八年級數(shù)學(xué)上冊第十四章勾股定理142勾股定理的應(yīng)用(第1課時)勾股定理的應(yīng)用(一)課件(新版)華東師大

第三部分七選五第三部分七選五-2-七選五題型是在一段約300詞(原文250左右;選項(xiàng)50左右)的短文中留出5個空白,要求考生從所給的7個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫。從《考試說明》對該題型命題目的的表述“主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握”可以得出以下判斷:該題備用選項(xiàng)可分為主旨概括句(文章整體或段落內(nèi)容)、過渡性語句(文章結(jié)構(gòu))和邏輯性語句(上下文邏輯意義)三類。其多余的兩個干擾項(xiàng)也往往從這三方面進(jìn)行設(shè)置,例如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題,過渡性語句不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu),邏輯性語句與上文脫節(jié)等。-2-七選五題型是在一段約300詞(原文250左右;選項(xiàng)50-3-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三主旨概括句主旨概括句是指概括文章主題的句子,或者統(tǒng)領(lǐng)某一段落的句子。做此類題要注意兩個方面:1.全文主旨句。注意文章的首段與結(jié)尾段,尤其是文章的首段及結(jié)尾段的末句,因?yàn)椤伴_門見山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”的寫作方式在英語中很常見,首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在,如果它不是主題句,可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否為“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”式,如兩者均不是,則在文章的其他段落尋找主題句,但仍然不能忽略首段與末段的提示作用。2.段落主旨句。文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落,各段落會依據(jù)文章的主題展開,對文章主題的不同方面進(jìn)行闡述。找出各段的關(guān)鍵詞,明確其大意,就容易確定一個段落的主旨句。-3-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三主旨概括句-4-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三【典例示范】(2018全國Ⅰ)...

38

.They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.

...Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou’relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.

40

.

-4-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三【典例示范】-5-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三-5-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三-6-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三-6-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三-7-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三過渡性語句過渡性語句的考查主要是從文章結(jié)構(gòu)的角度出題,在文中起到承上啟下的行文作用。做此類題需要注意文章的結(jié)構(gòu),有“總—分—總”結(jié)構(gòu),也有“分—分—總”結(jié)構(gòu)。無論什么樣的結(jié)構(gòu),都需要聯(lián)結(jié)文章的過渡性語句。過渡句通常對上面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),或者以問句的方式或祈使句的方式引出下文。所以,在定位選項(xiàng)時,要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容。-7-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三過渡性語句-8-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三【典例示范】(2017全國Ⅰ)IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping.Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.

36

Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.

37

Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.

-8-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三【典例示范】-9-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.

38

Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.

39

Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.

40

Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.

-9-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三Iwas,nevertheless-10-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三-10-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三-11-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三-11-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三-12-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一邏輯性語句上下文邏輯關(guān)系語句是對段落中的細(xì)節(jié)信息的考查,屬于句子與句子間的邏輯順序的排列。做此類試題要注意文章的語句間的組合,一是要判斷語句間的邏輯意義關(guān)系:并列、層遞、轉(zhuǎn)折、總分、解釋、因果等關(guān)系。二是借助句子之間的連接性詞語來把握,因?yàn)檫B接性詞語能表明這個語段句與句之間、層與層之間的基本關(guān)系是:1.承接關(guān)系(如so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等)。2.并列關(guān)系(如first,second,third...;firstly,secondly,thirdly...;first,next,then...;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace...;foronething,foranotherthing...;tobeginwith,toconclude等)。-12-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一邏輯性語句-13-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一3.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whatever,onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,otherwise等)。4.層遞關(guān)系(如also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what’smore,too,either,neither,not...but...,notonly...butalso...等)。5.解釋關(guān)系(如inotherwords,namely,thatistosay,orrather等)。-13-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一3.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(如however,n-14-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一【典例示范】(2018全國Ⅰ)Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign—somethingyou’llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou’lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat’sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?

36

,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.

Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.

37

,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.

-14-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一【典例示范】-15-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一...Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.

39

.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.

