“太空加油站”-變廢為寶助力星際探索

名師精講外刊“太空加油站”——變廢為寶助力星際探索'Gasstationinspace':newplantomakerocketfuelfromjunkinEarth'sorbit名師精講外刊人類航空事業(yè)的發(fā)展越來(lái)越迅速了，但是太空垃圾的問(wèn)題也受到很多人的關(guān)注。太空垃圾顧名思義就是太空中漂浮的垃圾，那么太空垃圾是由什么組成的？會(huì)帶來(lái)怎么樣的危害？目前人類提出了那些方案來(lái)解決此問(wèn)題？一起來(lái)看今天的外刊文章。課前問(wèn)題1.文中用了哪兩個(gè)詞來(lái)表示“推動(dòng)力”？2.文末提到了哪三種處理太空垃圾的方式？導(dǎo)讀名師精講外刊‘Gasstationinspace':newplantomakerocketfuelfromjunkinEarth'sorbit【基礎(chǔ)解析】fueln.燃料【釋】anymaterialthatproducesheatorpower,usuallywhenitisburnt【例】Hisremarkssimplyaddedfueltothefire/flamesofherrage.他的話只是給她的憤怒火上澆油。v.增加；加強(qiáng)；刺激【釋】toincreasesth;tomakesthstronger【例】Theresultwillinevitablyfuelspeculationabouttheprimeminister'sfuture.該結(jié)果將不可避免地加劇人們對(duì)首相前途的猜測(cè)。名師精講外刊‘Gasstationinspace':newplantomakerocketfuelfromjunkinEarth'sorbit【基礎(chǔ)解析】orbitn.（天體等運(yùn)行的）軌道【釋】acurvedpathfollowedbyaplanetoranobjectasitmovesaroundanotherplanet,star,moon,etc.【例】theearth'sorbitaroundthesun地球環(huán)繞太陽(yáng)的軌道v.沿軌道運(yùn)行；圍繞……運(yùn)動(dòng)【釋】Ifsomethingsuchasasatelliteorbitsaplanet,moon,orsun,itmovesarounditinacontinuous,curvingpath.Australiancompanyjoinsglobalefforttorecycledangerousspacedebris【基礎(chǔ)解析】debrisn.1)殘?jiān)?；垃圾；廢棄物【釋】piecesofmaterialthatarenotwantedandrubbish/garbagethatareleftsomewhere【例】Clearawayleavesandothergardendebrisfromthepond.把池塘里的樹葉和其他庭園垃圾清除干凈。2)殘?。凰槠?；破片【釋】piecesofwood,metal,brick,etc.thatareleftaftersthhasbeendestroyed【例】Emergencyteamsarestillclearingthedebrisfromtheplanecrash.各搶救小組仍在清理失事飛機(jī)的殘骸。精講試聽(tīng)結(jié)束AnAustraliancompanyispartofaninternationalefforttorecycledangerousspacejunkintorocketfuel-inspace.Theorbitourplanetdependsonisgettingcloggedwithdebrisfromoldspacecraft.【基礎(chǔ)解析】clogv.（使）阻塞，堵塞【釋】toblocksthortobecomeblocked【例】Thenarrowstreetswerecloggedwithtraffic.狹窄的街道上交通堵塞。Deadsatellitesandspentrocketpartsarewhizzingaroundatspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation.【長(zhǎng)難句分析】Deadsatellitesandspentrocketparts(主語(yǔ))arewhizzingaround(謂語(yǔ))atspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)).Deadsatellitesandspentrocketpartsarewhizzingaroundatspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation.【基礎(chǔ)解析】whizzv.嗖嗖地移動(dòng)；飛速行駛【釋】tomoveveryquickly,makingahighcontinuoussound【例】Abulletwhizzedpastmyear.一顆子彈嗖的一聲從我耳邊飛過(guò)。Deadsatellitesandspentrocketpartsarewhizzingaroundatspeedsofupto28,000kilometresanhour,posingathreattocommunicationssatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation.【基礎(chǔ)解析】posev.1)造成（威脅、問(wèn)題等）；引起；產(chǎn)生【釋】tocreateathreat,problem,etc.thathastobedealtwith【例】toposeathreat/challenge/danger/risk構(gòu)成威脅/挑戰(zhàn)/危險(xiǎn)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)2)提問(wèn)；質(zhì)詢【釋】toaskaquestion,especiallyonethatneedsseriousthought【例】toposeaquestion提出問(wèn)題Atthosespeeds,evenasmallscreworafleckofpaintposesarisktofacilitiessuchastheISS,aswellasthehumansinthem.