2024屆高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解專題講義素材

閱讀理解專題一、命題概況1.文本信息、題型分布年份語篇體裁難度話題考點(diǎn)分布2023閱讀A應(yīng)用文易人與社會：自行車租賃和雇傭?qū)в蔚燃?xì)節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)理解7題推理判斷5題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度1題閱讀B記敘文易人與社會：凈化污水的生態(tài)機(jī)器閱讀C說明文中人與社會：數(shù)字極簡主義生活方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)閱讀D說明文難人與社會：“群體智慧”效應(yīng)2022閱讀A應(yīng)用文易人與社會：文學(xué)引用課的評分制度細(xì)節(jié)理解9題推理判斷3題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題文章來源1題閱讀B說明文中人與社會：實(shí)際行動減少食物浪費(fèi)閱讀C新聞報(bào)道中人與社會：養(yǎng)雞提升老年人幸福感閱讀D說明文難人與社會：飲食變化帶來發(fā)音變化2021閱讀A應(yīng)用文易人與社會：羅馬的四個(gè)旅館細(xì)節(jié)理解8題推理判斷2題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題標(biāo)題歸納1題寫作意圖1題觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度1題閱讀B記敘文易人與社會：介紹鋼琴翻頁的職業(yè)閱讀C說明文中人與自然：濕地破壞，保護(hù)環(huán)境閱讀D說明文中人與自我：情商是品質(zhì)還是技能2020閱讀A應(yīng)用文易人與社會：詩歌邀請賽細(xì)節(jié)理解題7推理判斷題5詞義猜測題2寫作意圖題1閱讀B記敘文易人與自我：努力自有回報(bào)閱讀C說明文中人與社會：介紹一本有關(guān)烏茲別克斯坦游記的書閱讀D說明文中人與社會：就餐同伴對飲食習(xí)慣的影響2.考點(diǎn)分布2023新課標(biāo)I卷2022新課標(biāo)I卷2021新課標(biāo)I卷2020新高考全國I卷閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解7題推理判斷5題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度1題細(xì)節(jié)理解9題推理判斷3題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題文章來源1題細(xì)節(jié)理解8題推理判斷2題詞義猜測1題主旨大意1題標(biāo)題歸納1題寫作意圖1題觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度1題細(xì)節(jié)理解題7推理判斷題5詞義猜測題2寫作意圖題1二、微技能提升1.細(xì)節(jié)定位和替換 通過題目中的提示，根據(jù)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞、反義詞等提示信息，定位到原文中的信息，并理解此信息，然后對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)作出正確選擇。訓(xùn)練信息定位能力和英英釋義的理解能力。此類題型屬于基礎(chǔ)題，學(xué)生應(yīng)該盡可能不失分。范例1:2023新高考I卷ABikeRental&GuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.【思路解析】抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞start,對比原文后發(fā)現(xiàn)它是最后一段中depart的同義詞，因此定位到最后一段ThetourdepartsfromDamSquare.答案D便顯而易見。范例2：2021新高考I卷 BByday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhissparetimethoughhegoesonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’“RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”26.WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?A.Countingthepages. B.Recognizingthe“nodding”.C.Catchingfallingobjects. D.Performinginhisownstyle.【思路解析】通過題干中的needtopractise，結(jié)合原文第四段首句Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.，定位到原文中四小節(jié)。接下來就需要正確理解這個(gè)小節(jié)的內(nèi)容。注意提煉關(guān)鍵信息：Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.而在選項(xiàng)中，這些關(guān)鍵信息被替換為recognizethenodding。范例3:2022新高考I卷DHumanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn2tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“V”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.【思路解析】首先抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞difficult和producelabiodentals,對比原文便會發(fā)現(xiàn)difficult是第三段中hard的同義詞，而producelabiodentals則是原文信息復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此答案定位到第三段的Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals.造成唇齒音發(fā)音困難的原因是古代人類成年人的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的。再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，ABD中的信息與原文信息有明顯的偏差，而C項(xiàng)中提到的下顎結(jié)構(gòu)問題與原文信息相關(guān)，因此選C。練習(xí)1：POETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.21.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.【思路解析】由題干中g(shù)randprize定位在原文Prizes部分第一句話——3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.