandtransport,
saysChinaMobile.
“Webelievethatexternalsuccess
istherealmeasureofsuccess
[ofJiutian],”aChinaMobile
spokespersontoldTMForum.
EstablishinganAIcenterof
excellence.Inoursurvey53%of
CSPssaidtheyhadestablished
acenterofexcellenceforAI
(seechartonthenextpage).But
theprecisesize,shapeandrole
ofthesevariesconsiderably.
section1:buildinganAI-readyorganization
HowareyouapproachingtheGenAIopportunity(chooseallthatapply)?
Wehavesetupacenterofexcellence
Wehaveidenti?edfamiliesofusecasesandspeci?cusecaseswithineachfamily
Weareworkingwithpartners/technology?rmstoworkondiferentusecases
WehavediferentfunctionsanddepartmentsexperimentingwithGenAIacrosstheorganization
53%
45%
53%
59%
TMForum,2023
DutchtelcoVodafoneZiggo,for
example,hasanAIcenterof
excellencewhichincludesthe
company’sdatascienceteam.
Telefónica,meanwhile,hasaglobalcentreofexcellencewithinits
networksandITgroupfunctionthatisresponsiblefordataand
AIarchitectures,forthemigrationtowardsacommondatamodel,andforresearchingAI
technologiesandsolutions.And
MiddleEasttelecomsgroupe&hasafederatedcenterofexcellence
witheachofthekeydepartments/functionshavingarepresentative.AnAIgovernancefunctionsitsontopofthiswithamissiontoensurethatusecasesarereusedacross
differentdivisions.
AIasaplatformfunction.Some
operatorshavebuilt–orare
building–platformsdesignedto
makeAIaccessibletodifferent
partsoftheorganization.Inthe
caseofGenAI,forexample,a
platformmaysitabovetheone,ormany,LLMsthattheCSPisusingtoensurethatthebestone–in
termsofcost,accuracyandsoon–isusedforaspecificrequirement.Forexample,VodafonehasanAIplatformwhichalsoprovides
self-servicetoolsandeducationalmaterialsfordifferentteamstobuildtheirownusecases.
SKTelecomhaswhatitcallsanIntelligencePlatformthrough
whichtheentireorganizationgainsaccesstotheLLMitisdeveloping.TheplatformcapturesallthedataabouthowtheLLMisbeingused,theapplicationsandtheinputs
andoutputs,andthisisthenfed
backintothemodeltohelptrainittobecomemoreaccurate.
Theprocessofbringing
individualsandfunctionstogethertohelpdrivebetteruseofAIis
havingtheaddedbenefitof
helpingtobreakdowndivisionalsiloes.IthasthepotentialtohelpempowertheITfunctionand
demonstrateitsvalueasadriverforbusinessimprovementby
interpretingandshowcasingdatagarneredfromacrossthe
organization,particularlywhen
datafromonedepartmentor
functionisblendedwithdatafromanother.Inoursurvey,53%of
respondentssaidtheyhave
differentfunctionsand
departmentsexperimentingwithGenAIacrosstheorganization
(seechart).
AIgovernanceimperatives
Manyofthegovernance
requirementsforAIsitwithinan
existingdatagovernanceprogram.However,additionalAI-specific
guardrailsareneededtoensure
thatAItoolsandsystemsare,andremain,safeandethical.With
GenAItechnologydevelopingso
quicklythechallengeisputtingin
placegovernancethatremains
rel
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