【基礎(chǔ)解析】facilityn.設(shè)施；設(shè)備【釋】buildings,services,equipment,etc.thatareprovidedforaparticularpurpose【例】sports/leisurefacilities體育/消閑設(shè)施Atthosespeeds,evenasmallscreworafleckofpaintposesarisktofacilitiessuchastheISS,aswellasthehumansinthem.【拓展延伸】1)facilitate/f??s?l?te?t/v.促使；使便利【例】Structuredteachingfacilitateslearning.有條理的教導(dǎo)有利于學(xué)習(xí)。2)關(guān)于“設(shè)備、設(shè)施”的單詞辨析：①equipment多指成套的或重型的設(shè)備或裝備，比如camping/officeequipment野營(yíng)/辦公室設(shè)備；②facility用于某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的設(shè)備，比如sports/leisurefacilities體育/休閑設(shè)施；③apparatus尤作科學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)或技術(shù)等方面的用途的儀器，比如laboratoryapparatus實(shí)驗(yàn)室儀器；④appliance多指家用電器，比如electrical/householdappliances電器/家用器具；⑤device指的是小巧的電子裝置或設(shè)備，比如mobiledevices移動(dòng)設(shè)備；⑥amenity指便民設(shè)施，比如公共電話、公共廁所；⑦infrastructure指基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，比如水、電、道路、橋梁。Lastweekend,Russiafiredamissileanddestroyedoneofitsownsatellites,sendingdebrisflying.TheUnitedStatessaidthatdebrisnow"threatenstheinterestsofallnations".Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【基礎(chǔ)解析】scenarion.設(shè)想；方案；預(yù)測(cè)【釋】adescriptionofhowthingsmighthappeninthefuture【例】Letmesuggestapossiblescenario.我來(lái)設(shè)想一種可能出現(xiàn)的情況。Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【基礎(chǔ)解析】cascadev.傾瀉；流注【釋】toflowdownwardsinlargeamounts【例】Watercascadeddownthemountainside.水從山腰傾瀉而下。n.一連串【釋】alargenumberofthingsfallingorcomingquicklyatthesametime【例】Ifonefirmgoesunderitcouldprovokeacascadeofbankruptcies.如果一家公司倒閉，可能會(huì)引起一連串的破產(chǎn)。Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【基礎(chǔ)解析】collisionn.碰撞（或相撞）事故【釋】anaccidentinwhichtwovehiclesorpeoplecrashintoeachother【例】acollisionbetweentwotrains兩列火車相撞事故Theworst-casescenarioiscascadingcollisionsbetweensmallerandsmallerbitsofspacejunkuntilorbitsbecomeunusable,asituationknownastheKesslerEffect.【拓展延伸】collide/k??la?d/v.①碰撞；相撞【釋】Iftwopeople,vehicles,etc.collide,theycrashintoeachother;ifaperson,vehicle,etc.collideswithanother,orwithsththatisnotmoving,theycrashintoit.【例】Thecarcollidedhead-onwiththevan.那輛小轎車與貨車迎面相撞。②嚴(yán)重不一致；沖突；抵觸【釋】todisagreestrongly【例】Theyregularlycollideoverpolicydecisions.他們經(jīng)常在政策決策上發(fā)生沖突。SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpacehasdevelopedan"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbittoextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem.【長(zhǎng)難句分析】SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpace(主語(yǔ))hasdeveloped(謂語(yǔ))an"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"(賓語(yǔ))thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbit(定語(yǔ)從句，修飾system)toextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem(todo不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)).SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpacehasdevelopedan"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbittoextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem.【基礎(chǔ)解析】propulsionn.推動(dòng)力；推進(jìn)【釋】theforcethatdrivessthforward【例】wind/steam/jetpropulsion風(fēng)力/蒸汽/噴氣推進(jìn)SouthAustraliancompanyNeumannSpacehasdevelopedan"in-spaceelectricpropulsionsystem"thatcanbeusedinlowEarthorbittoextendthemissionsofspacecraft,movesatellites,orde-orbitthem.【拓展延伸】1)propel/pr??pel/v.驅(qū)使；迫使【釋】toforcesbtomoveinaparticulardirectionortogetintoaparticularsituation【例】Furypropelledherintoaction.怒火驅(qū)使她行動(dòng)起來(lái)。2)compel/k?m?pel/v.強(qiáng)迫；迫使；使必須【釋】toforcesbtodosth;tomakesthnecessary【例】Thelawcancompelfatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.這項(xiàng)法律可強(qiáng)制父親定期支付子女的費(fèi)用。NowNeumannisworkingonaplanwiththreeothercompaniestoturnspacejunkintofuelforthatpropulsionsystem.Japanesestart-upAstroscalehasalreadydemonstratedhowitcanusesatellitestocapturebitsofdebrisinspace.【基礎(chǔ)解析】capturev.1)俘虜;捕獲【釋】Ifyoucapturesomeoneorsomething,youcatchthem,especiallyinawar.【例】Alliedtroopscapturedover300enemysoldiers.盟軍俘虜了300多名敵方士兵。2)引起（注意、想象、興趣）【釋】tomakesbinterestedinsth【例】Theyusepuppetstocapturetheimaginationofyoungeraudiences.他們用木偶來(lái)啟發(fā)小觀眾的想象力。3)（用圖畫、文章、電影等準(zhǔn)確地）表達(dá)，刻畫，描述【釋】tosucceedinaccuratelyexpressingafeeling,anatmosphere,etc.inapicture,pieceofwriting,film/movie,etc.【例】Thearticlecapturedthemoodofthenation.這篇文章把國(guó)民的情緒把握得很準(zhǔn)。Nanorocks,intheUS,isworkingonaplanusingadvancedroboticstostoreandcutupthatdebriswhileitisstillinorbit.AnotherUScompany,Cislunar,isdevelopingaspacefoundrytomeltdebrisintometalrods.AndNeumannSpace'spropulsionsystemcanusethosemetalrodsasfuel-theirsystemionisesthemetalwhichthencreatesthrusttomoveobjectsaroundorbit.【基礎(chǔ)解析】thrustn.（發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)推動(dòng)飛機(jī)、火箭等的）推力，驅(qū)動(dòng)力【釋】theforcethatisproducedbyanenginetopushaplane,rocket,etc.【例】Itprovidesthethrustthatmakesthecraftmoveforward.它提供了使飛機(jī)前進(jìn)的推力。v.猛推；沖；搡；擠；塞【釋】topushsth/sbsuddenlyorviolentlyinaparticulardirection;tomovequicklyandsuddenlyinaparticulardirection【例】Shethrustpasthimangrilyandleft.她氣呼呼地從他身旁擠過(guò)去走了。ChiefexecutiveofficerHerveAstiersaidwhenNeumannwasapproachedtobepartofasupplychaintomeltmetalinspace,hethoughtitwasafuturisticplan,andwouldnotbe"aseasyasitlooks"."ButtheygotagrantfromNasasowebu