（大獎(jiǎng)獲得者有三名，其中每一名獲勝者都可獲得免費(fèi)去華盛頓的旅游機(jī)會，并且可以帶一位家長——父親或者母親，和另一位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咦屑?xì)選擇的人。因此，每位大獎(jiǎng)獲得者可以帶2人免費(fèi)參加履行。）注意正確理解各個(gè)數(shù)字代表的具體內(nèi)容。選A。練習(xí)2：Now,EarthDayiscelebratedaroundtheworld.Westillfacemanychallenges,suchasclimatechange,plasticpollution,anddeforestation.Butwecanallmakeadifference.HerTreesSaveLivesAdelineTiffanieSuwanawas12whenherfamily’shomeflooded.Indonesia,herislandnation,isoftenhithardbyfloodsandothernaturaldisasters.Adelinelearnedthatmangrovetreesplayakeyroleinfloodprotectionandralliedclassmatestoplant200treesduringaschoolbreak.TheystartedagroupcalledSahabatAlamorFriendsofNature,whichworkstoconservetheregion’sbiodiversityandcombatclimatechange.Today,Adelineattendsuniversity,studyinghowbusinessescanhelptheenvironment.Teens’Two-FoldInventionEPS—expandedpolystyrenefoam—isthewhite,lightweightstuffusedtomakethingsliketakeoutfoodcontainers,foameggcartons,andpacking“peanuts”.Butittakesupalotofspaceandisdifficulttorecycle.EPSbreaksintosmallpiecesasitfloatsdownwaterwaysintooceans,harmingwildlifealongtheway.Eighth-gradersJuliaBray,LukeClay,andAshtonCoferlookedatEPS’schemicalmakeupandsawthatitwasmostlycarbon.Thatsparkedanidea.Couldtheyturnitintoactivatedcarbon,amaterialthatfilterstoxinsfromwater?After50hoursofexperiments,includingonethataccidentallysetthefamilygrillfire,theysucceeded!SolarforHerSchoolWhenClaireVlasesofMontanawasinseventhgrade,shelearnedaboutplanstoexpandandmodernizehermiddleschool.Claireaskedtheschoolboardtoaddsolarpanelstotheproject.Theboardlikedtheideabutsaiditcouldcontributejust$25,000,one-fifthofthecost.SoClaireorganizedagroupofkidsandadultswhosettoworkraisingtherest.Theyaskedfordonations,evengoingdoor-to-doorforthem.Andtheyappealedtocharitablefoundationstoo.Oneevendonatedhalfthecost!Aftertwoyearsofhardwork,thegrouppaidforthesolarpanels,whichnowsupplyone-fourthoftheschool’selectricityneeds.22.Howmuchdidoneofthecharitableorganizationsdonateforsolarpanels?A.$25,000. B.$50,000. C.$62,500. D.$125,000.【思路解析】由題干中鎖定關(guān)鍵詞charitableorganization,donatesolarpanels，定位在SolarforHerSchool這個(gè)部分，尤其是文章倒數(shù)第二段Theyaskedfordonations,evengoingdoor-to-doorforthem.Andtheyappealedtocharitablefoundationstoo.Oneevendonatedhalfthecost!向上一段追溯thecost的數(shù)額，可知$25,000,one-fifthofthecost（得出算式$25,000=1/5*thecost——thecost=$125,000）；最終可得出halfthecost=1/2*$125,000=$62,500。選C。練習(xí)3:LeavingourhostelinthecentreofPhnomPenh,weclimbinsideoursmallTukTukcabinattachedtothebackofKiwi'smotorbike;abottleofwaterinonehandandasurgeon-stylemaskintheotherwesetoffonour45-minutecommute.Itisafamiliarstarttothedayformeandtwoothervolunteers.WearesettingouttoworkinanorphanagejustoutsideCambodia'scapitalcity.ThemorningrushhourinPhnomPenhiscrowdedandchaotic.Kiwidirectsourpathbetweenthetrucks,4×4Lexus’andcountlessmotorbikes,whichoftencarryentirefamilies.Wereachthedustyhighway，masksandsunshadesfirmlyinplacetoprotectoureyesandlungs.Amixtureofconcretebuildingsandhutsexistalongthesideoftheroadamongaseaofrubbish.Theresidentsoftensmileandwaveaswepassby.Weturnontoafarmtrack.Thelastpartofourjourneyisarollercoaster,jumpingoutofpotholes（路面坑洼）andturningtoavoidfallingoffthesinkingroad.Wepasshutsonstilts（木樁），skinnycowsandfarmyardswherechildrenjumpandscreamuponseeingus.Thestreamalongthesideoftheroadisalmostbonedryandvegetationisrareacrossthefields.Finallywearriveatourdestination:theoasis（令人快慰的地方）isSamrongFarm.Bythegates，agroupof10-year-oldchildrencompeteintheareaofmarbles.We'regreetedbytheshoutsof“Cha,cha（shortfor‘teacher’）!”fromseveralotherkidsgatheringround.Asweclimboutofourvehicle，thesunisalreadyhotandtheoasisisasdryasthefieldssurroundingit.Insuchconditionsyouwouldimaginelifetobehard，butyouwouldn'tknowittoseethewarmsmilesandhearthelaughteroftheresidentsatSamrongOrphanage.ComparedtochildrenintheWesternWorldtheyhavelittleandyettheygivesomuchingenerosityofspiritandenthusiasmforeveryday.Despitethejourney,itissogoodtoarriveatworkinthemorning.24.Wherewastheauthorgoing?A.ToSamrongOrphanage. B.TotheoasisofSamrong.C.TothecapitalofCambodia. D.TothecentreofPhnomPenh.【思路解析】根據(jù)題干信息，我們可以在原文中定位到兩處信息，其一是第一段中的“WearesettingouttoworkinanorphanagejustoutsideCambodia'scapitalcity.”此處setout是題干中g(shù)o的近義詞，由這句可知，“我們”要前往柬埔寨首都郊外的一家孤兒院工作，因此A項(xiàng)可選。但另一處信息可能會給學(xué)生產(chǎn)生干擾，即第四段段首的“Finallywearriveatourdestination:theoasis（令人快慰的地方）isSamrongFarm.”，學(xué)習(xí)易受到arriveat的干擾，誤選B項(xiàng)。事實(shí)上，此句中的oasis是一個(gè)暗喻，并非指具體的地方。練習(xí)4：Whenhumansarefeelinglonely,wecancallorvideochatwithfriendsandfamilywholivefaraway.But,scientistsasked,whataboutpetparrots?Newresearchsuggeststhatthesechattycreaturesmayalsobenefitfromvirtuallyconnectingwiththeirpeers.Theideaforthisstudywasnotrandom:Inthewild,parrotstendtoliveinlargegroups.Butwhenkeptinaspets,thesesocialbirdsareoftenontheirown.Feelingboredandlonely,theymaydeveloppsychologicalissuesandcaneventurntoself-harmingbehaviourslikepullingouttheirfeathers.Inthestudy,researcherswantedtoseewhether18petparrotscouldlearntomakeandreceivevideocallswhentheyneededtohelpreduceloneliness.Intheinitialstage,thebirdslearnttoringabellandthentouchaphotoofanotherbirdonatabletscreentostartacalltothatbird.Callswouldonlyworkwhencaregiverswereabletoassistatbothends.Inthesecondstage,theparrotscouldchoosetocallotherbirdsattheirownwillbyringingthebellthenselectingthebirdtheywantedtocall.Duringatwo-monthstudyperiod,ownerssaidtheyrecorded147deliberatecallsbetweenbirds.“Wesawsomereallyencouragingresultsfromthestudy,”saidresearchers.Theparrotsseemedtograspthattheyweretrulyengagingwithotherbirdsonscreenandtheirbehaviouroftenmirroredwhatwewouldexpectfromreal-lifeinteractionsbetweenthesetypesofbirds.“Shecamealiveduringthecalls,”onepetownersaidaboutherbird,accordingtoaNortheasternUniversitystatement.TheteamhaspreviouslydesignedsimilartechnologysuchasDogPhone,whichallowedpetdogstoshakeaballtocommunicatewiththeirowner.“TheanimalInternetisalreadyhere—therearehundredsofproductsonthemarketthatletpetownersinteractwiththeiranimalsremotelyoverthenet,buttheirdesignisprimarilyfocusedonwhathumanswant,notwhattheirpetsneed,”Hirskyj-DouglasfromtheUniversityofGlasgowadded.24.Whydidresearcherswanttoteachparrotstomakevideocalls?A.Toassesstheeffectsofvideocallsonanimals. B.Totrainparrots’communicationskills. C.Tohelpgetpetparrotsoutofbadmoods. D.Toimprovetherelationshipsbetweenparrots.【思路解析】分析題干Whydidresearcherswanttoteachparrotstomakevideocalls?確定問題重心：研究，研究對象parrots，任務(wù)makevideocalls，為什么有此任務(wù)？即任務(wù)的目的是什么？帶著關(guān)鍵詞，我們可以在原文中尋找“目的”的表達(dá)。定位在第三小節(jié)第一句話Inthestudy,researcherswantedtosee（目的）whether18petparrotscouldlearntomakeandreceivevideocallswhentheyneededtohelpreduceloneliness.而選項(xiàng)C.Tohelpgetpetparrotsoutofbadmoods.中用badmoods替換了原文的loneliness。而loneliness這個(gè)概念在原文第一二小節(jié)進(jìn)行了鋪墊：根據(jù)文章第一節(jié)和第二節(jié)內(nèi)容可知，寵物鸚鵡會感到無聊、孤獨(dú)，研究人員借鑒人們用視頻通話來消除孤獨(dú)的方法，看看鸚鵡會不會受益。