Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionDiscoverUsefulStructures課件-高二英語人教版選擇性

Unit3Period2DiscoverUsefulStructures1.能理解直接引語與間接引語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則；2.能根據(jù)語境將陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句形式的直接引語轉(zhuǎn)述為間接引語。新課導(dǎo)入Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechThereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange”Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.Discussthedifferencesbetweeneachpair.Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction”Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech“Let’swork

togethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.課堂學(xué)習(xí)直接引語和間接引語1.基本概念（1）直接引語：直接引述別人的話，把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)，叫直接引語。（2）間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語?！军c(diǎn)撥】直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，從句中的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等一般均要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一、時(shí)態(tài)變化直接引語變間接引語，通常將賓語的時(shí)態(tài)往后推一個(gè)。①如果直接引語中有明確的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。②如果直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語，時(shí)態(tài)不變。句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）Theteachersaid,“YouaredoingOK.”→TheteachersaidthatdoingOK.（2）Hesaid,“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat__anovel.（3）Hesaid,“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthatgotheretohavealongholiday.（4）Theteachersaid,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethereawill,thereaway.（5）Janesaid,“Mary,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus”→JaneaskedMarywherewhenshemetheronthebus.wewerehehadwrittenshewouldisshewasgoing is

二、人稱變化一隨主、二隨賓、第三人稱不更新。一隨主：直接引語中第一人稱變?yōu)榕c主句的主語相一致的人稱。二隨賓：直接引語中第二人稱變?yōu)楹烷g接賓語（即聽話人）相一致的人稱。第三人稱不更新：直接引語中第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接賓語時(shí)，人稱不變。句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,

Tom.”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat

wouldgoandsee

againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome,“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat

waswrong.sheIhim（4）Theoldmansaid,“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.三、指示代詞的變化。變化項(xiàng)目直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthesethatthoseTheoldmansaid,“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.those四、時(shí)間狀語的變化變化項(xiàng)目直接引語間接引語時(shí)間狀語nowtoday,tonightthisweek/month…yesterdaytendays/weeks…agotomorrow/nextyear…thenthatday,thatnightthatweek/month…thedaybeforetendays/weeks…beforethenextday/year…注意：以上變化要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday,tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語不必改變。句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tim,”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain.（2）MrHarryasked,“John,haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam_____________.thateveningthedaybefore地點(diǎn)狀語here方向性動(dòng)詞comebringtheregotake注意：如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here不必變?yōu)閠here。五、地點(diǎn)狀語、方向性動(dòng)詞的變化（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow,John,”

shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelpher___________.

thenextdaygo

六、語序的變化1.直接引語是陳述句，間接引語用連接詞that引導(dǎo)，that可省略。Hismothersaidtome,“MrHarryisinchargeofthework.”→HismothertoldmethatMrHarrywasinchargeofthework.他的母親告訴我，亨利先生負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作。直接引語如果是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要把疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。2.直接引語是一般疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句；間接引語用whether(...or...或...ornot)或if引導(dǎo)，疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序，謂語動(dòng)詞say(said)改為ask(asked)。e.g.Motheraskedme,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework”→Motheraskedmewhether/ifIhadfinishedmyhomework.3.直接引語是特殊疑問句，間接引語用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)，疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。Maryaskedme,“WhendidtheBritishprincebecomeinfectedwiththedisease”→MaryaskedmewhentheBritishprincebecameinfectedwiththedisease.三訣巧記“直”變“間”(1)當(dāng)直接引語為陳述句時(shí)，變成間接引語的口訣：去掉引號(hào)加that，人稱變化要靈活，時(shí)態(tài)向后退一步，狀語變化按規(guī)則。(2)當(dāng)直接引語為一般疑問句時(shí)，變成間接引語的口訣：去掉引號(hào)加if/whether，陳述語序要記住。時(shí)態(tài)人稱和狀語，小心變化別馬虎。(3)當(dāng)直接引語是特殊疑問句時(shí)，變成間接引語的口訣：直接去引號(hào)，陳述莫忘掉，小心助動(dòng)詞，丟它最重要。4.直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語，形式多采用“動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式”。常見引述動(dòng)詞有ask，tell，beg，warn，remind，advise，order。如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。（1）引述表示命令的祈使句，變間接引語時(shí)常采用ask/tell/ordersb.todosth.的形式。"Finishthetaskintenminutes,"themanagersaidtotheclerk.→Themanagertoldtheclerktofinishthetaskintenminutes.（2）直接引語是表示請求、勸告、建議等意義的祈使句或疑問句時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語多采用“suggest＋doing/that從句(如suggest后接that從句時(shí)，從句使用虛擬語氣should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should也可省略)，offertodo和ask/advise/wantsb.＋todo”等結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.“Whataboutstartingearlytomorrowmorning”Jacksaid.→Jacksuggestedstartingearlytomorrowmorning.5．感嘆句的直接引語變間接引語直接引語為感嘆句時(shí)，間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)。"Whatabeautifuldressitis!"

thegirlsaidtoherfriend.→Thegirltoldherfriendwhatabeautifuldressitwas.Hesaid,"Howfineyoulook!"→HesaidhowfineIlooked.（1）Hesaid,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmehehisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid,“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV”→SheaskedmeIwatchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Whatareyoudoingnow”Momasked.→Momaskedthen.（4）Hesaid,“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →Heagain.（5）Hesaid,“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”→Hetoldtheboyssomuchnoise.that

whether

likedhadleftwhatIwasdoingaskedmetogothere

nottomakethenextdayHerearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangethesentencesintoindirectspeech.2NameStatements/QuestionsDiane①“WhatmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual?”DianeaskedwhathadmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual.②“WasittheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory?”Diane

askedif/whetherithadbeentheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory.NameStatements/QuestionsMartha①“Iwanttobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.”Marthasaid/toldmethatshewantedtobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.②“Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.”Marthasaid/toldmethatshewasdoingaprojectonbehalfofherschoolaboutglobalwarming.Bob①“Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopic?”Bobaskedwhynuclearpowerwassuchasensitivetopic.②“Couldyouexplainhowthenucleardisasterhappened?”Bobaskedif/whethertheycouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.NameStatements/QuestionsLaura①“Howmanyanimalshavedisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting?”Lauraaskedhowmanyanimalshaddisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting.②“Whatcanwedotohelpwildanimals?”Lauraaskedwhatwecoulddotohelpwildanimals.Vincent①“I’veneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.”Vincentsaid/toldmethathehadneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.②“Willscientistsdiscovernewspeciesthere?”Vincentaskedif/whetherscientistswoulddiscovernewspeciesthere.Do