-15-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一...-16-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一-16-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一-17-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一-17-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)一-18-通常來說,解答七選五題型,我們要遵循以下幾個步驟,以求得最大正答率。1.通讀全文,了解文章大意這是一個泛讀的過程,目的是了解文章大意,為以后的理解做鋪墊。2.分析句型,了解語法構(gòu)成當(dāng)我們了解了文章大意后,要明確每一個空是填一個完整的句子還是從句。這一點(diǎn)十分重要,它能夠幫助我們迅速確定某些空的選項(xiàng)范圍,比如,有一個空的結(jié)尾處是逗號,后文緊跟著一個句子,很顯然這時我們需要填一個從句,可以在七個選項(xiàng)中找到是從句的選項(xiàng),從而縮小選擇范圍。-18-通常來說,解答七選五題型,我們要遵循以下幾個步驟,以-19-3.明確關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系任何句子都是要么和上文有聯(lián)系,要么和下文有聯(lián)系,要么和上下文都有聯(lián)系,因?yàn)橐黄恼虏粌H僅是句子的整合,也是有含義的連貫性的,怎樣確定這種關(guān)系?(1)根據(jù)位置:注意空缺處在文中的位置,當(dāng)空缺處在段首時,應(yīng)注意此段首句之后的部分,這是因?yàn)槲恼碌拿恳欢瓮鶚?gòu)成總分結(jié)構(gòu),這一點(diǎn)在說明文和議論文中尤為明顯,而七選五的選材往往是說明文和議論文;當(dāng)空缺處在段中時,則需要看空缺處前后的內(nèi)容;當(dāng)空缺處在段末時,則需要看前文的內(nèi)容,因?yàn)檫@一句最有可能是對整段的一個總結(jié)和概括。當(dāng)然,以上分析只是主流情形,也有可能出現(xiàn)其他情況,這時需要具體問題具體分析。-19-3.明確關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系-20-(2)根據(jù)含義:在第一步了解大意的基礎(chǔ)上,現(xiàn)在要做的是詳細(xì)閱讀以便明確每一個空的具體關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,這時要結(jié)合選項(xiàng)同時做(注意在第二步范圍縮小的基礎(chǔ)上),常見的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系有:順承、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、舉例。最常見的就是根據(jù)代詞含義,因?yàn)槿绻衔某霈F(xiàn)了某個名詞或概念時,后文再次提及他,往往為了避免重復(fù),會使用代詞,只是后文對前文的一個很好的提示,例如:后文出現(xiàn)了it,那前文出現(xiàn)的名詞一定是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞或者是一件事;后文出現(xiàn)了thisman,那前文一定要有一句話在說這個人的情況,后文才能用this這個代詞代指他,等等;其次,根據(jù)形容詞、副詞確定關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系也比較常見,形容詞、副詞往往表達(dá)了作者的感情色彩,這對于我們排除干擾選項(xiàng)十分關(guān)鍵,比如:上文所使用的形容詞、副詞全是褒義詞匯,語調(diào)陽光積極,后文如果和前文是順承關(guān)系,必然也應(yīng)該用正能量的語調(diào);當(dāng)然,根據(jù)其他詞匯確定關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系也都有可能。-20-(2)根據(jù)含義:在第一步了解大意的基礎(chǔ)上,現(xiàn)在要做的-21-4.宏觀把握,選擇最佳答案最后作答時,當(dāng)我們對于某一個空有兩個不同的答案時,我們將其分別代入,選擇最佳答案,這一點(diǎn)很簡單。5.帶入通讀,復(fù)查做完題目后,我們很有必要將自己修正好的文章通讀一遍,將其看做一篇行文通順語意連貫的文章來讀,這時如果感到有含義不連貫的地方,很有可能是我們填錯了空,就要復(fù)查了。注意:七選五的特點(diǎn)在于,錯一道,往往還會錯另外的一道或幾道,我們叫做“連錯”,所以當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有一處填的有問題時,一定要同時檢查其他空。-21-4.宏觀把握,選擇最佳答案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

56384866666gjfdghmghm

56384866666gjfdghmghm

56384866666gjfdghmghm

56384866666gjfdghmghm

56384866666gjfdghmghm

56384866666gjfdghmghm

56384866666gjfdghmghm

56384866666gjfdghmghm

56384866666gjfdghmghm

56384866666gjfdghmghm

56384866666gjfdghmghm

56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm56384866666gjfdghmghm563848666￥111111111111111111111111111111122222222222222222222222222222