所以研究的目的是為了幫助鸚鵡擺脫低落情緒。選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷 此類題型屬于中高檔題，具有一定挑戰(zhàn)性，并非簡單的所見即所得。這類題型往往注重對學(xué)生思維力的考查，要求學(xué)生能基于對題干的理解準(zhǔn)確定位信息，需要學(xué)生具備分析長難句、語篇等的能力，培養(yǎng)對于原有信息的分析再加工能力，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)對原文信息的準(zhǔn)確理解。有時(shí)候還需結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行綜合的分析、推理，才能作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。范例1：2023新高考I卷BWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeksithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.【思路解析】題干中已經(jīng)幫助我們鎖定文章第一二小節(jié)：根據(jù)第一段WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個(gè)過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂）以及第二段Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?（在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？）可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。通過這兩段描述的細(xì)節(jié)，我們需要分析信息，并總結(jié)出答案C：Hehadaninquiringmind. 范例2:2023新高考I卷CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨(dú)處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.【思路解析】根據(jù)題干中的parttwo，答案可以在最后一段定位。在根據(jù)題干中的suggestreaders可以定位到最后一句話“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.”對這句話的準(zhǔn)確理解是關(guān)鍵。這句話屬于長難句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，句子的主干是Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolbox，meanttoaid...作后置定語修飾toolbox，后置定語中還包含了定語從句thatworksforyourparticularcircumstances，修飾lifestyle。整句話的意思是：你可以將這些實(shí)踐視為一個(gè)工具箱，旨在幫助你努力建立一種特定環(huán)境下適合你的極簡主義生活方式。視作工具箱與A項(xiàng)的意思相符。范例3：2023新高考I卷DOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.33.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmall B.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicate D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent【思路解析】此題重點(diǎn)是對題干中evenif（即使）的邏輯理解。根據(jù)第二段的Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.（從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。）和第三段的Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步劃分為允許進(jìn)行討論的小組時(shí)，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。例如，從四個(gè)五人討論組的估計(jì)中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。）可知，人們在沒有獨(dú)立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說明即使在估計(jì)數(shù)字并非完全獨(dú)立的情況下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D。注意：復(fù)習(xí)過程中一定要注重英語思維能力的培養(yǎng)。這篇文章的中心詞并不是群體的大小，而是是否獨(dú)立思考（即實(shí)驗(yàn)中設(shè)置的haveadiscussion或independentindividuals）。事實(shí)上文章中心句并不是第一段第一句“OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.”，而是最后一段最后一句“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.”，因?yàn)榈谌我呀?jīng)有轉(zhuǎn)折，第四段是論證，第五段是結(jié)論——討論的重要性。因此第一段反而是背景，是本文觀點(diǎn)的起點(diǎn)，第二段是對第一段的解釋。可見，現(xiàn)在高考卷對學(xué)生思維能力要求很高，因此我們應(yīng)該在解決詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)語言能力的基礎(chǔ)上，提升思維能力，能夠快速理順文章的邏輯關(guān)系。如何快速讀懂原文，理順邏輯關(guān)系？以上題為例：①要快速定位，根據(jù)題干Navajas’study確定第三段（根據(jù)第三段首句第一個(gè)詞的轉(zhuǎn)折意味，ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.此題也需要了解上一段所講述的內(nèi)容）；②鎖定關(guān)鍵詞，簡化信息并予以圖示：解決說明文，一個(gè)有效方式就是mindmapThiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywas【thatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.】Forinstance（舉例為主旨服務(wù)）,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Para2view averageaccuracyrequireindependentestimatesPara3findingaverageaccuracy4smallgroups*520